CO_2共聚物为基的新型聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

本文报道一类以ＣＯ＿２共聚物为基的新型聚碳酸亚丙酯聚氨酯（ＰＰＣＰＵ）弹性体。探讨了这类弹性体的最佳台成方法．讨论了不同配比，不同的扩链交联剂对弹性体的力学性能的影响。研究了弹性体的热性能及耐水性与不同配比的依赖关系。发现控制适当的配比．能获得耐水住能和耐热性能良好的弹性体。     

高聚物各种平均相对分子质量的绝对测定——GPC和特性粘数法

从ＧＰＣ数据和特性粘数能较准确迅速求出高聚物的数均、粘均、重均、Ｚ查对分子后进琢相对分子质量与特性粘数关联参数。该方法经聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯验证后，用其表征了聚碳酸亚乙酯（ＰＥＣ）和聚碳酸亚丙酯（ＰＰＣ）。     

FTIR研究聚碳酸亚丙酯型聚氨酯反应动力学

脂肪族聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯大多是由酯交换或环状碳酸酯开环聚合而得的聚碳酸酯合成的，直接用ＣＯ２共聚物合成聚氨酯弹性体的报道很少。本文采用阴离子配位络合的方法，通过调节聚合，以ＣＯ２与环氧丙烷为单体合成了分子量、官能度可调节的端羟基聚碳酸亚丙酯（ＰＰＣ），...     

聚碳酸亚丙酯-聚醚聚氨酯的合成与性能

本文报道用CO2与环氧丙烷共聚产物聚碳酸亚丙酯和环氧丙烷均聚物来制备聚氨酯（PPCPOPU）弹性体。探讨了这类弹性体的最佳合成方法，考察了异氰酸酯基与羟基的比值；扩链交联剂用量等因素对弹性体的力学性能的影响。研究了弹性体的形态结构及其性能对配比的依赖关系。发现聚碳酸亚丙酯的耐热性因聚氨酯的形成而得到较大的改善，并发现该类弹性体具有优异的耐水性能。     

从GPC和特性粘数计算高聚物各种平均相对分子质量的新方法

聚合物相对分子质量表征问题可以从ＧＰＣ数据和特性粘数较可靠地迅速解决，同时求出其烽均、粘均、重均，动力学平均相对分子质量及相对分子质量－特性粘数关联参数。为些须对以往方法作较大的改进，其关键是用迭代法进行特性粘数与相对分子质量的关联。方法经用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯验证后用于聚碳酸亚乙酯（ＰＥＣ）和聚碳酸亚丙酯（ＰＰＣ）分别得到关系式。     

聚碳酸亚丙亚乙酯的合成和生物降解

由ＣＯ２和环氧丙烷的催化共聚制备了聚碳酸亚雨酯（ＰＰＣ），向ＰＰＣ引入环氧乙烷结构单元得到聚碳酸亚西亚乙酯（ＰＰＥＣ），用１ＨＮＭＲ等进行了结构表征，并用土埋法进行了生物降解性能的测定，结果表明ＰＰＣ仅在分子量很低时才具备显著的生物降解性能；而ＰＰＥＣ的生物降解速度高于分子量相近的ＰＰＣ．此外，土埋三月后共聚物的组成和分子量都保持基本不变，表明实验条件下生物降解主要在聚合物的表面进行．     

可生物降解聚碳酸亚丙酯丁内酯微囊的制备

可生物降解聚碳酸亚丙酯丁内酯微囊的制备;聚碳酸亚丙酯丁内酯;γ-丁内酯;可降解微囊     

聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的碱催化水解研究

研究了高分子量聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的碱催化水解反应,并通过核磁共振谱仪和气相色谱质谱联用仪对降解反应产物的解析,发现碱催化聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯水解是无规断链反应和解拉链反应共同作用的结果.结果表明高分子量聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的碱催化水解是制备低分子量聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的方法之一.     

从二氧化碳和环氧丙烷及异氰酸酯合成聚亚氨碳酸酯

研究了二氧化碳，环氧丙烷和异氰酸酯的共聚合反应．并考察了反应条件，异氰酸酯加入量对共聚产率及共聚物的特性粘数、分子量分布及热稳定性的影响．实验发现，引入异氰酸酯具有扩链作用，而引入二异氨酸酯则具有明显的文化交联作用．由共聚物水解试验和光谱研究结果表明，共聚反应生成的是聚亚氨碳酸酯，而不是聚氨基甲酸酯．这种聚亚氨碳酸酯比聚碳酸亚丙酯具有较高的热稳定性．     

高聚物各种平均相对分子质量的绝对测定——GPC和特性粘数法

从GPC数据和特性粘数能较准确迅速求出高聚物的数均、粘均、重均、Z均相对分子质量及相对分子质量与特性粘敷关联参数。该方法经聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯验证后,用其表征了聚碳酸亚乙酯(PEC)和聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)。     

脂肪族聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的研究

用同步法合成了聚碳酸亚丙酯聚氨酶／聚甲基丙烯酸甲醇互穿网络聚合物（PPCPU／PMMA，IPN），调节IPN中两组分配比制备出多种高聚物共混物。用DSC、TEM对IPN的研究结果表明．PPCPU／PMMA之IPN的两组分是互不相容的。同时对各种组成比的IPN材料进行力学性能测试，并用SEM对断面进行了观察，发现IPN的密度大于相应体系体积加和值。     

Poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐based bionanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal for potential application as a packaging material

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is an aliphatic polycarbonate synthesized from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a type of thermoplastic polyester produced by biological fermentation. The blending of PHB with PPC can effectively enhance the mechanical properties and barrier properties of PPC. Bionanocomposites of PPC/PHB enhanced by cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) are prepared via a two‐step process using polyethylene glycol as a carrier. Results show that the oxygen barrier properties of the composites increased with the increase of the CNC content. When the CNC content is 1 wt%, the oxygen barrier performance increases nearly 18 times. The assumed model can predict the barrier performance of composites with the combined influence of morphology and CNC distribution. This will make PPC/PHB/CNC nanocomposites a very promising degradable material for food packaging application.     

Stereoregular polycarbonate synthesis: Alternating copolymerization of CO2 with aliphatic terminal epoxides catalyzed by multichiral cobalt(III) complexes

Completely stereoregular polycarbonate synthesis was achieved with the use of unsymmetric multichiral cobalt‐based complexes bearing a derived chiral BINOL and an appended 1,5,7‐triabicyclo[4.4.0] dec‐5‐ene as catalyst for the copolymerization of CO₂ and aliphatic terminal epoxides at mild conditions. The (S,S,S)‐Co(III) complex 1c with sterically hindered substituent group is more stereoregular catalyst for the copolymerization of CO₂ and racemic propylene oxide to afford a perfectly regioregular poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with >99% head‐to‐tail linkages, >99% carbonate linkages, and a K_rel of 24.4 for the enchainment of (R)‐epoxide over (S)‐epoxide. The isotactic PPC exhibits an enhanced glass transition temperature of 47 °C, which is 10–12 °C higher than that of the corresponding irregular polycarbonate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.     

Construction of Versatile and Functional Nanostructures Derived from CO2‐based Polycarbonates

The construction of amphiphilic polycarbonates through epoxides/CO₂ coupling is a challenging aim to provide more diverse CO₂‐based functional materials. In this report, we demonstrate the facile preparation of diverse and functional nanoparticles derived from a CO₂‐based triblock polycarbonate system. By the judicious use of water as chain‐transfer reagent in the propylene oxide/CO₂ polymerization, poly(propylene carbonate (PPC) diols are successfully produced and serve as macroinitiators in the subsequent allyl glycidyl ether/CO₂ coupling reaction. The resulting ABA triblock polycarbonate can be further functionalized with various thiols by radical mediated thiol–ene click chemistry, followed by self‐assembly in deionized water to construct a versatile and functional nanostructure system. This class of amphiphilic polycarbonates could embody a powerful platform for biomedical applications.     

Improving thermal stability of biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate by metal ion coordination

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), a typical aliphatic polycarbonate, has attracted much attention during the last two decades due to its biodegradability and commercializing perspective. However, the application of this material as thermoplastics has been limited by its poor thermal stability. Metal soaps, such as calcium stearate (CaSt₂), are important processing additives in plastics industry. In the present work, PPC-CaSt₂ complexes were prepared, the thermal stability of which was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the complexes are more thermal stable than pure PPC material. Supramolecular lamellar mesomorphous structures of the complexes were corroborated by the combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). Metal ion coordination of CaSt₂ to flexible PPC chains was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). This coordination interaction plays the key role in improving the thermal property of PPC and constructing the self-organized structure of the complexes.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(propylene carbonate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites by solution intercalation

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is a new biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate. However, the poor thermal stability and low glass transition temperatures (T_g) have limited its applications. To improve the thermal properties of PPC, organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was mixed with PPC by a solution intercalation method to produce nanocomposites. An intercalated-and-flocculated structure of PPC/OMMT nanocomposites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal and mechanical properties of PPC/OMMT nanocomposites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and electronic tensile tester. Due to the nanometer-sized dispersion of layered silicate in polymer matrix, PPC/OMMT nanocomposites exhibit improved thermal and mechanical properties than pure PPC. When the OMMT content is 4 wt%, the PPC/OMMT nanocomposite shows the best thermal and mechanical properties. These results indicate that nanocomposition is an efficient and convenient method to improve the properties of PPC.     

A Water‐Soluble Polycarbonate With Dimethylamino Pendant Groups Prepared by Enzyme‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Polymerization

A water‐soluble polycarbonate with dimethylamino pendant groups, poly(2‐dimethylaminotrimethylene carbonate) (PDMATC), is synthesized and characterized. First, the six‐membered carbonate monomer, 2‐dimethylaminotrimethylene carbonate (DMATC), is prepared via the cyclization reaction of 2‐(dimethylamino)propane‐1,3‐diol with triphosgene in the presence of triethylamine. Although the attempted ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of DMATC with Sn(Oct)₂ as a catalyst fails, the ROP of DMATC is successfully carried out with Novozym‐435 as a catalyst to give water‐soluble aliphatic polycarbonate PDMATC with low cytotoxicity and good degradability.     

Structure formation of fullerene-containing propylene oxide oligomers in deuterium water

Structure formation of propylene oxide oligomers with terminal hydrophobic aliphatic fragment and of oligo(propylene oxides) additionally containing covalently bonded fullerene C₆₀ in deuterium water was studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Propylene oxide chains containing a long hydrophobic fragment undergo organization into spherical micelles, whereas the fullerene(C₆₀)-containing derivatives form rodlike structures (elongated “chains” of cross-linked micelles).     

Novel Biodegradable Aliphatic Polycarbonate Based on Ketal Protected Dihydroxyacetone

Summary: A novel aliphatic polycarbonate based on ketal protected dihydroxyacetone was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic carbonate monomer, 2,2‐ethylenedioxypropane‐1,3‐diol carbonate (EOPDC), in bulk. Effects of polymerization conditions such as catalysts, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on the polymerization were investigated. The polycarbonate obtained was characterized by GPC, FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and DSC. The study on in vitro degradation of PEOPDC shows that the degradation mainly results from surface erosion.

Synthesis of an aliphatic polycarbonate with a high molecular weight by ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic carbonate monomer EOPDC.