镧对油菜抗病性相关酶活性的影响

通过水培试验,研究了La对与油菜抗病性相关的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶活性以及对膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:喷施0.3mg·kg-1的La3+油菜叶绿素含量显著增加,POD,CAT,SOD和PPO活性增高,MDA含量降低,但可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化。可见La具有诱导植株产生抗病性的作用。     

镧浸种对辣椒种子抗酸雨胁迫能力的强化作用

为了检测镧浸种对辣椒种子抗酸雨胁迫能力的影响,对来自辣椒种子经镧处理和酸雨胁迫1,3和7 d的幼苗生长状况和活性氧代谢进行了测定。结果显示:经镧溶液浸种后,辣椒种子的抗酸雨能力增强,可抵御中强酸雨(pH 3.5)持续胁迫7 d,表现为胚根长和幼苗鲜重均达到对照水平;相对于酸雨组,镧处理组辣椒幼苗中POD活性提高了5.4%,MDA含量降低了6.9%;酸雨组的POD活性和MDA含量均高于对照,分别提高3.9%和25.5%,说明酸雨引发的POD合成是应急,不能有效地限制MDA的积累;基于镧对照的POD活性比对照高,而MDA含量没有相应的提高,说明镧浸种提高了幼苗中POD活性的本底水平。因此,稀土元素是作物的免疫刺激物,镧浸种属于抗胁迫锻炼。     

外源钕减轻了重金属镉对菹草的毒害作用

研究了不同浓度钕对菹草镉胁迫的缓解效应.结果表明,单一镉(10 mg·L-1)处理降低了菹草叶片抗氧化酶系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量下降.用不同浓度钕处理后,明显减轻了这些症状,抗氧化酶活性均有所提高,与毒害对照相比,SOD、CAT及POD活性分别提高了14.0%～30.0%,8.8%～47.3%,4.6%～15.1%,并减轻了叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的降解,减缓了MDA的积累.随着钕浓度的进一步加大,缓解效应逐渐减弱,钕作用的最适浓度为10～15mg·L-1.     

镧对UV-C胁迫下番茄幼苗的防护作用

在温室中研究了La3+对UV-C辐射胁迫下番茄幼苗保护酶活性及光合色素的影响.结果表明:UV-C胁迫降低了番茄幼苗SOD和POD活性,增加了膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量.La3+对UV-C胁迫下番茄幼苗SOD和POD有显著的调控作用.与单一UV-C胁迫组相比,番茄幼苗SOD活性平均增加了38.03%,POD活性平均增加了20.43%,番茄幼苗MDA含量平均降低18.63%,表明La3+有效防止了番茄幼苗细胞膜脂过氧化作用,一定程度上缓解了番茄幼苗膜系统的伤害.La3+能够显著缓解UV-C辐射胁迫对光合色素的降解作用.与单一UV-C胁迫组相比,番茄幼苗叶绿素a平均提高了17.65%.叶绿素b平均提高了17.11%,类胡萝卜素含量维持较高水平.综合比较各项指标,30 mg·L-1LaCl3在UV-C辐射胁迫下对番茄幼苗的防护效果好于60 mg·L-1LaCl3.     

As(Ⅲ)胁迫对小球藻生化指标的影响及其耐受性机制研究

本研究通过测定不同浓度As(Ⅲ)作用下小球藻叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)等生化指标，结合藻细胞SEM-EDS、TEM形貌分析和MOE分子模拟，探究As(Ⅲ)对小球藻生长的抑制作用；通过评估藻细胞内抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性，揭示小球藻应对As(Ⅲ)胁迫的反应机制。结果显示：在高浓度As(Ⅲ)(300、600mg/L,6天)胁迫下，叶绿素a含量仅为对照组的40%,可溶性蛋白含量与对照组相当，MDA含量较第4天降低40%。SEM、TEM显示，小球藻在As(Ⅲ)作用下细胞表面皱缩、细胞器溶解、藻体破裂。MOE模拟表明，小球藻内大分子通过氢键与As(Ⅲ)结合，从而提高藻细胞耐受能力。研究表明小球藻对As(Ⅲ)具有一定的耐受性，但高浓度As(Ⅲ)会导致藻体死亡。     

镧胁迫对蚯蚓几种重要酶活性的影响

采用自然土壤染毒法,研究了镧胁迫对蚯蚓体内蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及MDA含量、纤维素酶活性的影响。结果表明,镧胁迫对蚯蚓的几种重要酶活性均产生一定的影响。随着暴露时间的增加,蛋白含量、SOD和POD活性呈现出"低促-高抑"的Hormesis现象,CAT活性波动变化,MDA含量不断增加。纤维素酶活性在低浓度镧胁迫下先下降后上升,高浓度胁迫下纤维素酶活性不断增加。     

外源铕对油莎豆幼苗耐盐性的生理调控作用

以油料作物油莎豆为材料,利用植物生理生化分析手段,研究了水培条件下稀土Eu3+对油莎豆幼苗无机离子K+和Na+的吸收、渗透调节物质合成、抗氧化酶系活性和抗氧化物质含量的影响和可能的耐盐生理调节机理。结果显示:EuCl3处理促进了大量必需元素K+的吸收,提高了K+/Na+比,促进了可溶性糖和脯氨酸的合成,显著提高了油莎豆叶片SOD,CAT,POD以及AsA-GSH循环关键酶APX和GR的活性,提高了抗氧化物质AsA和GSH生成量,减轻了NaCl胁迫下油莎豆叶片膜质过氧化水平。结果表明Eu3+通过对油莎豆生理代谢的调节,缓解了NaCl胁迫对油莎豆幼苗的生理伤害。     

外源H_2O_2对镧胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗光合作用和活性氧代谢的影响

土壤稀土元素污染已成为中国稀土矿区农业可持续发展的制约因素。为探讨信号分子H_2O_2对La胁迫下作物生理响应的调控机制,以裸燕麦品种‘白燕7号’幼苗为试材,采用砂培方法,研究了喷施5 mmol·L~(-1) H_2O_2预处理对1.20 mmol·L~(-1) La~(3+)胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗La含量、生长参数、叶片光合色素含量、气体交换参数和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:La胁迫下,裸燕麦幼苗根系和地上部La含量,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i),超氧阴离子(O_2~(·-)), H_2O_2,丙二醛(MDA),类黄酮,总酚和原花青素含量,质膜相对透性(RPP),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD),抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著提高,而根长、株高及根系和地上部干重、叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量明显降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化不大。La胁迫下H_2O_2预处理对裸燕麦幼苗根系La含量没有影响,但地上部La含量显著下降;根长、株高及根系和地上部干重、叶片光合色素、 ASA、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、类黄酮、总酚和原花青素含量、 CAT活性、P_n,G_s,T_r提高,C_i, O_2~(·-), H_2O_2, MDA含量、 RPP, SOD, POD和APX活性下降, GSH含量没有改变。表明La胁迫下外源H_2O_2能够抑制La从根系向地上部的转运,并通过调控活性氧清除系统降低膜脂过氧化程度,提高光合速率,缓解植株生长受抑程度,从而增强裸燕麦对La胁迫的适应能力。     

稀土对UV-B辐射伤害植物的影响: Ⅱ. Ce对UV-B胁迫下油菜幼苗保护酶系统影响

水培法研究了Ce对紫外辐射(UV-B, 280～320 nm)胁迫下油菜幼苗膜保护酶的影响. 实验表明, UV-B辐射(T1/0.15 W·m-2和T2/0.35 W·m-2)胁迫下, 油菜幼苗叶绿素含量减少, 质膜透性增大, SOD, CAT与POD酶活随时间进程先升后降(T1), 高剂量(T2)下POD持续升高, 3者响应UV-B辐射胁迫的敏感序列是SOD＞CAT＞POD. Ce对3种保护酶的调控作用, 减轻了UV-B辐射对其功能的损伤, 增强了保护酶清除自由基能力, 维持了质膜正常透性, 且对低剂量(T1)的防护效果优于高剂量(T2). 从而在防御系统层面实现了Ce对UV-B辐射伤害油菜幼苗的防护效应.     

盐胁迫下镧对小麦幼苗叶片抗氧化系统活性的影响

研究了盐胁迫下La3 对小麦幼苗叶片抗氧化系统活性的调节作用。结果显示,盐胁迫显著增加了细胞膜的相对透性,提高了丙二醛含量及.O2-和H2O2在体内的累积量,从而对小麦叶片造成了一定程度的氧化伤害,其伤害强度随盐浓度的增加而增大。适当浓度La3 处理提高了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等抗氧化酶活性,对与AsA-GSH循环相关酶类如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性也有不同程度的促进作用,从而提高了盐胁迫下小麦植株清除自由基的能力,降低了细胞膜脂过氧化水平,减轻了盐分对小麦幼苗的伤害程度,表明适当浓度的La3 处理对提高小麦抗盐能力是有益的。     

Effect of sound wave stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of Dendrobium candidum

The effect of sound wave stress on important medicinal plant, Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl, was investigated, including the responses on malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the activities change of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Results were found that the activities of SOD, CAT, POD and APX enhanced totally in different organs of D. candidum, as leaves, stems and roots, in response to the stress. Furthermore there happened similar shift of antioxidant enzymes activities, which increased in the initial stimulation and decreased afterwards. Data showed SOD, CAT, POD and APX activities ascended to max at day 9, 6, 9 and 12 in leaves, at day 9, 6, 12 and 9 in stems, and at day 12, 6, 9 and 9 in roots, respectively. As a lipid peroxidation parameter, MDA content in different organs increased in the beginning, dropped afterward, and increased again in the late. Anyway the total trend was the rise of MDA level compared to the control. It was interesting that the MDA content appeared the lowest levels almost when the antioxidant enzymes activities were up to the highest. Our results demonstrated the different organs of D. candidum might produce accumulation of active oxygen species (AOS) under initial treatment of sound wave stress. Later AOS might start to reduce due to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities treated by the stress. The data revealed that the antioxidant metabolism was to be important in determining the ability of plants to survive in sound stress, and the up regulation of these enzymes activities would help to reduce the build up of AOS, which could protect plant cells from oxidative damage. Moreover, different cell compartments might activate different defensive system to reduce excessive amount of AOS. Finally the mechanism of this action was also discussed simply.     

Effects of CO2 laser pretreatment on drought stress resistance in wheat

In order to determine the role of laser in drought stress resistance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), seed embryos were exposed to CO2 laser radiation for 0min, 1min, 3min and 5min, respectively, and when the seedlings were 12 days old they were treated with 10% (w/v) PEG6000 solution for 10 days. Changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione (GSH), ascorbate (AsA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), carotenoid, zeaxanthin, the production rate of superoxide radical (O2(-)), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the growth parameters of seedlings (plant height, leaf area and dry weight) were measured to test the effects of laser pretreatment. The results showed that suitable laser pretreatment of embryos enhanced drought stress resistance in wheat seedlings by decreasing the concentration of MDA and H2O2, GSSG, the production rate of O2(-), leaf area and increasing the activities of APX, GST, GP and POD and AsA, carotenoid and zeaxanthin concentration. It is suggested that those changes in MDA, O2(-) H2O2, anti-oxidative enzymes and anti-oxidative compounds were responsible for the increase in drought stress resistance observed in the experiments. The results also showed that the laser had a long-term positive physiological effect on the growth of drought stress seedlings. This is the first investigation reporting the use of CO2 laser pretreatment to enhance drought stress resistance of spring wheat.     

Exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Salt Stress in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) by Affecting the Growth,Yield, and Biochemical Properties

Soil salinity disrupts the physiological and biochemical processes of crop plants and ultimately leads to compromising future food security. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a contributor to nitric oxide (NO), holds the potential to alleviate abiotic stress effects and boost tolerance in plants, whereas less information is available on its role in salt-stressed lentils. We examined the effect of exogenously applied SNP on salt-stressed lentil plants by monitoring plant growth and yield-related attributes, biochemistry of enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) amassing of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Salinity stress was induced by NaCl application at concentrations of 50 mM (moderate salinity) and 100 mM (severe salinity), while it was alleviated by SNP application at concentrations of 50 µM and 100 µM. Salinity stress severely inhibited the length of roots and shoots, the relative water content, and the chlorophyll content of the leaves, the number of branches, pods, seeds, seed yield, and biomass per plant. In addition, MDA, H₂O₂ as well as SOD, CAT, and POD activities were increased with increasing salinity levels. Plants supplemented with SNP (100 µM) showed a significant improvement in the growth- and yield-contributing parameters, especially in plants grown under moderate salinity (50 mM NaCl). Essentially, the application of 100 µM SNP remained effective to rescue lentil plants under moderate salinity by regulating plant growth and biochemical pathways. Thus, the exogenous application of SNP could be developed as a useful strategy for improving the performance of lentil plants in salinity-prone environments.     

Effects of Vitamin E on the Activities of Protective Enzymes and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Leymus Chinensis under Drought Stress

Leymus chinensis seedlings were treated with 0.05--10 mmol/L vitamin E under osmotic stress in the presence of polyethylene glycol（PEG） as the stress reagent. The effects of the different concentrations of exogenous vitamin E on the activities of SOD, POD and free proline, and the MDA contents under drought stress were examined so as to ascertain the mechanism of Leymus chinensis resistance to drought stress and explore the possible preventive measures. The results indicate that the activities of SOD and POD decreased but the free proline and MDA contents increased as drought stress was accentuated, showing an enhancement of oxidative stress that may cause a decline in membrane stabilization. However, the activities of SOD and POD and the free proline content increased, whereas the MDA content reduced in Leymus chinensis pretreated with vitamin E in comparison with that of the control. This indicates that exogenous vitamin E enhanced the antioxidation of Leymus chinensis seedlings. It suggests that cytomembrane can be protected from damage by increasing the free proline content and the activities of SOD and POD that result in enhancing the drought resistance of Leymus chinensis seedlings.     

Changes of antioxidative enzymes and cell membrane osmosis in tomato colonized by arbuscular Mycorrhizae under NaCl stress

Salinity toxicity is a worldwide agricultural and eco-environmental problem. Many literatures show that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance salt tolerance of many plants and some physiological changes occurred in AM symbiosis under salt stress. However, the role of ROS-scavenging enzymes in AM tomato is still unknown in continuous salt stress. This study investigated the effect of Glomus mosseae on tomato growth, cell membrane osmosis and examined the antioxidants (superoxide-dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POD) responses in roots of mycorrhizal tomato and control under different NaCl stress for 40 days in potted culture. NaCl solution (0, 0.5 and 1%) was added to organic soil in the irrigation water after 45 days inoculated by AMF (Glomus mosseae). (1) AMF inoculation improved tomato growth under salt or saltless condition and reduced cell membrane osmosis, MDA (malonaldehyde) content in salinity. So the salt tolerance of tomato was enhanced by AMF; (2) SOD, APX and POD activity in roots of AM symbiosis were significantly higher than corresponding non-AM plants in salinity or saltless condition. However, CAT activity was transiently induced by AMF and then suppressed to a level similar with non-AM seedlings; (3) higher salinity (1% level) and long stress time suppressed the effect of AMF on SOD, APX, POD and CAT activity; (4) this research suggested that the enhanced salt tolerance in AM symbiosis was mainly related with the elevated SOD, POD and APX activity by AMF which degraded more reactive oxygen species and so alleviated the cell membrane damages under salt stress. Whereas, the elevated SOD, POD and APX activity due to AMF depended on salinity environment.     

铈对酸雨胁迫下大麦种子萌发的影响

研究了铈对酸雨胁迫大麦种子萌发的影响,随着雨ｐＨ值的增加,大麦发芽势,发芽率、幼苗地下与地上部干重及叶绿素含量递减,根系质膜透性递增;酸雨对铈浸种的大麦种子的胁迫作用减轻,表明有缓解酸雨胁迫种子萌发的作用。     

Chromium stress induced alterations in biochemical and enzyme metabolism in aquatic and terrestrial plants

Water is seriously polluted by the discharge of various industrial wastewater containing heavy metals. Among them, chromium is considered to be toxic to living organisms and it is released mostly from tanneries. The chromium-contaminated water is discharged into nearby water bodies and it affects both aquatic and terrestrial plants. So the present experiment was conducted with an aquatic plant, water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) and a terrestrial plant soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). They were treated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/L) of potassium dichromate solution. The biochemical parameters such as total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and amino acid content and the enzymatic activities like catalase and peroxidase were estimated. The accumulation of chromium was also analysed in both the plants. All the biochemical contents and enzyme activities of water lettuce and soybean seedlings showed a great variation with respect to the increase in chromium concentrations. The accumulation of chromium increased gradually with the increase of chromium concentrations. Total inhibition of all the parameters were observed at 300 mg/L chromium concentration. The terrestrial plant soybean was sensitive than the aquatic plant water lettuce towards chromium stress.