毛细管电色谱技术研究进展

毛细管电色谱是一种新型的微分离技术，它结合了毛细管电泳和高效液相色谱的优点，近年来越来越受到分析化学家的关注。本文介绍了近几年来毛细管电色谱技术取得的最新进展，包括填充柱、开管柱、整体柱电色谱的色谱柱制备技术，压力驱动电色谱技术，毛细管电色谱的检测技术及样品预富集技术，指出了存在的问题并展望了电色谱发展前景。     

《毛细管电色谱及其在生命科学中的应用》新书问世

毛细管电色谱是近年发展起来的一种新型微分离技术，它整合了毛细管电泳与微径柱液相色谱的优点，通过在填充微细颗粒液相色谱填料的微径柱色谱柱两端施加直流高压电场，达到对痕量复杂生物及化学体系样品良好地分离。该书是作者近年来从事毛细管电色谱领域研究的积累和总结，全面介绍了毛细管电色谱基本原理、分离机理和分离行为，各类毛细管柱的制备方法和性能评价，加压毛细管电色谱仪的研制及应用实例。该书可供化学和生物专业研究生和科研人员参考阅读。     

《毛细管电色谱及其在生命科学中的应用》新书问世

毛细管电色谱是近年发展起来的一种新型微分离技术，它整合了毛细管电泳与微径柱液相色谱的优点，通过在填充微细颗粒液相色谱填料的微径柱色谱柱两端施加直流高压电场，达到对痕量复杂生物及化学体系样品良好地分离。该书是作者近年来从事毛细管电色谱领域研究的积累和总结，全面介绍了毛细管电色谱基本原理、分离机理和分离行为，各类毛细管柱的制备方法和性能评价，加压毛细管电色谱仪的研制及应用实例。该书可供化学和生物专业研究生和科研人员参考阅读。     

《毛细管电色谱及其在生命科学中的应用》新书问世

毛细管电色谱是近年发展起来的一种新型微分离技术，它整合了毛细管电泳与微径柱液相色谱的优点，通过在填充微细颗粒液相色谱填料的微径柱色谱柱两端施加直流高压电场，达到对痕量复杂生物及化学体系样品良好地分离。该书是作者近年来从事毛细管电色谱领域研究的积累和总结，全面介绍了毛细管电色谱基本原理、分离机理和分离行为，各类毛细管柱的制备方法和性能评价，加压毛细管电色谱仪的研制及应用实例。该书可供化学和生物专业研究生和科研人员参考阅读。     

使用含离子涂层柱的毛细管电泳和毛细管电色谱的研究进展

 毛细管电色谱是近年发展起来的高效、高选择性的微分离技术。与一般的毛细管电泳和使用ODS反相填料的毛细管电色谱相比 ,含离子涂层柱的毛细管电泳和毛细管电色谱能提供较大且可控的电渗流 ,便于拓宽分离对象 ,优化分离条件。对使用含离子涂层柱的毛细管电泳和电色谱的特点、发展和应用状况进行了综述。     

《毛细管电色谱理论基础》

毛细管电色谱作为一种新型微分离分析技术,其分离过程具有多种机理协同作用的特征。对于毛细管电色谱的理论研究不仅要考虑系统的电属性,还要兼顾溶质的两相分配特征。该书系统地阐述了毛细管电色谱的基本理论,讨论了分离过程中影响峰展宽的因素及其规律。基于作者发展的弛豫理论和唯象的输运过程处理方法,阐述了毛细管电色谱中的动力学和热力学问题,分别就不同的分离模式的选择性规律和柱内富集理论与技术、梯度洗脱的溶质输运特征加以说明。该书可作为从事色谱及毛细管电泳、毛细管电色谱理论及应用研究的科技人员和分析化学专业研究生的…     

《毛细管电色谱理论基础》

毛细管电色谱作为一种新型微分离分析技术,其分离过程具有多种机理协同作用的特征。对于毛细管电色谱的理论研究不仅要考虑系统的电属性,还要兼顾溶质的两相分配特征。该书系统地阐述了毛细管电色谱的基本理论,讨论了分离过程中影响峰展宽的因素及其规律。基于作者发展的弛豫理论和唯象的输运过程处理方法,阐述了毛细管电色谱中的动力学和热力学问题,分别就不同的分离模式的选择性规律和柱内富集理论与技术、梯度洗脱的溶质输运特征加以说明。该书可作为从事色谱及毛细管电泳、毛细管电色谱理论及应用研究的科技人员和分析化学专业研究生的…     

共价有机框架材料在毛细管电色谱中的应用进展

毛细管电色谱(CEC)因兼具高效液相色谱(HPLC)的高选择性和毛细管电泳(CE)的高分离效率而受到越来越多研究者的关注。在毛细管电色谱中,选择合适的固定相材料对获得优异的分离效果起着十分重要的作用。近年来,多种新型材料如氧化石墨烯、蛋白质、金属有机框架(MOFs)及共价有机框架(COFs)等被作为固定相应用于毛细管电色谱领域以期获得更好的分离性能,同时拓展毛细管电色谱的应用范围。其中,COFs因具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、高稳定性、孔径可调和可设计性强等独特性质,在毛细管电色谱领域显示出了巨大的应用前景。鉴于此,本文对2016-2023年间COFs在毛细管电色谱领域的研究进展进行了综述,包括COFs毛细管电色谱柱的分类和制备方法,以及基于COFs固定相的毛细管电色谱技术在环境内分泌干扰物、农药、芳香族化合物、氨基酸及药物分离领域中的应用及分离机理等内容。最后对发展基于COFs固定相的毛细管电色谱应努力解决的问题和该技术未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

《毛细管电色谱理论基础》

毛细管电色谱作为一种新型微分离分析技术,其分离过程具有多种机理协同作用的特征。对于毛细管电色谱的理论研究不仅要考虑系统的电属性,还要兼顾溶质的两相分配特征。该书系统地阐述了毛细管电色谱的基本理论,讨论了分离过程中影响峰展宽的因素及其规律。基于作者发展的弛豫理     

《毛细管电色谱及其在生命科学中的应用》新书问世

毛细管电色谱是近年发展起来的一种新型微分离技术，它整合了毛细管电泳与微径柱液相色谱的优点，通过在填充微细颗粒液相色谱填料的微径柱色谱柱两端施加直流高压电场，达到对痕量复杂生物及化学体系样品良好地分离。     

Applications of capillary electrochromatography

Applications performed by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) in all its modes, namely packed column CEC (packed-CEC), open tubular CEC (OT-CEC) and pressure-assisted CEC (pseudo-CEC), and published by June 1999 are reviewed. The review is divided into (i) separation of neutral, acidic and basic analytes with the main goal of evaluating column and system performance, (ii) separation according to field of application and/or chemical class, and (iii) separation of chiral analytes.     

毛细管电色谱联用技术的研究进展

毛细管电色谱(CEC)作为一种新型微柱分离技术,具有高效、高选择性、高分辨率和快速分离等特点。由于CEC进样体积通常为纳升级,所以对检测系统的高灵敏检测提出了很高的要求。当前,发展CEC与各种高灵敏检测器的联用已成为CEC研究中最活跃的方向之一。本文简要介绍了CEC研究的发展历程,系统综述了CEC与各类检测器联用技术及其在复杂样品分离分析中应用的最新进展,并对CEC联用技术的前景进行了展望。引用文献141篇。     

Advances in column technology and instrumentation in capillary electrochromatography

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is an emerging technique gaining increased interest. Improvement of instrumentation and column technology will be of prime importance for the further development of this technique and its use in validated methods. In this paper, developments in column technology and instrumentation for CEC are reviewed with emphasis on developments within the last 3 years. Attention is directed to the employment of stationary phases specifically designed for CEC, the use of soft and rigid gels in place of packings, fritless packed capillaries, column dimensions, the optimization of injection and detection parameters, and gradient elution CEC.     

Enantioselective capillary electrochromatography: recent developments and new trends

Since its development in the early 1970s, CEC has been studied quite extensively, but unfortunately its use is still mostly located at an academic level. Reasons for this are the limited availability of commercially available stationary phases (SPs) and columns, along with some practical limitations, such as column fragility, lack of column robustness and reproducibility. Nevertheless, CEC maintains a place among the separation techniques, probably because of its unique feature to combine two separation principles. Also in the field of chiral separations, CEC is often used as a separation technique and already showed its potential for this kind of analyses. This overview will focus on the recent applications, i.e. between 2006 and 2010, in enantioselective analysis by means of CEC. For the selected applications, the used SPs (chiral selectors) and their potential for future method development or screening purposes will be evaluated and critically discussed.     

Fritless capillary electrochromatography

The preparation of packed capillaries with stable frits of good quality can be a hurdle to obtain efficient separations in capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Especially with particles smaller than 3 microm, frit preparation is cumbersome. Highly efficient separations using packed capillaries without frits are presented. Under appropriate CEC conditions the particles were retained by electrophoretic attraction towards the anode by a tapered capillary inlet, without the need of a frit at the outlet end. Such fritless capillaries, packed with 1.5 microm nonporous reversed-phase particles, allowed separations with efficiencies of more than 500,000 plates/m. Once the capillaries were conditioned properly, more than 100 separations could be performed with good repeatability. With respect to separation efficiency, fritless capillaries packed with 3 microm particles were comparable with standard CEC capillaries with frits. Examples of separations of steroids, a pesticide and its by-products, and cardiac glycosides under various CEC conditions are shown.     

Capillary electrochromatography of peptides and proteins

This paper reviews recent progress in bioanalysis using capillary electrochromatography (CEC), especially in the field of separation of proteins and peptides. Fundamentals of CEC are briefly discussed. Since most of the recent developments on CEC have focused on column technology, i.e., design of new stationary phases and development of new column configurations, we describe here a variety of column architectures along with their advantages and disadvantages. Newly emerged column technologies in CEC for high speed and high efficiency separation are also discussed. Different analytical platforms of CEC such as pressure-assisted CEC or voltage-assisted micro- high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), CEC with different detection techniques, CEC on microchip platforms and multidimensional electrochromatography with their applications in peptide and protein analysis are presented.     

Capillary electrochromatography of peptides and proteins

This review surveys the accomplishments in the separation of peptides and proteins by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) over the last decade. A significant number of research articles have been published on this topic since the last review. Peptide and proteins separations have been carried out in all three formats of CEC, i.e., packed bed, continuous bed and open-tubular (OT) format. In addition to electrophoresis, different chromatographic modes have been successfully exploited with the most prevalent being reversed-phase mode followed by ion-exchange. Although many researchers continue to use model proteins and peptides primarily to evaluate the performance of novel stationary phases some researchers have also applied CEC to the analysis of real-life samples. The potential of CEC to yield complementary information and sometimes a superior separation with respect to established techniques, i.e., microbore HPLC and capillary electrophoresis has been demonstrated. Instrumental modifications in order to facilitate coupling of CEC to mass spectrometry have further upgraded the value of CEC for proteomic analysis. Capillaries are still the separation vehicle of choice for most researchers yet the microfluidic platform is gaining momentum, propelled particularly by its potential for multitasking, e.g., performing different chromatographic modes in series.     

Adsorption and characteristics of base-treated pillared clays

The effect of base treatment on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of pillared clays and their adsorption isotherms for Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Pb²⁺ have been investigated. Results indicate that although the CEC of pillared clays are only about 15% of that of the parent clays, a large fraction of the native clays CEC may be recovered by treatment with base. The fraction of the CEC recovered depends upon the base strength, its concentration, and the temperature. Contrary to previous suggestions the mechanism of recovery is related to the destruction of pillars which is accompanied by the loss of surface area. It is possible under conditions specified to prepare these base treated pillared clays as a new class of useful, regenerable adsorbent for heavy metal adsorption from aqueous solution.     

Capillary electroendoosmotic chromatography of peptides

This review focuses on the current state of peptide separation by capillary electroendoosmotic chromatography (CEC). When carried out under optimised conditions, peptide separation by CEC methods represents an orthogonal and complementary technique to micro-HPLC (micro-HPLC) and high-performance capillary zone electrophoresis (HPCZE). The origin of the selectivity differences that can be achieved with these three separation techniques (CEC, micro-HPLC and HPCZE), respectively are discussed, and the current limits of performance with CEC methods documented. Peptide separations by CEC methods with n-alkyl bonded silicas or mixed-mode phases are also illustrated. The development of different variants of CEC and pressurised CEC (also commonly referred to in the literature as electrically-assisted micro-HPLC) are examined. The potential of coupling CEC systems to mass spectrometers for real-time analyses of peptides or protein digests has been examined. Several future directions for the application of this technique in phenotype/proteomic and zeomic mapping of naturally occurring peptides and proteins are highlighted.     

Capillary electrochromatography with physically and dynamically absorbed stationary phases

Adsorption is always considered a troublesome effect in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). However, the adsorption effect can also be exploited to prepare or optimize the stationary phase in CEC. Compared with the chemical synthesis of new stationary phase materials for CEC, this method is simpler and more convenient. This review is focused on CEC with physically and dynamically adsorbed stationary phases. Separation of some acidic, basic and neutral solutes as well as enantiomers in CEC with dynamically adsorbed stationary phases are presented. The theory for the migration of charged solutes and the stationary phases currently used in CEC are also briefly reviewed.