基于纳米ZnO/聚苯乙烯的复合材料光催化性能研究

通过将聚苯乙烯与纳米氧化锌前驱体共混制备了复合材料前驱体,运用TG-DTA联机分析得到了其分解温度及相关热分解数据;前驱体经适当温度煅烧后得复合材料光催化剂,运用TEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis、ESR等测试手段进行了表征。在荧光灯作用下对复合材料光催化性能进行了检测,并与相同条件下纳米氧化锌的光催化性能进行了比对分析。结果表明,该复合材料在荧光作用下对甲基橙催化降解11h后,甲基橙的降解率为35%,与纳米氧化锌催化降解甲基橙5%的降解率相比有较大程度的提高。     

纳米ZnO/聚醋酸乙烯酯复合薄膜的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶和浸渍-提拉而后煅烧的方法得到了在可见光作用下具有光催化性能的纳米ZnO/聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)复合薄膜.通过正交设计实验,研究了PVAc的浓度、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、复合薄膜层数和附加ZnO膜层数等工艺因素对光催化性能的影响,并通过SEM,XRD和FT-IR对其进行了分析与表征.在室内普通照明用白炽灯作用下,以甲基橙溶液为催化对象,PVAc含量10%的、在250℃煅烧30min所得到的纳米ZnO/PVAe复合薄膜的光催化性能的实验结果表明,复合薄膜对甲基橙降解率达60%,而使用250℃煅烧30min所得到的纳米ZnO 4层薄膜或PVAc 4层薄膜催化的甲基橙溶液的浓度变化很小.     

微波助离子液体中纳米TiO2／PMMA复合材料的制备及光催化性能

微波加热法合成离子液体[Bmim]BF4,并以该离子液体为反应介质,在微波辐射条件下制备纳米TiO2/PMMA复合材料.用XRD,IR和TG对该复合材料进行测试和表征;并在高压汞灯下用甲基橙溶液对其进行光催化降解性能测试.结果表明,制备TiO2/PMMA复合材料的最佳条件是:离子液体1.7mL,钛酸丁酯与MMA的体积比为3.4∶1.0,微波辐射功率600W、反应温度70℃、反应时间35min.并且用[Bmim]BF4作为反应介质,能够显著提高TiO2/PMMA复合材料的光催化活性,所制备的TiO2/PMMA复合材料不需要经过高温煅烧,就表现出极高的光催化活性;TiO2负载PMMA后,复合材料的光催化活性得到了进一步的改善.该复合材料对甲基橙的降解率在1.5h就可达到98.4%,其活性明显优于未负载的纳米TiO2催化剂.     

纳米氧化锌的制备及其在太阳光下的光催化性能

本文以醋酸锌、浓氨水为原料,采用均匀沉淀法,制备了在太阳光下具有优良光催化性能的纳米氧化锌粉体,并利用透射电镜(TEM)、UV-Vis、X射线衍射(XRD)和ξ电位对所得样品进行了表征;以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的光催化脱色降解为模型反应,考察了煅烧温度对其结构与催化性能的影响。研究结果表明:在150℃下煅烧4h得到了具有良好分散性和结晶性能的纳米氧化锌粒子,粒径分布均匀、平均粒径约10nm;该纳米材料在太阳光下具有高的光催化活性和稳定性,照射2h可以使MB溶液的脱色率达100%,且重复使用5次时染料的脱色率仍在95%以上;所得样品的ξ电位均为负值,样品表面过剩的负电荷源自于样品的结构缺陷,即Zn2+空位或O2-过剩,且表面电荷量随煅烧温度的不同而不同;结构缺陷是其光谱响应范围的拓展和在太阳光条件下具有良好催化性能等的重要原因。     

板式纳米碳纤维负载二氧化钛光催化复合材料的制备及降解甲基橙的研究

以板式纳米碳纤维为载体,采用酸性氧化法对载体进行预处理之后,使用钛酸异丙酯为钛源,高温水热法制备了二氧化钛/纳米碳纤维复合光催化剂,并考察了其对甲基橙的光催化去除能力及循环反应性能.复合材料中二氧化钛含量通过改变前驱体组成进行调节.材料的结构性能通过氮气吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析仪(TG-DSC)等测试技术进行了表征.结果表明,锐钛矿型的二氧化钛以纳米颗粒形式均匀分散在纳米碳纤维表面,从而形成了高度分散的二氧化钛/碳纤维纳米复合材料.另外,复合系统中中孔吸附作用的存在,与纳米二氧化钛的光催化产生协同作用,增强了复合材料在紫外光照射下对于水溶液中甲基橙的去除能力.在光照射下反应120 min时,不同担载量样品对甲基橙的去除率最高可达80.1%,不同煅烧温度样品最高可达79.2%.此外,光催化剂有着良好重复利用性能,3次循环反应后对甲基橙去除率仍可保持80.0%.     

AuNPs@POMs/rGO复合材料的制备及光催化性能

以Keggin型多金属氧酸盐(多酸,POMs)为光催化还原剂、稳定剂和包覆剂,在光照下一步合成AuNPs@POMs/rGO复合纳米材料。采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等对所制得的材料进行了结构表征和性能测试。以光催化降解甲基橙为模型反应研究了AuNPs@POMs/rGO纳米复合材料的光催化活性。透射电子镜结果显示Au纳米微粒均匀的负载在rGO薄层上,无聚集和团聚现象。实验探究了pH、温度、催化剂投放量以及甲基橙初始浓度对光催化降解过程的影响。光催化降解结果表明:当溶液处于室温,pH=8.0,催化剂投放量为0.15 g·L~(-1),甲基橙溶液初始浓度为25.0 mg·L~(-1)时,效果达到最佳,降解率为94.5%。     

低共熔溶剂中纳米氧化锌的制备及形貌调控

分别以工业氧化锌、氯化锌和草酸锌为锌源,氯化胆碱-尿素低共熔溶剂为溶剂,通过沉淀法制备了不同结构和形貌的纳米氧化锌。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和甲基橙光催化降解对样品进行了表征,分析了锌源变化对产物形貌的影响以及不同形貌氧化锌形成过程中前驱体的调控作用及反应机理。并将制备的不同形貌氧化锌应用于光催化降解甲基橙。结果表明制备的由纳米晶组装而成的厚块状Zn O纳米结构对甲基橙有良好的光催化性能。     

Ag/ZnO纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝技术及煅烧法制备了氧化锌纳米纤维, 然后采用水热法将银纳米颗粒负载到了氧化锌纳米纤维表面. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对合成的Ag/ZnO纳米纤维的结构和组成进行了表征. SEM结果表明, 直径在5~100 nm之间的银纳米颗粒附着在直径在80~330 nm之间的氧化锌纤维表面形成了异质结构. 以常见的有机污染物甲基橙、 亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B等为降解底物, 对Ag/ZnO纳米纤维的光催化性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 负载银纳米颗粒后, 复合催化剂的光催化性能明显提高.     

Ag/ZnO纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能（英文）

采用静电纺丝技术及煅烧法制备了氧化锌纳米纤维,然后采用水热法将银纳米颗粒负载到了氧化锌纳米纤维表面.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对合成的Ag/ZnO纳米纤维的结构和组成进行了表征.SEM结果表明,直径在5~100 nm之间的银纳米颗粒附着在直径在80~330 nm之间的氧化锌纤维表面形成了异质结构.以常见的有机污染物甲基橙、亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B等为降解底物,对Ag/ZnO纳米纤维的光催化性能进行了表征.结果表明,负载银纳米颗粒后,复合催化剂的光催化性能明显提高.     

溴化银/二氧化钛复合材料的可见光催化性能

将硝酸银的乙醇溶液与溶胶凝胶TiO2混合得到前驱体,随后经共沉淀-煅烧制备得到AgBr/TiO2复合材料;采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪分析了复合材料的形貌、晶体结构、Ag元素的价态,采用紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪测定了其光吸收性能;进而以甲基橙(MO)的可见光降解为探针反应测定了AgBr/TiO2复合材料的可见光催化性能.结果表明,当前驱体在不同温度下煅烧后,无定形TiO2颗粒逐渐增大,并逐渐转变为锐钛矿结构;担载的AgBr可明显拓展TiO2的可见光吸收范围;Ag物种主要以Ag+形式存在.当煅烧温度为300℃时,复合材料的光催化活性最高,MO的降解率在60min内达到90%以上;随着煅烧温度的增加,催化活性逐渐降低.     

Ag改性纳米ZnO薄膜及光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法和光还原沉积贵金属法结合制备出Ag改性的纳米ZnO薄膜。利用FESEM、XPS、ESR、UV-Vis分析了纳米Ag-ZnO薄膜的表面形貌、表面组成和光谱特征。FESEM分析表明银在纳米ZnO薄膜表面形成原子簇而没有形成均匀覆盖层。XPS分析表明负载在纳米ZnO薄膜表面的银以Ag⁰形式存在; 相对于纳米ZnO薄膜, 纳米Ag-ZnO薄膜中晶格氧的含量有所下降,而表面羟基氧和吸附氧的含量显著增加。纳米Ag-ZnO薄膜的ESR峰强比纳米ZnO薄膜大,表明纳米Ag-ZnO薄膜中束缚单电子的氧空位的浓度高于纳米ZnO薄膜。UV-Vis分析纳米Ag-ZnO薄膜的紫外可见吸收光谱可能是纳米银粒子与纳米ZnO薄膜共同作用的结果。以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察了纳米Ag-ZnO薄膜的光催化活性以及银沉积量对催化剂活性的影响。光催化降解结果表明,银的沉积量为0.018 2 mg·cm^-2的纳米Ag-ZnO薄膜的光催化活性最高,在紫外光照射3 h后甲基橙降解率约为78%,而纳米ZnO薄膜约为62%。     

Parameters controlling the photocatalytic performance of ZnO/Hombikat TiO2 composites

Commercial TiO₂ (Hombikat, UV-100) was impregnated with different loadings of zinc nitrate solution and subsequently calcined at different temperatures in order to obtain a stable homogeneous solid composite of ZnO/TiO₂. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as N₂ adsorption and desorption measurements. Results show that ZnO was incorporated within the TiO₂ crystals and did not form a separate bulky phase or metallic zinc. Moreover, the calcination temperature dramatically modifies the texture properties of the prepared samples compared with original Hombikat TiO₂. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methyl orange dye under black light illumination. Three main parameters were studied; ZnO loading, surface area and initial pH of the methyl orange solution. The variation in ZnO loading appears to have less influence on the catalytic activity than either the surface area or the pH.     

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Doped ZnO Microtubes

The TiO₂-doped ZnO microtubes have been successfully fabricated via a wet chemicalmethod, using zinc chloride and titanium sulphate as the starting materials. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electronmicroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence measurement. The photocatalytic ac-tivity in degrading methyl orange was measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The pure ZnO microtubes exhibit an exact hexangular hollow structure with a diameter of about 700 nm, a length of 3 μm and a wall thickness of about 40 nm. The TiO₂-doped ZnO microtubes with TiO₂/ZnO ratio less than 5% have the same dimension with the pure ZnO microtubes, a smooth column shape, not a hexangular structure. The growth of ZnO may be inhibited by the more Ti⁴⁺ doped into ZnO structure to achieve a small dimension or a multiphase. The crystallinity of ZnO microtubes decreases with increasing TiO₂ content, and then a multiphase containing ZnO, Ti₃O₅ and TiO occur when the TiO₂/ZnO ratio is more than 5%. The UV emission intensity of the TiO₂-doped ZnO obviously increases and then tends to decrease with TiO₂/ZnO ratio increasing. The photocatalytic properties of the TiO₂-doped ZnO microtubes are very effcient in degrading organic dyes of methyl orange and are well identical with its PL properties and the crystallinity.     

Improved solar-driven photocatalytic performance of BiOI decorated TiO2 benefiting from the separation properties of photo-induced charge carriers

In this work, BiOI decorated TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared in-situ by a facile hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. The reactive radicals during the photocatalytic reaction were detected by scavenger experiments. BiOI/TiO₂ composites exhibit higher performance than the pure TiO₂ towards photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution, when the molar ratio of Bi/Ti is 2%, the sample has the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of BiOI/TiO₂ could be ascribed to the separation properties of photo-induced charge carriers and strong interaction between BiOI and TiO₂. Based on the observations, a Z-scheme charge separation mechanism was proposed.     

Synthesis of nanosized TiO2/SiO2 particles using microwave processes and their photocatalytic activity on the decomposition of orange II

The nanosized titania and TiO₂/SiO₂ particles were prepared by the microwave-hydrothermal method. The effect of physical properties TTIP/TEOS ratio and calcination temperature has been investigated. The major phase of the pure TiO₂ particle is of the anatase structure, and a rutile peak was observed above 800°C. In TiO₂/SiO₂ particles, however, no significant rutile phase was observed, although the calcination temperature was 900°C. No peaks for the silica crystal phase were observed at either silica/titania ratio. The crystallite size of TiO₂/SiO₂ particles decreases as compared to pure TiO₂ at high calcination temperatures. The TiO₂/SiO₂ particles show higher activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of orange II as compared to pure TiO₂ particles.     

Plasmon-resonance-enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag quantum dots/TiO2 microspheres for methyl orange degradation

We successfully prepared Ag quantum dots modified TiO₂ microspheres by facile solvothermal and calcination method. The as-prepared Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ photocatalyst showed excellent visible light absorption and efficient photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation. And the sample with the molar ratio of 0.05 (Ag to Ti) showed the best visible light photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation, mainly because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects of Ag quantum dots to generate electron and hole pairs for enhanced visible light photocatalysis. Finally, possible visible light photocatalytic mechanism of Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ microspheres for methyl orange degradation was proposed in detail.     

In situ polypyrrole polymerization enhances the photocatalytic activity of nanofibrous TiO2/SiO2 membranes

PPy@TS nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic capability was prepared by in situ polymerizing polypyrrole on the surface of TiO₂/SiO₂ nanofibrous membrane.     

二氧化钛与针铁矿复合光催化材料的制备与光催化性能

以四氯化钛为钛源,针铁矿(α-FeOOH)为载体,采用水解沉淀法制备了金红石相二氧化钛(Ti₂O)与α-FeOOH的复合光催化材料,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线能量散射谱和X射线光电子能谱对样品进行了表征.结果表明,低温下,金红石相Ti₂O包覆于α-FeOOH表面,并形成复合结构;较高温下,铁离子进入金红石相Ti₂O晶格,并形成铁掺杂金红石相Ti₂O纳米管;中温下,样品兼有复合和掺杂两者特征.在室温下以甲基橙为降解对象,采用钨灯+氘灯(波长200~800nm)为光源,对样品的光催化活性进行了测试.结果表明,样品对甲基橙的光催化降解效果良好;与纯α-FeOOH和金红石相Ti₂O相比,不同结构样品的光催化活性均有所提高,其中,复合兼掺杂型样品的光催化活性最高.由此可见,与α-FeOOH复合和铁掺杂是提高Ti₂O光催化活性的有效途径.     

高度有序的二氧化钛纳米管阵列的制备及其光催化活性的研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法在钛表面构筑了一种结构有序、微米级的TiO₂纳米管阵列膜层. 考察了制备电压、氧化时间、溶液搅拌等实验参数对TiO₂纳米管阵列形貌和尺寸的影响. 应用SEM和XRD对膜层的形貌和晶型进行了分析和表征, 并通过TiO₂纳米管阵列膜对甲基橙的光催化降解, 研究了TiO₂纳米管阵列膜层结构与光催化活性的关系. 结果表明: 阳极电压和溶液搅拌对制备TiO₂纳米管阵列的结构起到关键的作用. 控制20 V电压制备的TiO₂纳米管阵列膜, 管长达2.6～3.3 μm, 经500 ℃热处理后具有最高的光催化活性, 其光催化性能明显优于一般的TiO₂纳米颗粒膜.