水介质中Sm/BiCl~3体系促进下高烯丙基胺的合成

在THF-H~2O(4/1)介质中,Sm/BiCl~3体系促进烯丙基溴与1-(α-胺烷基)-苯并三氮唑反应,生成高烯丙基胺。反应条件中性温和,水介质操作方便,提供了合成高烯丙基胺的一条新的途径。     

C_（60）与含烯丙基胺聚合物加成物的荧光行为

Ｃ_（６０）与含烯丙基胺聚合物加成物的荧光行为田慧洁，陈立桅，姚光庆，金朝霞，李福绵（北京大学化学系北京１００８７１）关键词脂肪胺，Ｃ_（６０），聚烯丙基胺，荧光Ｃ６０是一高度对称的笼状碳簇分子，室温下难以观察到荧光现象［１］，但我们发现它与聚烯丙基胺...     

铟参与的4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯与a-烷氧基醛亚胺的烯丙化反应:4,4,4-三氟-y-羟基缬氨酸的合成

铟参与的4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯与a-烷氧基醛亚胺的烯丙化反应以中等的产率和高非对映选择性生成了高烯丙基胺3.从甘油醛亚胺和4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯反应制备的高烯丙基胺3g出发,以7步反应24%的总产率合成了4,4,4-三氟-y-羟基缬氨酸11.     

一种不含β-氢的苯并噁嗪的表征分析及催化固化研究

以邻烯丙基双酚A、多聚甲醛和烯丙基胺为原料，采用无溶剂的方法合成了一种不含β-氢的苯并噁嗪(2，2-二(3，8-二烯丙基-3，4-二氢-2H-1，3-苯并噁嗪)-丙烷(B—dbo)．GPC和元素分析结果表明，此噁嗪中间体主要是单量体和二聚体．用FTIR和^1H NMR对中间体结构进行了表征．结果表明，此苯并噁嗪的分子结构中存在三种反应官能团：噁嗪环、N-烯丙基、Ar-烯丙基．用DSC和FTIR研究三种反应基团在固化时的反应情况．将双酚A、邻烯丙基双酚A、TiCl4和PCl5作为催化剂按适量的比例加入B—dbo中，用DSC研究其固化行为，并对TiCl4催化试样在不同的固化温度下进行FTIR测试分析，提出在TiCl4催化下苯并噁嗪环副反应及开环固化机理．     

铟参与的4-溴-1，1，1-三氟-2-丁烯与α-烷氧基醛亚胺的烯丙化反应：4，4，4-三氟-γ-羟基缬氨酸的合成

铟参与的4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯与α-烷氧基醛亚胺的烯丙化反应以中等的产率和高非对映选择性生成了高烯丙基胺3.从甘油醛亚胺和4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯反应制备的高烯丙基胺3g出发,以7步反应24%的总产率合成了4,4,4-三氟-γ-羟基缬氨酸11.     

聚—γ—N—（β—丁硫基乙基）胺丙基硅氧烷钯络合物的合成及其催化性…

报导了聚－γ－Ｎ－（β）丁硫基乙基）胺丙基硅氧烷和氯化钯的反应，得到固载在二氧化硅上的聚－γ－Ｎ－（β丁硫基乙基）胺丙基硅氧烷钯络合物，并用ＸＰＳ研究其结构。选用硝基苯，烯丙基环氧丙基醚，烯丙基苯基醚，丙烯腈，烯丙基苯，苯乙烯，环己烯及丁烯等８种底物进行催化加氢，以评价其催化活性。     

钯催化的肉桂基碳酸酯化合物与酰腙的烯丙基胺化反应

烯丙基胺结构单元广泛存在于天然产物、药物和功能材料分子中,另外烯丙基胺衍生物也是一类重要的有机合成子.实现了钯催化的肉桂基碳酸酯化合物和酰腙化合物的烯丙基胺化反应,高选择性地生成了线型烯丙基胺类化合物,产率高达99%.该方法具有不需要加碱、条件温和、操作简单、底物适应范围广等优点.     

聚-γ-N-(β-丁硫基乙基)胺丙基硅氧烷钯络合物的合成及其催化性能的研究

报导了聚－γ－Ｎ－（β－丁硫基乙基）胺丙基硅氧烷和氯化钯的反应，得到固载在二氧化硅上的聚－γ－Ｎ－（β－丁硫基乙基）胺丙基硅氧烷钯络合物，并用ＸＰＳ研究其结构．选用硝基苯、烯丙基环氧丙基醚、烯丙基苯基醚、丙烯腈、烯丙基苯、苯乙烯、环己烯及丁烯等８种底物进行催化加氢，以评价其催化活性．结果表明，该催化剂催化效果良好，并且有很好的稳定性．     

手性烯丙基胺的合成进展

综述了近年来手性烯丙基胺的合成进展, 重点介绍了催化剂配体对化学选择性和对映选择性的影响, 并阐述了各种类型的反应机理.手性; 烯丙基胺; 催化     

二价钯催化的α或β联烯胺与烯丙基溴的偶联环化反应的研究

官能团化的联烯在过渡金属钯物种催化下的偶联环化反应作为一种有效的合成含氮、氧杂环的方法已经受到越来越多的重视[1].但是,联烯胺与烯丙基溴的偶联环化反应还没有被深入的研究过.我们组对钯催化下联烯醇与烯丙基溴的反应进行了一些研究[2],并基于此进行了联烯胺与烯丙基溴的偶联环化反应的研究.我们经过研究发现,可以通过二价钯催化,高效地经由α或β联烯胺与烯丙基溴的反应得到2,5-二氢吡咯或1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶类化合物,并且经过研究证明反应是通过二价钯的催化循环历程进行的.     

Selective N-alkylation of amines using nitriles under hydrogenation conditions: facile synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines

Nitriles were found to be highly effective alkylating reagents for the selective N-alkylation of amines under catalytic hydrogenation conditions. For the aromatic primary amines, the corresponding secondary amines were selectively obtained under Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions. Although the use of electron poor aromatic amines or bulky nitriles showed a lower reactivity toward the reductive alkylation, the addition of NH(4)OAc enhanced the reactivity to give secondary aromatic amines in good to excellent yields. Under the same reaction conditions, aromatic nitro compounds instead of the aromatic primary amines could be directly transformed into secondary amines via a domino reaction involving the one-pot hydrogenation of the nitro group and the reductive alkylation of the amines. While aliphatic amines were effectively converted to the corresponding tertiary amines under Pd/C-catalyzed conditions, Rh/C was a highly effective catalyst for the N-monoalkylation of aliphatic primary amines without over-alkylation to the tertiary amines. Furthermore, the combination of the Rh/C-catalyzed N-monoalkylation of the aliphatic primary amines and additional Pd/C-catalyzed alkylation of the resulting secondary aliphatic amines could selectively prepare aliphatic tertiary amines possessing three different alkyl groups. According to the mechanistic studies, it seems reasonable to conclude that nitriles were reduced to aldimines before the nucleophilic attack of the amine during the first step of the reaction.     

胺及其衍生物的非酰基化动力学拆分

光学纯胺在合成与药物化学领域都有着广泛的应用,发展其高效的合成方法一直以来是有机化学界的研究热点.其中通过N酰基化及去酰基化动力学拆分方法获得光学纯胺化合物,已经成为合成手性胺类化合物的重要方法.近年来,基于非酰基化(或去酰基化)的不对称反应实现外消旋胺的动力学拆分的报道不断涌现,包括一些氨基不参与反应的非酰基化(或去酰基化)不对称反应的外消旋胺的动力学拆分.根据氮原子是否参与反应以及反应类型的不同,总结了外消旋胺的化学催化动力学拆分的研究进展.     

Chemoselective organocatalytic aerobic oxidation of primary amines to secondary imines

Biomimetic aerobic oxidation of primary benzylic amines has been achieved by using a quinone catalyst. Excellent selectivity is observed for primary, unbranched benzylic amines relative to secondary/tertiary amines, branched benzylic amines, and aliphatic amines. The exquisite selectivity for benzylic amines enables oxidative self-sorting within dynamic mixtures of amines and imines to afford high yields of cross-coupled imine products.     

General and efficient synthesis of arylamino- and alkylamino-substituted diphenylporphyrins and tetraphenylporphyrins via palladium-catalyzed multiple amination reactions

A series of arylamino- and alkylamino-substituted diphenylporphyrins and tetraphenylporphyrins were efficiently synthesized by reactions of brominated porphyrin precursors with amines via palladium-catalyzed amination. The multiple amination reactions are general and suitable for a variety of amines, affording the desired aminoporphyrins in good to excellent yields. Examples include aromatic and aliphatic amines, primary and secondary amines, electron-rich, -neutral, and -poor amines as well as heteroaromatic amines and imines.     

Thermometric titrations of amines with nitrosyl perchlorate in acetonitrile solvent

Thirteen aliphatic and four aromatic amines, namely diethylamine, triethylamine, n-propylamine, di-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, isopropylamine, di-isopropylamine, n-butylamine, di-n-butylamine, tri-n-butylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, aniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, 2-nitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline were titrated thermometrically with nitrosyl perchlorate in acetonitrile solvent. All the aliphatic amines gave very well-shaped thermometric titration curves. The calculated recovery values of the amines were very good. In comparison, the aromatic amines, aniline and N,N-dimethylaniline gave rather well-shaped titration curves, but the recovery values were fairly low. 2-Nitro- and 4-nitro anilines gave no thermometric response at all. The heats of reaction of the amines with nitrosyl perchlorate are rather high. However, the average heat of reaction of the aromatic amines is approximately two-thirds that of the average heat of the aliphatic amines. To support this method all the amines were also titrated potentiometrically and very similar results to those obtained with the thermometric method are seen. The nitrosyl ion is a Lewis acid, strong enough to titrate quantitatively aliphatic amines in acetonitrile solvent, but not strong enough to titrate aromatic amines at the required level in the same solvent.     

Cesium effect: high chemoselectivity in direct N-alkylation of amines

A novel method for the mono-N-alkylation of primary amines, diamines, and polyamines was developed using cesium bases in order to prepare secondary amines efficiently. A cesium base not only promoted alkylation of primary amines but also suppressed overalkylations of the produced secondary amines. Various amines, alkyl bromides, and alkyl sulfonates were examined, and the results demonstrated this methodology was highly chemoselective to favor mono-N-alkylation over dialkylation. In particular, use of either sterically demanding substrates or amino acid derivatives afforded the secondary amines exclusively, offering wide applications in peptidomimetic syntheses.     

Direct N-alkylation of amines with alcohols using AlCl3 as a Lewis acid

A substitution reaction of amines with alcohols for N-alkylated amines has been developed using inexpensive AlCl_3 without any ligand or additive.Either aromatic or aliphatic amines and primary or secondary alcohols perform the AlCl_3-mediated reaction smoothly to afford various N-alkylated amines in satisfactory yields.     

Development of a General Non‐Noble Metal Catalyst for the Benign Amination of Alcohols with Amines and Ammonia

The N‐alkylation of amines or ammonia with alcohols is a valuable route for the synthesis of N‐alkyl amines. However, as a potentially clean and economic choice for N‐alkyl amine synthesis, non‐noble metal catalysts with high activity and good selectivity are rarely reported. Normally, they are severely limited due to low activity and poor generality. Herein, a simple NiCuFeO_x catalyst was designed and prepared for the N‐alkylation of ammonia or amines with alcohol or primary amines. N‐alkyl amines with various structures were successfully synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in the absence of organic ligands and bases. Typically, primary amines could be efficiently transformed into secondary amines and N‐heterocyclic compounds, and secondary amines could be N‐alkylated to synthesize tertiary amines. Note that primary and secondary amines could be produced through a one‐pot reaction of ammonia and alcohols. In addition to excellent catalytic performance, the catalyst itself possesses outstanding superiority, that is, it is air and moisture stable. Moreover, the magnetic property of this catalyst makes it easily separable from the reaction mixture and it could be recovered and reused for several runs without obvious deactivation.     

Blue Chitin Columns for the Extraction of Heterocyclic Amines from Urine Samples

During normal cooking of meat, a class of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds called heterocyclic amines is formed. Heterocyclic amines are rapidly absorbed and metabolised in the human body, and for estimation of the intake of heterocyclic amines, it is useful to determinate their levels in the urine. Blue Chitin columns were used for the extraction and purification of heterocyclic amines from urine samples spiked with 14 different heterocyclic amines. The samples were analysed using LC-MS. The results show that Blue Chitin columns provide a straightforward and rapid means of extracting heterocyclic amines from urine samples, and that Blue Chitin column are also useful in the purification of urinary metabolites.     

Reactions of the carbonate radical with aliphatic amines

Carbonate radicals react with aliphatic amines by a dual mechanism, viz. (i) hydrogen abstraction and (ii) electron transfer. The former is more probable with primary amines. Tertiary amines react via electron transfer. Both mechanisms may operate in secondary amines. Cyclic tertiary amines react with different rates and their relative reactivities are explained on the basis of the concept of Hoffmann's ‘through bond’ interaction.