t-BAMBP萃取-原子吸收分光光度法测定矿物中微量铷、铯

利用4-叔丁基-2-（α-甲苄基）酚（t-BAMBP）萃取矿物中微量的铷和铯,再利用原子吸收分光光度法测定其在萃取剂中的浓度．并对稀释剂的选择、萃取酸碱度、相比影响、萃取时间及干扰离子等进行了研究．实验结果表明,检出限分别为铷:0.02μg/g,铯:0.08μg/g。标准浓度在0~200μg/50mL时,线性关系大于0.9989,样品加标回收率为96.4%~104.4%之间,相对误差小于1%．     

用环爐技术分离钾、铷、铯

借助于环炉技术,用磷钨酸作交换剂,分离了微量的钾、铷、铯。先用0.1N硝酸:乙醇-1:2溶液冲洗出钾;然后借助于辅环,用0.1%硝酸银溶液冲洗出铷;铯则留于原斑点不动。操作时间不超过15分钟。钾、铷、铯离子的检出限量皆为5微克;三者的可分离最高比值为300:50:50(微克)。逾此分离不清。     

共萃剂ClO4-作用下磷酸三丁酯分离盐湖卤水锂镁

采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)作为萃取剂、NaClO4作为共萃剂从高镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂,考察了萃取温度、溶液pH值、相比和ClO-4用量等因素对Li+萃取率的影响.结果表明,卤水一次萃取的最佳操作条件为:萃取时间10 min,温度25℃,Vo/Vw=2.0,n(ClO-4)/n(Li+)=2.0,pH=5～8,Li+和Mg2+的最高萃取率分别为65.41%和13.31%,锂镁分离系数达到12.32.用水在Vw/Vo=1.0、50℃时进行反相萃取,Li+的反萃率达到81.52%,此时镁锂质量比由45.61下降至8.45.锂镁离子萃取过程呈放热效应,金属离子的萃入对TBP中H的化学位移没有影响,但会导致P O双键的红外伸缩振动吸收峰从1280 cm-1移至1264 cm-1.25℃时用斜率法测定Li+萃合物的组成接近2LiClO4.5TBP,反萃液经深度除镁后可制备碳酸锂.     

三烷基混合叔胺-正辛醇-磺化煤油萃取菜籽粕酸脱毒液中的植酸

用三烷基混合叔胺(N235)-正辛醇-磺化煤油从菜籽粕酸脱毒废液中萃取植酸,研究了水相pH值、植酸浓度、N235浓度对植酸分配比的影响。 确定萃取植酸的最佳条件为：初始pH=3.0、N235的浓度0.17 mol/L、正辛醇浓度0.48 mol/L、相比R为5∶1、萃取时间5 min,对0.02 mol/L标准植酸溶液的萃取率为95.2%。 以0.25 mol/L NaOH溶液为反萃取剂,在相比5∶2下反萃取5 min,三级反萃取总收率达到82.6%。 实验证明加入正辛醇可提高N235萃取植酸的分配比,可能与正辛醇和N235形成“分子簇”结构产生协同萃取有关。     

从含镁二壬基萘磺酸-磺化煤油溶液中反萃取镁的研究

采用简单的反萃取法回收二壬基萘磺酸-磺化煤油溶液中的镁。考察了反萃剂种类、反萃时间、反萃转速、反萃剂浓度、反萃相比(有机相与水相的体积比)O/A值对反萃取率的影响。研究结果表明:在常温下,以硫酸作反萃取剂,反萃剂浓度为4 mol·L-1,反萃时间为20 min,反萃取震荡转速为200 rpm,反萃相比O/A值为5时,镁的反萃率可达93.98%,经过反萃后得到的二壬基萘磺酸-磺化煤油溶液可以重复萃取冶金废水的镁离子,镁的萃取率保持不变。这一研究结果对于冶金行业废水的处理与综合利用具有重要参考价值。     

从负载铁的P204-Nspa煤油溶液中反萃铁

对负载铁的P204[二(2-乙基己基)磷酸]-Nspa磺化煤油溶液中铁的反萃过程进行了研究。考察了反萃剂种类、反萃剂浓度、反萃时间、反萃温度、反萃转速和反萃相比O/A(有机相与水相的体积比)等对铁的反萃率的影响。结果表明:以14 mol/L磷酸为反萃剂,反萃时间为50 min,反萃温度为303 K,反萃转速为200rpm,反萃相比O/A为1∶1时,铁的反萃率可达85.56%。反萃后得到的萃取剂仍具有较优的萃取性能,可循环利用。     

从太平洋中部深海粘土盐酸浸出液中萃取回收钇的研究

针对太平洋中部深海粘土HCl浸出液酸度高、成分复杂等特点,克服现有萃取剂不足,采用新型萃取剂P535从高浓度HCl浸出液中直接萃取回收Y~(3+),考察料液酸度、萃取剂浓度、萃取时间和相比对萃取的影响以及HCl,H2SO4反萃剂对反萃的影响,分别绘制萃取平衡等温线和反萃平衡等温线,确定反萃方案并完成转型。结果表明:以有机相组成为10%P535(质量分数)+磺化煤油作为萃取剂,料液酸度为1.12 mol·L-1HCl,其最佳萃取条件为:萃取时间5 min,相比O/A=1∶2。经过3级逆流萃取,Y~(3+)萃取率达到98%,Fe~(3+)共萃进入有机相,其他金属基本不萃取。负载有机相用2 mol·L-1的H2SO4溶液可选择性反萃Y~(3+),得到Y_2(SO_4)_3溶液,反萃Y~(3+)的有机相再用8 mol·L-1HCl溶液反萃共萃的Fe~(3+),完成转型。     

氯化亚锡活化-TOPO溶剂萃取分离铑铱及机理研究

在三正辛基氧化膦(TOPO)-乙酸乙酯体系中,应用氯化亚锡活化-溶剂萃取技术选择性分离Rh(Ⅲ)和Ir(Ⅳ),通过萃取铑实现铑铱的分离.考察了nSn/nIr、盐酸浓度对铱萃取率的影响.在相比为1 ∶ 1,nSn/nIr(nSn/nRh)=4,3 mol·L-1盐酸浓度的条件下,通过对含不同浓度铑、铱的料液进行萃取,铑的萃取率达到98%以上,铱的萃取率低于4%.在萃取过程中未能完全分离的铑铱通过HCl与KClO3的混合溶液以及硝酸的反萃实现分离.研究了贱金属的萃取行为,考察了贱金属及金对铑铱萃取分离的影响.将饱和萃取有机相减压蒸馏,通过红外光谱表征,探讨了萃取机理.     

萃取法去除硫酸氧钛液中杂质铁

采用溶剂萃取法有效去除了钛白粉制备过程中的中间产物硫酸氧钛液中大量的杂质铁。 将硫酸氧钛液中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+后,用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和煤油混合体系萃取除去Fe3+。 考察了氧化剂、稀释剂、有机相中TBP体积分数、萃取相比、NaCl加入量等对铁萃取率的影响以及反萃条件的选择和萃取剂的循环使用效果,结果表明,用煤油作稀释剂,TBP在有机相的体积分数为60%,萃取相比O/W为2∶1时,NaCl加入量以Cl-计4 mol/L,Fe3+的3次萃取率可达99%,钛的损失率低至0.4%。当反萃相比W/O为1∶1时,Fe3+的3次反萃率可达100%。TBP经过5次萃取-反萃循环使用后,对Fe3+的萃取率无明显下降,可循环使用。     

开链冠醚萃取铀氧离子性能的研究

研究了新萃取剂BQTH在三氯甲烷溶液中,从水杨酸根介质中萃取铀的性能,考察了水相酸度、萃取剂浓度、水杨酸根离子浓度及萃取时间对萃取效能的影响,确定了萃合物中萃取剂(BQTH)与UO2+2的组成比为1∶1及最佳萃取条件。在最佳条件下该萃取体系对1×10-4mol/L的铀酰离子一次萃取率可达78.0%.     

磺胺类人工合成甜味剂的毛细管电泳/电导法分离检测

采用15 mmol/L Tris-10 mmol/L H3BO3-0.2 mmol/L EDTA为电泳运行液,0.2%四乙烯五胺为电渗流抑制剂,融硅石英毛细管(45 cm×50 μm),负高压分离(-15 kV),柱端接触式电导检测,建立了磺胺类人工合成甜味剂(糖精钠、安赛蜜、甜蜜素)的高效毛细管电泳/电导法分离检测方法.糖精钠、安赛蜜、甜蜜素的线性检测范围分别为0.8 ～120、1.1 ～120、1.5 ～120 μmol/L,检出限分别为0.3、0.4、0.6 μmol/L.详细讨论了电泳运行液的组成、浓度以及进样方式对灵敏度和分离度的影响.该法用于市售饮料中3种甜味剂的分离检测,结果满意.     

Solvent extraction separation of rubidium with a crown ether for neutron activation analysis in rock samples

The extraction behavior of rubidium with a crown ether has been studied and methods for the separation and determination of rubidium have been developed. Rubidium was separated with tetraphenylborate from sample solution, and then quantitatively extracted into nitrobenzene by 18-crown-6 from 0.05 mol/l picric acid (pH 6) and back-extracted by 6 mol/l hydrochloric acid. Rubidium was determined by the neutron activation method in rock samples.     

逆流色谱分离镅(Ⅲ)和铕(Ⅲ)的研究

选择0.1 mol/L NaC lO4为流动相,以二氯苯基二硫代膦酸的二甲苯溶液为固定相,研究了萃取剂浓度、流动相pH及流动相流率对逆流色谱(CCC)分离Am3 和Eu3 效果的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,两者的分离系数随着固定相中的萃取剂浓度增加、流动相的pH升高而增大;降低流动相流率后可明显改善分离效果。通过改变分离条件,Am3 和Eu3 可基本上实现相互分离,两者间的分离系数和分离效率分别达到2.87和0.74。     

A new method for the radiochemical separation of rubidium and cesium

The analytical reactions of bismuth iodide and stannic chloride with cesium and rubidium are used for the radiochemical separation of these two elements. The method consists in precipitating potassium, rubidium and cesium as their cobaltinitrites, selective isolation of cesium as cesium bismuth iodide from glacial acetic acid, and subsequent separation of rubidium from potassium as chlorostannate from conc. HCl. The results obtained by the present method for the rubidium and cesium contents of the different U.S.G.S. standard rock samples are compared with those reported using methods of comparable accuracy. The suitability of the method for the analysis of fall-out samples for their radiocesium (¹³⁷Cs) contents has been demonstrated.     

Radiochemical determination of some trace elements in biological materials using short-lived isotopes

A radiochemical procedure for the consecutive separation of vanadium and molybdenum, copper, manganese, rubidium and potassium is proposed for the analysis of biological materials. Vanadium and molybdenum are extracted together with 0.1% BPHA solution in toluene, copper followed by manganese are extracted as diethyldithio-carbamate complexes with chloroform and rubidium and potassium are precipitated as tetraphenylborates.     

金银花中绿原酸的二阶导数差示脉冲极谱法定量研究

建立了中草药金银花中绿原酸的二阶导娄差示脉冲极谱定量分析方法,绿原酸在0.05mol/L硫酸－3mol/L亚硝酸钾－2.5mol/L乙酸钠－95％乙醇（1：1：1：17）的溶液中,于－0.276V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处出现一良好的二阶导数差示脉冲极谱峰,其峰幅值与绿原酸在0.1-0.6mmol/L范围内呈非常显著的线性关系（P＜0.01）,检出限为8.0nmol/L。本法简便、快速、灵敏,结果准确。     

Use of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 to separate traces of silver(I) from potassium thiocyanate in hydrochloric acid media,and determination of the silver by atomic absorption spectrometry

Solvent extraction with 0.05 mol L(-1) dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) in 1,2-dichloroethane, coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), has been investigated as a new method for separation of trace amounts of silver(I) from 0.05 mol L(-1) potassium thiocyanate in 1.0 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid media and quantification of the amount of silver present. The method is based on the formation of an extractable ion-association product, [DC18C6.K](+)[Ag(SCN)(2)](-), with a metal-to-crown ether ratio of 1:1 (as derived from slope analysis data). Stripping of the extracted silver(I) in the 1,2-dichloroethane phase was achieved within 5 min by use of 3.0 mol L(-1) potassium thiocyanate. Reducing the concentration of acid in the sample solution to 0.1 mol L(-1) improved the preconcentration factor severalfold. Excellent tolerance of the proposed method to the presence of foreign ions in solution with silver(I) was demonstrated. A detection limit of 13 ng mL(-1) was derived from the mean value of the blank plus three times its standard deviation. The method was used to determine traces of silver(I) after separation from gold(III), platinum(IV), and palladium(II) matrices on the basis of extractability differences with 18-membered crown ethers under specified conditions. The efficiency of the adopted ion-association mechanism for silver(I) extraction was apparent from the average recovery of 96% for spiked standards by use of the back-washing technique. The proposed extraction procedure was applied to the determination of traces of silver(I) in a selection of chemical reagents.     

Determination of low molecular weight organic acids in soil,plants, and water by capillary zone electrophoresis

Determination of low molecular weight organic acids in soils and plants by capillary zone electrophoresis was accomplished using a phthalate buffer and indirect UV detection mode. The influence of some crucial parameters, such as pH, buffer concentration and surfactant were investigated. A good separation of seven organic acids was achieved within 5 min using an electrolyte containing 15 mmol L(-1) potassium hydrogen phthalate, 0.5 mmol L(-1) myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB), and 5% methanol (MeOH) (v/v) at pH 5.60, separation voltage -20 kV, and temperature 25 degrees C. The relative standard deviation (n=5) of the method was found to be in range 0.18-0.56% for migration time and 3.2-4.8% for peak area. The limit of detection ranged between 0.5 micro mol L(-1) to 6 micro mol L(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The recovery of standard organic acids added to real samples ranged from 87 to 119%. This method was simple, rapid and reproducible, and could be applied to the simultaneous determination of organic acids in environmental samples.     

Paper chromatography in the separation of ions

Summary A study has been made of the separation of alkali and alkaline earth metals. With mixtures of solvents, such as ethyl cellosolve, water and hydrochloric acid and acetone, water and hydrochloric acid in the ratio of 702010 and at different temperatures, a complete separation of alkaline earth metals was effected. Of the alkali metals only lithium, sodium and potassium could be separated from each other but rubidium and caesium always accompanied potassium.