纳米氧化铝制备中若干反应过程的研究

本文报道纳米氧化铝材料研制中若干关键步骤的反应过程的考察结果.(1)铝酸钠溶液与碳酸氢钠溶液混合后,产生无定形氢氧化铝沉淀.在碳酸氢钠未大量过剩条件下,氢氧化铝沉淀前有一个反应诱导期.在此期间溶液的紫外吸收光谱已有显著变化.在260nm附近紫外吸收增强;和Ba2[Al2(OH)10]等含六配位铝原子的晶体的紫外光谱对比,讨论了铝酸钠溶液分解的机理;(2)实验表明:和丝钠铝石相比,在上述反应条件下无定形氢氧化铝不是平衡固相而是亚稳相;(3)实验表明:无定形氢氧化铝在拍散和凝胶形成过程中晶化,形成拟薄水铝石.     

SB粉水热分解铝酸钠溶液制取大孔容高比表面拟薄水铝石

 以德国Condea公司用有机醇铝法生产的拟薄水铝石SB粉为晶种,采用水热分解铝酸钠溶液结合乙醇分散洗涤种分产物的方法制得了大孔容高比表面拟薄水铝石. 研究了铝酸钠溶液组成(Al2O3浓度和苛化系数)以及晶种循环使用次数等条件对溶液分解率、 Na2O析出率和种分产物孔体积、孔径分布、比表面积以及钠含量等物化性质的影响. 研究表明, 在晶种比为1.0, 温度为125 ℃的条件下用SB粉分解铝酸钠溶液(Al2O3含量为100～140 g/L, 苛化系数为1.30～1.45), 3 h后溶液分解率可达30%左右,而SB粉连续循环使用3次所得产物的孔容和比表面积分别达到0.84 cm3/g和213.6 m2/g, Na2O含量在0.3%以下,部分性质甚至超过了SB粉的技术指标. 该方法为从廉价的铝酸钠溶液制备高附加值的拟薄水铝石提供了一条新的可供选择的路径.     

金属基体上铝溶胶涂层的制备

 以拟薄水铝石为原料,采用HNO3胶溶法制备了铝溶胶,研究了制备条件对胶体性质的影响. 结果表明,拟薄水铝石的含量和HNO3的加入量是影响胶体粒度大小、粒径分布以及胶体稳定性的重要因素. 当拟薄水铝石的含量为4.5%~5.5%、酸加入量为［H+］/［AlOOH］=0.08~0.1(摩尔比)时,可以得到颗粒度小(平均粒径≤19.3 nm),粒径分布范围窄(4.1~53 nm)和稳定性好的胶体溶液. 以该胶体为过渡涂层涂覆在金属基体上. 在能形成稳定胶体的前提下,酸度相同时,胶体的浓度越大,粘度越大,涂覆到基体上的量就越多; 但是过渡涂层的牢固度似乎与胶体的浓度关系不大. 金属基体的前处理条件也是一个重要的因素,它不仅影响过渡层的涂覆量,也影响涂层的牢固度.     

镁铝氢氧化物正电溶胶的制备

对镁铝氢氧化物制备的反应条件进行了研究，结果表明：溶胶中镁铝比随混合溶液中镁铝比的增加而增加到一极限值(Mg/Al=2)。随着制备时的镁铝比的增加，溶胶的固含量增加，其产率下降，但ζ电位先上升而后下降。在溶液中镁铝比大于2∶1时，溶胶中只有镁铝氢氧化物。随温度的升高，在胶溶过程中颗粒增大，为六角片状微晶。     

用纳米拟薄水铝石溶胶凝胶方法制备YAG∶Ce白光二极管荧光体

用纳米拟薄水铝石颗粒的胶溶的改进溶胶-凝胶法制备了亚微米尺度的YAG∶Ce荧光体。实验发现,在1000℃干凝胶粉开始出现YAG相,在相对较低的1400℃灼烧温度下得到纯相。由于纳米尺度氧化铝颗粒的籽晶成核效应对制备各步骤的贡献,得到在1~3μm之间的较小的荧光体颗粒。在1400℃下得到的荧光体的激发和发射光谱均符合与白光二极管的荧光体的光谱要求。     

活性氧化铝孔结构的控制

研究了pH值交替变动、水热处理以及表面活性剂对活性氧化铝孔结构的影响。实验结果表明：pH值交替变动可以制备出结晶度高，晶粒大且均匀的拟薄水铝石；水热处理有利于氧化铝结构内铝原子迁移，促进晶粒进一步增长；而表面活性剂能够插入拟薄水铝石层间，减少焙烧过程中层间坍塌和毛细孔收缩，从而有效调控氧化铝孔结构。其中pH值交替变动和水热处理使氧化铝微孔分布向大孔方向迁移，比表面降低；加入表面活性剂使氧化铝微孔分布向小孔方向迁移，比表面增加，制备出了低比表面(≤150 m²·g^-1)和高比表面(≥250 m²·g^-1)的大孔容氧化铝载体。同时对铝原子的配位情况进行考察，发现铝原子主要以四配位和六配位状态存在，加入表面活性剂和水热处理能显著改变四配位铝和六配位铝的比值。     

铝酸钠溶液碳化制备活化氧化铝

考察了铝酸钠溶液碳化法制备活性氧化铝的实验条件。结果表明不同的加料方式，沉淀时ｐＨ值和温度均对产物的物性结构有极大的影响。合适实验条件下，等ｐＨ值加料，变ｐＨ值加料和交替变ｐＨ值加料三种方式都可获得拟薄水铝石沉淀，在一定范围内可通过调节操作参数来控制拟薄水铝石的其它物化性质，如比表面，堆积密度等。     

用纳米拟薄水铝石溶胶凝胶方法制备YAG：Ce白光二极管荧光体

用纳米拟薄水铝石颗粒的胶溶的改进溶胶．凝胶法制备了亚微米尺度的YAG：Ce荧光体。实验发现，在1000℃干凝胶粉开始出现YAG相，在相对较低的1400℃灼烧温度下得到纯相。由于纳米尺度氧化铝颗粒的籽晶成核效应对制备各步骤的贡献，得到在1～3μm之间的较小的荧光体颗粒。在1400℃下得到的荧光体的激发和发射光谱均符合与白光二极管的荧光体的光谱要求。     

过饱和铝酸钠溶液中氢氧化铝自发成核动力学规律的研究

用电导法和吸光光度法首次对苛性比相同的不同浓度过饱和铝酸钠溶液自发分解过程进行了实时跟踪研究,获得铝酸钠溶解氢氧化铝自发成核动力学方程,探索了H₂O和Na⁺对氢氧化铝自发成核过程的影响.结果表明,过饱和铝酸钠溶液分解为氢氧化铝属化学反应控制过程;H₂O参与了溶液分解过程控制步骤的反应;K⁺和Na⁺等阳离子参与了溶液的重构,但对溶液分解的控制步骤影响不大.     

超增溶胶团自组装合成纳米氧化铝

应用超增溶胶团纳米自组装原理,以硝酸铝和尿素为熔盐,聚异丁烯马来酸三乙醇胺为表面活性剂制备超增溶氢氧化铝胶团,然后以氢氧化铝为前躯体合成纳米氧化铝.采用BET、压汞法、SEM、TEM和XRD方法对合成的氧化铝进行表征.结果表明,纳米氧化铝粒子形状为球形体或棒状体,孔道在几十纳米到几百纳米,粒度分布均匀且纯度较高.     

Formation of hydrotalcite in aqueous solutions and intercalation of ATP by anion exchange

The formation reaction and the intercalation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were studied for hydrotalcite (HT), a layered double hydroxide (LDH) of magnesium and aluminum. Hydrotalcite with nitrate ions in the interlayer (HT-NO(3)) was formed (A) by dropwise addition of a solution of magnesium and aluminum nitrates (pH ca. 3) to a sodium hydroxide solution (pH ca. 14) until the pH decreased from 14 to 10 and (B) by dropwise addition of the NaOH solution to the solution of magnesium and aluminum nitrates with pH increasing from 3 to 10. The precipitate obtained with method B was contaminated with aluminum hydroxide and the crystallinity of the product was low, possibly because aluminum hydroxide precipitates at pH 4 or 5 and remains even after HT-NO(3) forms at pH above 8. With method A, however, the precipitate was pure HT-NO(3) with increased crystallinity, since the solubility of aluminum hydroxide at pH above and around 10 is high as dissolved aluminate anions are stable in this high pH region, and there was no aluminum hydroxide contamination. The formed HT-NO(3) had a composition of [Mg(0.71)Al(0.29)(OH)(2)](NO(3))(0.29).0.58H(2)O. To intercalate ATP anions into the HT-NO(3), HT-NO(3) was dispersed in an ATP solution at pH 7. It was found that the interlayer nitrate ions were completely exchanged with ATP anions by ion exchange, and the interlayer distance expanded almost twice with a free space distance of 1.2 nm. The composition of HT-ATP was established as [Mg(0.68)Al(0.32)(OH)(2)](ATP)(0.080)0.88H(2)O. The increased distance could be explained with a calculated molecular configuration of the ATP as follows: An ATP molecule is bound to an interlayer surface with the triphosphate group, the adenosine group bends owing to its bond angles and projects into the interlayer to a height of 1 nm, and the adenosine groups aligned in the interlayer support the interlayer distance.     

ATR-FTIR investigation on the complexation of myo-inositol hexaphosphate with aluminum hydroxide

The adsorption isotherm of and the pH effect on the adsorption of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (myo-IP6) on amorphous aluminum hydroxide was investigated. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of myo-IP6 on aluminum hydroxide could be well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm. The amount of myo-IP6 adsorbed remained almost constant in the range of pH 4.0 to 7.0, but it decreased considerably as the initial pH was over 7. The adsorption of myo-IP6 resulted in an increase in the pH level due to the release of OH(-) ions, which suggested that the adsorption of myo-IP6 on aluminum hydroxide was caused by a ligand exchange reaction. ATR-FTIR analysis of myo-IP6 in solution and adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide at different pH were performed. The ATR-FTIR investigation indicated that myo-IP6 was adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide by forming inner-sphere complexes and adsorption facilitated the deprotonation of phosphate groups. The asymmetric vibration of the PO bond in AlPO(-)(3) appearing at a lower frequency than that in the terminal HPO(-)(3) indicated that Al bound to the O atom not as strongly as the H atom did. The ATR-FTIR investigation and theoretical calculation (with the Gaussian 03 program) revealed that three of the six phosphate groups in myo-IP6 molecules were bound to aluminum hydroxide while the other three remained free when myo-IP6 was adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.     

过饱和铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究现状*

过饱和铝酸钠溶液分解是氧化铝生产过机理的研究是氧化铝生产过程的重要基础问题.本文对过饱和铝酸钠溶液中铝酸根离子存在的基本形态,浓度、苛性比和阳离子对铝酸钠溶液结构性质的影响,溶液中多种铝酸根离子平衡与转化规律,以及铝酸钠溶液分解机理研究的现状进行了总结和评述;分析了现有铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究的不足;围绕强化氧化铝生产中铝酸钠溶液分解过程的目的,提出了铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究的重点.     

Removal of phosphate by aluminum oxide hydroxide

The development and manufacture of an adsorbent to remove phosphate ion for the prevention of eutrophication in lakes are very important. The characteristics of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide were investigated to estimate the adsorption isotherms, the rate of adsorption, and the selectivity of adsorption. Phosphate was easily adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide, because of the hydroxyl groups. The adsorption of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was influenced by pH in solution: the amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 4, ranging with pH from 2 to 9. The optimum pH for phosphate removal by aluminum oxide hydroxide is 4. The selectivity of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was evaluated based on the amount of phosphate ion adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide from several anion complex solutions. It is phosphate that aluminum oxide hydroxide can selectively adsorb. The selectivity of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was about 7000 times that of chloride. This result indicated that the hydroxyl groups on aluminum oxide hydroxide have selective adsorptivity for phosphate and could be used for the removal of phosphate from seawater.     

Preparation and Thermal Decomposition of Synthetic Bayerite

The formation process of bayerite, from an aqueous solution of sodium aluminate through enforced decomposition of aluminate ions by introducing CO₂ gas and aging with mechanical stirring, was investigated by pH measurements of the mother solution during preparation reaction and characterization of precipitates obtained at various stages of preparation. An amorphous precipitate, produced initially by the reaction of introduced CO₂, transformed to bayerite via pseudoboehmite during aging. It was found that the crystalline particle size and morphology of the crystallized bayerite change depending systematically on the preparation conditions. The reaction pathway of the thermal decomposition of the synthesized bayerite was investigated by using thermoanalytical techniques. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The use of alumatrane for the preparation of high‐surface‐area nickel aluminate and its activity for CO oxidation

Supported nickel has been used in a wide range of applications for industrial reactions, such as steam reforming, hydrogenation and methanation. In this work, nickel aluminate was prepared by the sol–gel process using alumatrane as the alkoxide precursor, directly synthesized from the reaction of inexpensive and available compounds, aluminum hydroxide and TIS (triisopropanolamine) via the oxide one pot synthesis (OOPS) process. Various conditions of the sol–gel process, such as pH, calcination temperature, hydrolysis ratio and ratio of nickel to aluminum, were studied. All samples were characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD, TPR, DR‐UV and BET. The BET surface area was in the range of 340–450 m²/g at the calcination temperature of 500 °C with a mesoporous pore size distribution. Catalyst activity testing in CO oxidation reaction depended on Ni:Al ratio and calcination temperature. Higher activity was obtained from higher Ni content and lower calcination temperature. In addition, catalysts prepared using alumatrane precursor had higher percentage conversion than those prepared using aluminum hydroxide precursor. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new aluminum hydroxide octamer, [Al8(OH)14(H2O)18](SO4)5 x 16H2O

A new aluminum hydroxide cluster with eight Al(III) ions linked together by a series of hydroxyl bridges as a sulfate salt has been synthesized from aqueous solution and characterized by X-ray crystallography and 27Al NMR spectroscopy.     

负载8-羟基喹啉聚酰胺棉纤维树脂对铝的吸附及应用

铝盐是工业生产及城市给水处理中广泛使用的无机盐,随废水排入江河中,造成水体污染。已经证实铝与老年痴呆症和甲状腺亢进等疾病有关,过多摄入还会导致人体免疫力下降,小儿智力低下及行为异常[1]。因此,我国在新制订的《城市供水行业2000年技术进步发展规划》中,将铝列为常规监     

Potentiometric titration of hydroxide,aluminate and carbonate in sodium aluminate solutions

An automated potentiometric titration of hydroxide, aluminate and carbonate in sodium aluminate solutions is described. The addition of barium chloride before titration with hydrochloric acid enables the three components to be determined in one run, involving neutralization of hydroxide, protonation of aluminate and dissolution of barium carbonate. The accuracy and precision of the method are satisfactory for a rapid method used for control of aluminum oxide production.     

Nature, structure and strength of the acidic sites of amorphous silica alumina: an IR and NMR study

IR spectroscopy of probe molecules (pyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and CO) as well as high-resolution solid state NMR and especially double-resonance experiments give a new insight into the acidic sites of amorphous silica alumina (ASA). ASA samples are heterogeneous compounds that contain a silica alumina mixed phase as well as aluminum clusters and pure silica zones. The distribution of various forms depends both on the preparation method and on the Si/Al ratio. Formation of mixed phase leads to the creation of acidic hydroxyl groups of various strength, up to that present in dealuminated HY zeolite. Detailed spectroscopic analyses show that these acidic OH groups correspond to the silanol groups located in close vicinity to an Al atom in tetrahedral environment. The strength of the acidity of the OH species of ASA could be modified both by the location of the vicinal Al atom on the surface or in the bulk and by the number of aluminum atoms in the vicinity of silanol group. Cogelification of high silica-containing ASA appears as the best mean to prepare homogeneous amorphous aluminosilicate, which exhibits the strongest Br?nsted acidity.