聚醚酯嵌段共聚物熔体的流变性能

采用毛细管流变仪测定了组成比、聚醚分子量、熔融时间和熔融温度对嵌段聚醚酯熔体表观粘度的影响．结果发现在所研究的温度和切变速率范围内,该结构聚醚酯熔体为假塑性非牛顿流体,其粘度随聚酯段含量的增加而增加,随熔融时间增加而降低,随聚醚分子量的增大而增大．聚醚酯的零切粘度可由Ｓｐｅｎｃｅｒ Ｄｉｌｌｏｎ 公式外推得到,零切粘度对温度的依赖关系服从Ａｎｄｒａｄｅ 公式．     

对叔丁基杯[10]冠醚的合成

首次合成一系列杯[10]冠醚。通过将对叔丁基杯[10]芳烃和乙二醇双对甲苯磺酸酯或多甘醇双对甲苯磺酸酯在K2CO3/甲苯或Cs2CO3/丙酮体系中反应,得到一系列杯[10]冠醚:1,2-杯[10]冠-4、1,3-杯[10]冠-2、1,2-,1,3-杯[10]冠-3、1,4-杯[10]冠-4、和1,6-杯[10]冠-4。     

汽车空调器压缩机用冷冻机油的研究

采用三氟化硼乙醚 (BF3·Et2 O)催化体系合成较高粘度的环氧丙烷均聚醚 ,观察了不同反应参数对聚醚粘度的影响。同时考察了不同催化剂对聚醚酯性能的影响。结果表明 ,用固体钨硅酸合成的聚醚酯较对甲苯磺酸的性能好     

高效液相色谱法测定单硬脂酸甘油酯

单硬脂酸甘油酯（简称单甘酯）是一种饱和的多元醇型非离子表面活性剂,具有优良的乳化性能,在食品工业、制药工业及日化工业中都有广泛的用途。单甘酯的测定方法有化学滴定法[1]、气相色谱法[2]、凝胶色谱法[3]和高效液相色谱法[4]等。其中化学滴定法常使单甘酯的测定结果偏高;气相色谱法需柱前衍生化,衍生化反应时间长,分析温度...     

松香基聚醚酯弹性体的制备及表征

通过松香与聚醚丙烯酸酯的Diels Alder加成产物与聚乙二醇、柠檬酸的缩聚反应,合成出松香基聚醚酯弹性体,产物采用红外、拉伸、DSC和TGA进行了表征。 TGA测试表明,松香基聚醚酯弹性体的10%热失重温度在300 ℃以上,拉伸测试表明,拉伸强度为0.26～0.62 MPa,断裂伸长率为338%～458%。     

光引发丙烯酰胺在聚醚氨酯膜上的接枝聚合反应

本文研究了以二苯酮为光敏剂,在365nm光照下丙烯酰胺在聚醚氨酯表面的接枝聚合。研究了光照时间、单体浓度、二苯酮浓度对接枝率的影响。对产物作吸水性测定和扫描电镜观察,均证实是接枝共聚物。通过模型化合物的研究,认为激发三线态的二苯酮提取了聚醚氨酯中聚醚软段叔碳原子的氢和氨酯基氮原子上的氢,使这些部位产生自由基,引发单体接枝聚合。     

聚醚氨酯薄膜表面性质的反相色谱法研究

本文报道了用反相色谱法研究多嵌段聚醚氨酯与几种低分子化合物的相互作用,测定了表征相互作用的热力学参数。结果表明,由ESCA证明表面软段富集的聚醚氨酯的反相色谱行为主要决定于富集层与探针分子的相互作用;苯及几种烷烃和聚醚氨酯的偏摩尔混合热和它的溶度参数与软段组分的溶度参数差值有关。     

聚醚酯/蒙脱土复合材料的结晶动力学和结晶形态

有机－无机复合材料是近来材料科学发展的热点,无机物对基体的结晶行为有很大的影响［１,２］．聚醚酯嵌段共聚物的高弹性依靠硬段结晶形成的物理交联点［３,４］,因而任何影响结晶的因素必然导致其性能的变化．通过聚醚酯与蒙脱土的复合,研究聚醚酯的结晶行为的变化...     

乙交酯与丙交酯共聚反应和竞聚率的测定

乳酸一羟基乙酸共聚物（PLG）是一种很好的生物医用材料，具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性，对人体无毒害，可用作医用缝合线[1]、药物缓释胶囊[2]、内固定及牙科材料等[3]．Gilding和Reed[4]在乙交酯和丙交酯共聚反应转化率较高（12．9％～16.4％）时，利用二元共聚方?..     

硅氧烷表面改性聚醚酯聚酰亚胺的研究

通过两种方法。即将γ-氨丙基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷和对氨基苯甲酸酯封端的聚(四亚甲基)醚与均苯四甲酸二酐共缩聚,和将两种预制的聚酰胺酸溶液共混,合成了一组硅氧烷改性的聚醚酯聚酰亚胺材料。ESCA能谱和表面水接触角测量研究材料的表面性质发现,硅氧烷在材料表面富集,对聚醚酯聚酰亚胺材料具有显著的表面改性作用,硅氧烷改性的聚醚酯聚酰亚胺,其热稳定性能和气体透过性能有一定程度的提高,但抗张强度和介电性能有所降低。     

Dynamic elasticity of triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) on a water surface

Dilatational viscoelasticity of adsorbed and spread films of the poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer at the air-water interface is studied by the capillary waves and oscillating barrier techniques. At the surface pressure below 10 mN/m, dynamic surface properties of these films coincide with those of poly(ethylene oxide). At higher surface pressures, the results obtained indicate the desorption of poly(propylene oxide) segments from the monolayer and their interaction with poly(ethylene oxide) segments in an aqueous phase. At a surface pressure close to 19 mN/m, the behavior of adsorbed and spread poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) films becomes different. The real part of dynamic surface elasticity of spread films tends toward its maximum value (20 mN/m) and, upon further compression, films begin to dissolve. At the same time, the surface elasticity of adsorbed films decreases nearly twofold upon the achievement of the maximum value that testifies the formation of looser structure of the surface layer.     

聚苯乙烯-g-聚乙二醇的制备及其表面改性作用

通过沉淀聚合方法,利用自由基共聚制备了苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物(SMA),利用SOCl2的酰氯反应,在SMA大分子链上接枝聚乙二醇侧链,制备了聚苯乙烯-g-聚乙二醇(PEG-g-PS)的大分子表面改性剂。利用大分子表面改性剂在聚苯乙烯基体中具有选择性迁移扩散的特性,实现了对聚苯乙烯薄膜表面极性的改善作用。采用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和表面静态接触角法检测了聚苯乙烯的表面极性。结果发现,PEG-g-PS上的聚醚链段可以有效的富集在聚合物表面,明显改善PS的表面极性和亲水性,表面极性可提高3倍,达到11.6mN/m。同时,大分子表面改性剂和聚苯乙烯基体间有一定的相容性,有效地克服了小分子表面改性剂容易流失,改性寿命较短的重要缺陷,使表面改性的持久性充分增加,实现对聚合物表面改性效果终生化的目的。而且大分子表面改性剂在极性溶剂的诱导作用下,可以实现进一步的迁移扩散,充分提高了聚苯乙烯的表面极性。     

Two-dimensional self-assembly of linear poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) copolymers at the air-water interface

The interfacial properties of amphiphilic linear diblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) were studied at the air-water (A/W) interface by surface pressure measurements (isotherms and hysteresis experiments). The resulting Langmuir monolayers were transferred onto mica substrates and the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film morphologies were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). All block copolymers had the same PEO segment (Mn = 2670 g/mol) and different PCL chain lengths (Mn = 1270; 2110; 3110 and 4010 g/mol). Isothermal characterization of the block copolymer samples indicated the presence of three distinct phase transitions around 6.5, 10.5, and 13.5 mN/m. The phase transitions at 6.5 and 13.5 mN/m correspond to the dissolution of the PEO segments in the water subphase and crystallization of the PCL blocks above the interface similarly as for the corresponding homopolymers, respectively. The phase transition at 10.5 mN/m was not observed for the homopolymers alone or for their blends and arises from a brush formation of the PEO segments anchored underneath the adsorbed hydrophobic PCL segments. AFM analysis confirmed the presence of PCL crystals in the LB films with unusual hairlike/needlelike architectures significantly different from those obtained for PCL homopolymers.     

Dilational viscoelasticity of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer films at the air-water interface in the range of high surface pressures

The dynamic dilational elasticity of adsorbed and spread films of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers at the air-water interface was measured as a function of surface pressure, surface age, and frequency. At low surface pressures (<10 mN/m), the surface viscoelasticity is identical to that of PEO homopolymer films. The results at higher surface pressures can be explained by the desorption of PPO segments from the interface and then mixing with PEO segments in water. Unlike some recent results, the spread and adsorbed films are not identical. Spread films exhibit a maximum real part of the dynamic surface elasticity of about 20 mN/m and probably begin to dissolve in water at surface pressures above 19 mN/m. However, the surface elasticity of the adsorbed films decreases beyond the maximum, indicating the formation of a loose surface structure.     

高分子表面活性剂P(AM-co-OPMA)的合成与表征

辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)(OP-10)与马来酸酐在95℃下反应,合成了辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚马来酸单酯(OPMA);并在水溶液中与丙烯酰胺(AM)单体进行共聚合,获得了高分子表面活性剂P(AM-co-OPMA);考察了引发剂用量、单体组成、单体总浓度及反应温度对共聚物特性粘数与阴离子度的影响.通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光发射光谱和电导滴定对共聚物结构和组成进行了表征;利用视频光学接触角测量仪分别测定了共聚物表面和界面张力.结果表明,在聚丙烯酰胺分子主链上引入OPMA链节后,不仅保持了PAM优良的增稠能力(特性粘数达764.31 mL/g),且赋予了共聚物较高的表面活性(浓度为1.5 g/L共聚物水溶液的表面和界面张力分别可达53.94 mN/m和5.41 mN/m).     

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy coupled with Brewster angle microscopy for studying interactions of amphiphilic triblock copolymers with phospholipid monolayers

Novel water-soluble amphiphilic triblock copolymers poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA-b-PPO-b-PGMA) were synthesized because of their expected enhanced ability to interact with biological membranes compared to the well-known poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO) block copolymers. Their bulkier hydrophilic PGMA blocks might induce a disturbance in the packing of liquid-crystalline lipid bilayers in addition to the effect caused by the hydrophobic PPO block alone. To gain a better insight into the polymer-membrane interactions at the molecular level, the adsorption kinetics and concomitant interactions of (PGMA14)(2-)PPO(34) with model membranes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were monitored using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) coupled with Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and surface pressure (pi) measurements. The maximum penetration surface pressure of ca. 39 mN/m suggests that (PGMA14)(2-)PPO(34) is able to insert into lipid monolayers even above the so-called monolayer-bilayer equivalent pressure of 30-35 mN/m. Copolymer adsorption to a liquid-expanded DPPC-d62 monolayer proceeds in a two-step mechanism: (i) initially only the more hydrophobic PPO middle block penetrates the lipid monolayer; (ii) following the liquid-expanded-liquid-condensed (LE-LC) phase transition, the bulky PGMA hydrophilic blocks are dragged into the headgroup region as the PPO block inserts further into the fatty acid region. The adsorption kinetics is considerably faster for DMPC-d54 monolayers due to their higher fluidity. Copolymer adsorption to an LC-DPPC-d62 monolayer leads to a change in the monolayer packing by forcing the lipid alkyl chains into a more vertical orientation, their tilt angle with respect to the surface normal being reduced from initially 30 degrees +/- 3 degrees to 18 degrees +/- 3 degrees. BAM images rule out macroscopic phase separation and show that coalescence of DPPC-d62 LC domains takes place at relatively low surface pressures of pi > or = 23 mN/m, suggesting that (PGMA14)(2-)PPO (34) partitions into both LE as well as LC domains.     

不同软段长度PBT-co-PBS-b-PEG嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

用熔融缩聚法合成了一系列具有不同软段长度的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯 (PBT) co 聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS) b 聚乙二醇 (PEG)嵌段共聚物 (PTSG) ,考察了PEG分子量 (Mn(PEG) )及PBS摩尔分数 (MPBS)对材料性能的影响 实验表明 ,随Mn(PEG)增加 ,缩聚反应时间延长 ,所得产物分子量均呈较为对称的单峰分布 ,多分散性指数小于 2 0 硬段序列结构分析显示 ,随MPBS 增加 ,PBT平均序列长度减小 ,而PBS平均序列长度增加 ,二者呈无规分布 .受组成及硬段平均序列长度变化影响 ,材料内部呈微观相分离状态 ,DSC曲线上可分别观察到软、硬段熔点及玻璃化转变温度 ;硬段熔点及结晶度随MPBS升高而降低 ,主要是受其平均序列长度变化及共晶作用所致 .材料断裂延伸率及降解速率均随Mn(PEG)及MPBS增加而增加 ,可见提高软段长度及降低硬段结晶度等均能有效改善共聚物高分子链的柔韧性及亲水性 ,赋予共聚物更好的降解性能 .     

CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK POLYMERS HAVING GLUCOSE RESIDUES AND THEIR STRUCTURE FORMATION

Vinyl ether (VE)-based amphiphilic block copolymers with D-glucose residues as hydrophilicpendants were synthesized by CH_3 CH(OiBu)Cl/ZnI_2-initiated sequential living cationic copolymerization of3-O-(vinyloxy)ethyl-1, 2:5, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose (IGVE) and isobutyl VE (IBVE ) andsubsequent deprotection. The precursor block copolymers had a narrow molecular weight distribution(M_w/M_n～1.1) and a controlled segmental composition. The solubility characteristics of the amphiphiliccopolymer depended strongly on composition. Their solvent-cast thin films were examined, under atransmission electron microscope, and could be seen to exhibit various microphase-separated surfacemorphologies such as spheres, cylinders, and lamellae, depending on composition. The amphiphiliccopolymers with the appropriate segmental composition were found to form a stable monolayer at the air-water interface, which was successfully transferred onto a substrate by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)technique. The layered strucfure of the built-up LB films was controlled by blending the homopolymer.     

Phase behavior and interfacial properties of diblock copolymer-homopolymer ternary mixtures: Influence of volume fraction of copolymers and interaction energy

We use a Monte Carlo method to study the phase and interfacial behaviors of A-b-B diblocks in a blend of homopolymers, A and B, which are confined between two asymmetric hard and impenetrable walls. Our results show that, when the interaction strength is weak, the block copolymersare uniformly distributed in the ternary mixtures under considered concentrations. Under strong interaction strength, distribution region of the block copolymers changes from a single smooth interface to a curved interface or multi-layer interface in the ternary mixtures. Furthermore, our findings show that with increasing volume fraction of A-b-B diblock copolymer(фC), copolymer profiles broaden while фC≥ 0.4, a lamellar phase is formed and by further increasing фC, more thinner layers are observed. Moreover, the results show that, with the increase of фC, the phase interface first gradually transforms from plane to a curved surface rather than micelle or lamellar phase while with the increase of the interaction between A and B segments(ε_(AB)), the copolymer chains not only get stretched in the direction perpendicular to the interface, but also are oriented. The simulations also revealthat the difference between symmetric and asymmetric copolymers is negligible in statistics if the lengths of two blocksare comparable.     

Flexibility of the triblock copolymers modulating their penetration and expulsion mechanism in Langmuir monolayers of dihexadecyl phosphoric acid

The surface activity of the poly–[block (ethylene oxide)]–poly [block (propylene oxide)]–poly [block (ethylene oxide)] copolymers (EO)_x–(PO)_y–(EO)_x adsorbed together with dihexadecyl phosphoric acid (DHP), a synthetic phospholipid, is analyzed from their surface pressure and surface potential isotherms. The block copolymers of (EO)_x–(PO)_y–(EO)_x with variable molecular weight (1100–14 000) were dissolved in the subphase for DHP monolayers. The concentration of the copolymers within the aqueous subphase were selected to render an initial surface tension of 60 mN/m. The simultaneous adsorption of the copolymer and DHP is attested by the observation of a liquid expanded state at large areas, absent for pure DHP monolayers. Above some critical surface pressure all copolymers cited above are expelled from the interface. The surface potential isotherms, which give information on the component of the molecular dipole moment normal to the plane of the monolayer, are interpreted in terms of changes in the copolymer conformation as well as in terms of the copolymer desorption from the air–liquid interface. For an equal hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio, the size of the chains or molecular weight is decisive in the mechanism of the copolymer expulsion from the air–liquid interface.