共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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阐明了van der Waals状态方程与溶液理论间的密切关系。由van der Waals状态方程中的内压力和自由体积简捷地导得Scatchard-Hildebrand正规溶液理论、无热溶液理论和Flory-Huggins聚合物溶液理论。表明这些理论都是建立在van der Waals流体的基础上,为进一步改进这些理论提供了一条切实可行的思路。 相似文献
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路径积分方法计算聚合物溶液热力学性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了把聚合物溶液的自由能分解为 3部分 ,平动部分、构象部分和热修正项部分 .其中后两部分具有相对于链段的可加性 ,在引入了“有效浓度”的概念后可以用路径积分方法计算 .当采用体积分数代替有效浓度时 ,就回到了李晓毅和赵得禄的溶液理论 .还利用本理论研究了不同分子量聚苯乙烯 环己烷体系的相分离曲线 ,同Flory Huggins(FH)理论相比 ,大大提高了同实验数据的符合程度 相似文献
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在高分子溶液理论中引入Gibbs分布 ,用统计物理学方法重新推导出了聚合物溶液的热力学公式 .将高分子溶液的自由能和熵分三部分进行了计算 ,无热平动部分 ,无热构象部分和构象有热部分 .无热平动自由能和无热构象自由能分别等于Flory Huggins混合自由能公式的前两项 ,构象有热部分引入了Gibbs分布 ,考虑了链段 溶剂分子相互作用对高分子构象的影响 .在分子间的相互作用足够小时 ,又回到了FH公式 相似文献
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大量的文献报道了聚合物溶液体系中聚合物玻璃化转变温度(Tg)与组成之间的关系,这些理论公式大多是基于经典热力学理论,自由体积等理论得到的,这些结果在一些聚合物溶液体系中与实验结果是符合的.在一些聚合物-溶剂体系中,Tg与组成的关系之间出现了反常的"cusp"点,两个玻璃化温度等现象,部分理论值与预测值出现较大偏差,可以用自由体积理论和自聚集理论加以定性的解释.但是依然缺乏普遍的理论来解释和预测上面现象的发生,需要进一步完善和发展聚合物溶液体系中玻璃化转变温度与组成之间的关系. 相似文献
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直接计数法模拟聚合物链自由能赵得禄,周学东(中国科学院化学研究所北京100083关键词模拟计算,构象熵,自由能在高分子溶液和共混体系的模拟中,体系的自由能和熵的计算是一个长期未解决的问题.近年来我们建立了链构象的统计计数法,用来计算高分子无热体系的构... 相似文献
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溶剂在高分子中的扩散系数-Vrentas-Duda模型及其发展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
自由体积理论是描述高分子材料中低分子量溶剂扩散现象的有效工具,以此为基础的Vrentas-Duda模型中多数参数不需要扩散实验测量,可以通过分子性质独立确定,对渗透物的扩散行为具有可预测性。综述了Vrentas-Duda自由体积理论的发展和修正情况,分析其对建立预测型溶剂扩散系数模型的贡献,为从分子基团水平上探索溶剂扩散现象奠定基础。 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1989,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988. 相似文献
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利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。 相似文献
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由于石化行业的生产需要,其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性,经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识,根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集,实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展,并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。 相似文献
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Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene
Voloshyna Yu. G. Pertko O. P. Patrylak L. K. 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2019,54(6):395-400
Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity... 相似文献
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Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin
E. I. Kapinus V. A. Ganzha B. M. Dzhagarov E. I. Sagun V. B. Pavlenko 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》1989,25(2):146-151
The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989. 相似文献
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The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted
indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator
model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was
established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing
analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997. 相似文献
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Kopranenkov V. N. Makarova E. A. Dashkevich S. N. Luk'yanets E. A. 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》1982,18(11):1218-1218
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds - 相似文献