熔盐电导的多维键参数分析

本文用模式识别－人工神经网络结合化学键参数法，总结熔盐电导的半经验规律，在此基础上讨论了熔盐电导的主要影响因素及电导机理。     

常温熔盐体系

本文阐述了常温熔盐的类型、特点以及在络合物化学、金属电沉积、有机电化学、电池、电解着色等方面的研究和应用。着重介绍三氯化铝-氯化正丁基吡啶s、三氯化铝-氯化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑(?)和乙酰胺-尿素-硝酸铵等熔盐体系。     

熔盐技术的应用

本文阐述熔盐技术在工业及科技领域中的应用。着重介绍熔盐电解冶金、表面处理，制取半导体、超导体单晶、氟化锆系玻璃，熔盐燃料电池、锂电池，原子能体系中应用的熔盐技术，以及熔盐氟化、氯化等实例和发展动向。     

熔盐电解法制备镁稀土合金的现状及展望

熔盐电解法是一种高效制备镁稀土合金的方法,工艺流程简便易于连续生产,而且制备的镁稀土合金成分均匀,不偏析。 不同稀土元素的熔盐体系也有所区别,重稀土元素一般采用氧化物电解法,而轻稀土元素则采用氯化物电解法。 针对以上不同的电解方法,本文从电解原料、电解槽结构、电极过程、电解工艺、尾气处理等多方面详细阐述了制备镁稀土合金的现状,并对电解法制备镁稀土合金的未来提出发展方向。     

氯化物熔盐中钕离子在铂电极上的电化学还原

利用极谱,Ⅲ利用电位阶跃研究了轻稀土离子在碱金属氯化物熔盐中的阴极还原。本文作者研究过Sm~(3 )在NaCl-KCl熔盐中的电还原。上述工作分别提出了稀土离子一步还原和分步还原的结论。本文采用线性扫描伏安法和恒电位电解,并配以扫描电子显微镜X射线能谱分析,对Nd~(3 )在Pt电极上的阴极还原过程进行了研究,利     

LaCl3—SrCl2—MgCl2三元体系相图

本文借助于ＤＴＡ和Ｘ射线结构分析测定了ＬａＣｌ３－ＳｒＣｌ２－ＭｇＣｌ２三元体系相图，发现它属简单低共熔型，体系内有对应于ＬａＣｌ３，ＳｒＣｌ２和ＭｇＣｌ２的３个液相面、３条２次结晶线和１个三元低共熔点Ｅ（１５．０ｗｔ％ＬａＣｌ３，４９．５ｗｔ％ＳｒＣｌ２，３５．５ｗｔ％ＭｇＣｌ２；５４５℃），并且在固相下有一个不稳定的化合物生成，在约５００℃时分解。     

钇离子在氟化物体系中的电化学还原

用循环伏安法和卷积伏安法研究钇离子在LiF-NaF-YF_3熔融盐中的阴极还原过程。结果表明,在实验条件下钇离子的电化学反应为一步还原,阴极过程受扩散控制,产物钇与铂形成合金。     

La—LaCl3—KCl熔体的计算机模拟研究

用Monte Carlo方法对La-LaCl_3-KC1体系在1223K时的结构进行了计算机模拟研究,得到了熔体中诸离子对的偏径向分布函数和体系在1223K的势能和内能。结果表明,在熔体中La(Ⅲ)有相当一部分以LaCl_6~3六配位形式存在,而La(Ⅱ)则主要以LaCl_4~2四配位形式存在。结果还表明,熔体中的自由体积分布不均匀,存在许多不规则的空孔和缝隙,其中XK~+·YC1~-集团内的缝隙比纯KC1熔体中的缝隙明显增多。     

在LiCl-KCl-ZnCl2熔盐体系中电化学共还原提取钕

针对镧系元素钕,本文通过循环伏安、开路计时电位、方波伏安等方法研究了773 K时Nd（Ⅲ）在钼电极上在LiCl-KCl-ZnCl₂熔盐体系中的电化学行为及Zn-Nd合金的形成过程. 结果表明：在LiCl-KCl-ZnCl₂熔盐中,Nd（Ⅲ）在预先沉积的Zn 阴极上欠电位沉积形成三种Zn-Nd金属间化合物. 基于电化学行为研究,采用恒电位电解提取Nd并用方波伏安曲线测量来检测Nd（Ⅲ）离子浓度的变化,然后通过电解前后Nd（Ⅲ）离子浓度变化评估了Nd的电解提取效率. 实验结果表明：-1.84 V恒电位电解进行50 h后,Nd（Ⅲ）离子浓度接近于零,提取效率为99.67%. 在973 K时通过恒电流电解提取Nd并获得了Zn-Nd合金,通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）附带能量散射谱（EDS）对合金的相组成和微观形貌进行了分析. XRD分析表明在Zn-Nd合金中存在Nd₂Zn₁₇,LiZn 和Zn相,EDS能谱分析表明Nd在合金中的原子分数高达14.99%.     

离子色谱固定相最新进展

介绍离子色谱固定相的最新研究进展。离子色谱固定相在多种类型、含多种功能基和高交换容量固定相,羟基选择性固定相,高效的涂覆型固定相,可变交换容量的固定相,静电离子和仿生离子固定相,整体式固定相。以及芯片式固定相等方面均有所发展。     

Effect of molecular weight on the polymorphic transformation of isotactic poly(1-butene)

The effect of molecular weight on the polymorphic transformation of isotactic poly(1-butene)(iPB) under room temperature had been investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The phase transformation time, phase transformation rate and phase transformation time difference between phase I and phase II at a given transformation degree were used to analysis the phase transformation kinetics of iPB aging at room temperature. The results show that the reduction of phase II can occur quickly at room temperature and seem less dependent on the molecular weight. However, the molecular weight has great effect on the formation of phase I. When the phase transformation degree for phase I reach 90%, a distinct transformation time difference can be observed. In order to clearly explain the difference in the reduction of phase II and the growth of phase I, a phase transformation model from the chain conformation level for iPB with different molecular weight have been drawn. DSC analysis was used to support the proposed model.     

基于虚拟相位平面的相位展开方法

在基于相位分析的三维测量系统中,为了准确地得到物体的高度,相位展开扮演着很重要的角色。传统的相位展开方法常常需要额外的投影图,而傅里叶变换轮廓术只需要采集一幅或两幅变形条纹图就可以实现对物体轮廓的测量,其方法速度快,易于实现。针对傅里叶变换轮廓术方法计算得到的截断相位分布,本文提出了一种利用截断相位与参考平面相位差值2π的整数倍数获得截断相位的正确级次,辅助相位展开的方法。当被测物体较复杂,或者相位截断次数较多时,该方法在已有参考平面相位的基础上虚拟新的相位平面,依次比较截断相位和虚拟相位,进行多次分级相位展开,结合多个展开相位结果,最终得到正确的展开相位。该方法展开速度快,展开错误不会蔓延传递。仿真和实物实验结果证明了该方法的可行性,说明该方法可用于傅里叶变换轮廓术中进行截断相位的快速展开。     

Ion-pair mediated transport of angiotensin, neurotensin, and their metabolites in liquid phase microextraction under acidic conditions

This paper discusses the behaviour of angiotensin 1 and neurotensin together with their metabolites in a three-phase liquid phase microextraction under acidic conditions. Variations in donor phase, organic phase, and acceptor phase are studied with extraction recovery as response variable. It is proved that for all peptides the transport across the organic phase is mediated by heptane-1-sulphonic acid. n-Octanol gave overall best results as organic phase. A donor phase volume of 1.0 mL was chosen as a compromise between optimal recovery and robustness of the LPME device. The optimal pH of the donor phase (using acceptor phase of pH 2) was found to be different for the peptides, which opens opportunities for selective sample preparation. Decreasing the acceptor phase pH to 1.0 resulted in increased extraction recoveries. On using 1.0 mL of donor phase containing 50 mM heptane-1-sulphonic acid pH 3, n-octanol as organic phase immobilized in the pores of the fibre, and 20 microL of acceptor phase containing 0.1 mol/L HCl, extraction recoveries up to 82% (enrichment factor = 41) were achieved. To our knowledge this is the first report on liquid phase microextraction of angiotensins and neurotensins.     

Microscopic phase behavior of supercritical carbon dioxide + non-ionic surfactant + water systems at elevated pressures

The microscopic phase behavior of the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) + polyethylene oxide-2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonyl ether (TMN) + water systems at about 3 wt% of TMN were investigated using a synthetic method with a microscope. The two types of TMN (TMN-3 and TMN-10) used in this work had molecular weight distributions caused by the distribution of the number of ethylene oxide groups. Two different types of phase transition were observed when pressure was decreased gradually at a constant temperature from the high pressure at which the transparent phase was observed to the low pressure at which the separate vapor–liquid phases were observed for the scCO₂ + TMN-3 + water system at 3 wt% of TMN-3. The transparent phase was colorless under all experimental conditions and the phase transition from a transparent phase to a turbidity phase with small, dispersed droplets was observed at the higher side phase transition (higher phase transition pressure). As the pressure continued to decrease, another phase transition was observed from the phase with small droplets to a state with an accelerating aggregation of droplets (lower phase transition pressure). In the turbidity phase between the higher and the lower phase transition, the degree of turbidity became higher with decreasing pressure. On the other hand, in the phase observed below the lower phase transition, a new liquid phase adhered to the sapphire windows and the wall inside the optical cell.     

薄膜梯度扩散技术结合相研究进展

薄膜梯度扩散(DGT)技术是一种新型原位被动采样技术,已被广泛应用于水体、土壤、沉积物中目标物的采集与测量。结合相是DGT技术的重要组成部分,决定了与目标物的结合能力、结合速度、结合容量以及目标物的形态选择性等。DGT结合相分为固态结合相和液态结合相。本文重点综述了树脂、氧化物、无机盐、活性炭、改性硅胶、分子印迹、共聚物、复合、液态等结合相在DGT技术中的应用,展望了DGT结合相的发展前景。     

紫外拉曼光谱研究焙烧气氛对氧化锆相变的影响

 以紫外拉曼光谱技术研究了在不同焙烧气氛中氧化锆样品的表面晶相结构及其转变过程．结果表明，在有氧气氛中焙烧的氧化锆样品易转变为单斜相，而在惰性气氛中焙烧可以有效地稳定样品体相和表面的四方相结构．在缺氧气氛中焙烧的样品暴露于空气中后，表面极易转变为单斜相，而其体相仍为四方相结构，这表明四方相氧化锆在样品表面是极不稳定的．     

Three-phase separation in nonionic surfactant/hydrophobically modified polymer aqueous mixtures

Three-phase separation for Triton X-114 or Triton X-100 solutions with addition of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose was investigated experimentally. When the surfactant concentration was high enough, the solution slightly above the cloud point could separate into three macroscopic phases: a cloudy phase in between a clear phase and a bluish, translucent phase. The rate of phase separation was very low with the formation of the clear and cloudy phases followed by the emergence of the bluish phase. The volume fraction of the cloudy phase increases linearly with the global polymer concentration, whereas the volume fraction of the bluish phase increases linearly with the global surfactant concentration. Composition analyses found that most of the polymer stayed in the cloudy phase, as opposed to most of the surfactant in the bluish phase. The interesting phase behavior can be explained by an initial associative phase separation followed by a segregative phase separation in the cloudy phase.     

LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALS IN BINARY SYSTEMS N-ALKYL GLYCOSIDES/WATER*

The formation of lyotropic mesophases (liquid crystals) in four binary systems n-alkyl glycosides/water was examined in dependence on surfactant concentration, temperature and the chain lengths (alkyl = heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl). The binary phase diagrams were established and the enthalpies of phase transitions were measured. The following phase transitions were detected by texture observation and calorimetry: hexagonal phase H, lamellar phase L, cubic phase Q, gel phase G and crystalline phase C. The positions of the corresponding regions of these phases in the phase diagram were determined. Sequence of phases and the localization of the phase regions were depended on the chain length of the alkyl group. So in the binary system n-decyl-β-D-glucoside/water the H-phase was not observed.     

Retention behavior of basic compounds on alkylphosphonate-modified magnesia-zirconia composite stationary phase in RPHPLC

Summary The chromatographic properties of an alkylphosphonate-modified magnesia-zirconia composite stationary phase have been investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with basic compounds as probes. The influence of organic modifier composition and mobile phase pH was studied. The new stationary phase, similar to a silica-based reversed-phase stationary phase, has hydrophobic properties, but greater pH stability. Use of the phase results in more symmetric peaks for basic compounds. A possible mechanism of retention of basic solutes on the new stationary phase is discussed. The chromatographic behavior of the basic solutes depends mainly on hydrophobic interactions between the solutes and the hydrophobic moiety of the stationary phase. Br?nsted acidic and basic sites on the surface of the new stationary phase play an important role in the retention of ionized solutes by ion-exchange interaction. Promising separations of some basic compounds have been achieved by use of methanolic TRIS buffer, pH 10.0, as the mobile phase.