核壳结构Beta/MCM-22双微孔复合分子筛的合成与表征

以Beta分子筛为晶核,通过二步水热晶化法成功制备了形态良好的Beta/MCM-22核壳结构复合分子筛。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及N2吸附-脱附技术等对分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,复合分子筛形态规整,Beta与MCM-22分别作为核壳而共生;Beta/MCM-22复合分子筛孔结构性质介于MCM-22、Beta分子筛之间。在酸性分布上,复合分子筛的中强酸及B酸所占比例显著增加(CB/CL=13.8)。通过Ar-H2等离子体对Beta分子筛进行处理,使其表面能提高并使表面正电荷富集、硅羟基增加,这是形成良好Beta/MCM-22核壳结构的内在原因。     

具有多级孔MCM-41/Y复合分子筛的合成及表征

采用晶种法和纳米组装法合成了MCM-41/Y复合分子筛,通过粉末XRD、SEM、TEM和BET等手段对其物性进行表征,结果显示:采用晶种法合成的形貌以包埋型为主,采用纳米组装法合成的材料为附晶生长和自组装型.二者均具有微、介孔多级孔道结构,比表面积达到665.1和849.3 m2·g-1,总孔容分别为0.6438和0.6529 cm3·g-1,相对于单一Y分子筛明显增大.纳米组装法合成样品的比表面积增大更为显著,这是由于两种合成体系粒子表面电荷和集聚方式不同.     

含有多级孔复合分子筛的复合催化剂上合成气一步制二甲醚

以Beta分子筛为核、Y型分子筛为壳层的多级孔复合分子筛(BFZ)作为甲醇脱水催化剂用于固定床中合成气一步法制备二甲醚,并与纯Y型分子筛进行了比较,研究了二甲醚合成催化反应活性与甲醇脱水催化剂孔道结构和酸性之间的关系.结果表明,复合分子筛HBFZ具有中等强度的酸性和中孔孔道结构,有利于提高合成气制备二甲醚的催化反应活性.二甲醚直接合成催化剂由工业CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂(CZA)与分子筛(HBFZ、HY)采用机械混合方法制备;催化评价结果显示,CZA/HBFZ比CZA/HY具有更优的催化活性和稳定性.在250 ℃, 5.0 MPa 和 1 500 h^-1的反应条件下,CZA/HBFZ催化剂上CO的转化率和DME的选择性分别达到94.2%和67.9%.     

同晶外延生长法合成MFI型核壳复合分子筛

采用二次热液结晶法,以四丙基氢氧化铵水溶液预处理过的低硅ZSM-5分子筛为晶核,通过调控p H值、水量和晶化时间等二次结晶条件,在晶核上外延生长了高硅ZSM-5壳,制备了MFI/MFI核壳型复合分子筛。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能量色散谱仪、透射电子显微镜、N2吸附-脱附和NH3-程序升温脱附等手段表征了所合成的核壳分子筛的晶体结构、表面形态及核/壳界面,并对它们的结构参数以及酸性进行了初步评估。结果表明,核壳复合分子筛的壳层由多层200 nm的MFI沸石晶粒组成;高硅ZSM-5分子筛壳层的生成,引入了介孔结构,显著增大了外比表面积;同时,核壳结构的形成降低了复合分子筛酸性和外表面的酸密度,但增加了弱酸量。当二次晶化母液p H值为8.5,H2O/SO2物质的量比为30,晶化时间为24 h时,高硅分子筛壳层更易可控生长。     

SAPO-11/Beta复合分子筛的合成及其异构化性能研究

以Beta分子筛为硅源通过水热合成法合成了SAPO-11/Beta复合分子筛,采用X射线衍射、N2物理吸脱附、扫描电镜、透视电镜-能谱分析、固体核磁及吡啶红外等方法对单分子筛、复合分子筛和机械混合分子筛的物化性质进行了表征.以正十二烷为模型化合物,在固定床反应器上考察了铂负载型分子筛催化剂的异构化性能.结果表明,复合分子筛的物理化学性质明显不同于单分子筛和机械混合分子筛,其呈现核壳结构,SAPO-11和Beta间存在化学作用,使得复合分子筛具有适宜的B酸分布.在正十二烷异构化反应中,复合分子筛催化剂的异构化性能优于单分子筛催化剂和机械混合分子筛催化剂,多支链异构体收率高.     

核壳型沸石分子筛的合成、表征与应用

概述了核壳型沸石分子筛的合成、表征和催化应用等方面的最新研究成果,总结了其结构特点与分类、制备方法和合成过程关键影响因素,并展望了核壳型沸石分子筛研究的发展方向和其在催化、吸附和分离方面的应用前景.根据其合成方法和两相结构类型的异同,核壳型沸石分子筛可分为三类:同晶型核壳沸石分子筛、外延共生型核壳沸石分子筛和复合型核壳沸石分子筛.     

Silicalite-1修饰的HY型分子筛及其对纤维素水解的催化性能

采用silicalite-1对HY型分子筛进行修饰,得到具有核壳结构的复合分子筛HY/silicalite-1。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2的吸附-脱附及吡啶吸附红外(Py-FTIR)等手段对不同晶化时间合成的HY/silicalite-1复合分子筛进行了表征,研究了复合分子筛对纤维素水解的催化性能。结果表明,晶化时间直接影响复合分子筛的晶体生长规律和两组分的相对含量,最佳晶化时间为16-24 h,所得到的复合分子筛外貌呈核壳结构,silicalite-1附晶生长在HY型分子筛的表面;随着晶化时间的延长,复合分子筛的表面由胶浊状变为光滑,最终变为鳞片状;其B酸量先减少后增加,而L酸量则先增加后减少。其中,晶化时间为24 h的HY/silicalite-1复合分子筛B酸量最大,L酸量最小,对纤维素水解反应具有良好的催化性能,葡萄糖收率由HY型分子筛催化获得的28.0%大幅提高至45.8%。     

HZSM-5/SAPO-11负载Cr_2O_3催化转化LPG制低碳烯烃活性研究

SAPO-11晶化液中预置HZSM-5合成了HZSM-5(核)/SAPO-11(壳)复合分子筛。以复合分子筛为载体负载10%Cr_2O_3,研究了其孔分布、酸性质及其对液化石油气(LPG)转化制乙烯和丙烯反应的催化性能。结果表明,复合分子筛由HZSM-5表面包覆不同厚度的SAPO-11微晶组成,随着晶化时间延长,复合分子筛壳层厚度增加。复合分子筛负载Cr_2O_3催化剂的介孔率先增加后降低;弱酸量先增加后降低,强酸强度增加,强酸量先降低后增加,强酸密度减小。复合分子筛载体在LPG选择转化反应中催化性能优于单个分子筛和机械混合分子筛,其中,晶化12 h合成样品负载Cr_2O_3用于LPG转化反应对原料总转化率和乙烯+丙烯选择性最高,分别为42.63%和65.89%,CH_4和C_(5+)选择性分别为6.32%和15.48%。通过控制晶化时间可调变壳层厚度、复合分子筛介孔率以及酸性质,改善产物分布。     

晶种和溶剂对复合分子筛形成的影响

采用包埋法合成ZSM-5/SAPO-5核壳结构复合分子筛,研究了凝胶组成对该材料性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜等手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,合成的分子筛是以ZSM-5为核,SAPO-5为壳的双结构复合分子筛。通过向凝胶中加入晶种或者调节溶剂性质可以明显改变复合材料的结晶度和颗粒形貌。引入晶种合成材料的颗粒形貌以椭圆型为主,分子筛的结晶度增加;以醇和水混合物为溶剂合成分子筛的颗粒仍以球形为主,分子筛的结晶速率降低,结晶度的最高值降低。     

气相转移法与水热合成法合成ZSM-5/SAPO-5核壳结构复合分子筛的比较

以磷酸、拟薄水铝石和硅溶胶为原料,三乙胺为模板剂,在不同晶化温度和晶化时间的实验条件下,分别采用水热合成法和气相转移法合成了一系列ZSM-5/SAPO-5核壳结构复合分子筛,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线能量散射谱、红外光谱和N2吸附等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所合成的分子筛是以ZSM-5为核,以SAPO-5为壳的双结构复合分子筛.晶化温度的提高和晶化时间的延长有利于分子筛结晶度的提高.与水热合成法相比,采用气相转移法可以减小壳层SAPO-5的颗粒尺寸,减少脱离ZSM-5表面独立生长的SAPO-5的量,改善SAPO-5在ZSM-5表面的分布.重油裂化结果表明,核壳结构复合分子筛对生成低碳烯烃的催化性能优于机械混合的样品.     

Extraordinarily high activity in the hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene over Pd supported on mesoporous zeolite Y

Design and preparation of highly active hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts is very important for the removal of air pollution. Herein, we report an extraordinarily active HDS catalyst, which is synthesized by loading of Pd on mesoporous zeolite Y (Pd/HY-M). The mesoporous zeolite Y is successfully synthesized using a water glass containing N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl-N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) ammonium [(C(2)H(5)O)(3)SiC(3)H(6)N(CH(3))(2)C(18)H(37)](+) cation as a mesoscale template. Compared with mesoporous Beta and ZSM-5 supported Pd catalysts (80.0% and 73.4% for Pd/HBeta-M and Pd/HZSM-5-M, respectively) as well as commercial catalyst of γ-Al(2)O(3) supported Pd catalyst (31.4%), Pd/HY-M catalyst exhibited very high activity in HDS of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DM-DBT, 97.3%). The higher activity of Pd/HY-M than that of Pd/HBeta-M and Pd/HZSM-5-M is assigned to the larger micropore size of zeolite Y compared to that of Beta and ZSM-5. Theoretical simulation and adsorption experimental data show that 4,6-DM-DBT has difficulty entering the micropores of ZSM-5 and Beta zeolites, but the micropores of Y zeolite are accessible.     

ZSM-5/Y复合分子筛的酸性及其重油催化裂化性能

 ZSM-5/Y是本研究组合成的一种新型复合分子筛材料. 用“两次交换,两次焙烧”和磷 酸氢二铵浸渍方法对该复合分子筛材料进行了改性,采用红外光谱表征了复合分子筛的酸性,研究了磷改性对复合分子筛样品羟基区谱学性质的影响,并与相应的机械混合分子筛样品进 行了对比. 红外光谱数据表明,磷改性后复合分子筛的B酸(主要是中强酸)增加,而机械混合分子筛在各个酸强度区域的B酸量和L酸量都减少. 以新疆重油为原料考察了改性后复合分子 筛样品和机械混合分子筛样品的催化裂化性能. 与相应的机械混合分子筛催化剂相比,磷改 性复合分子筛催化剂具有较高的柴油选择性,其柴油产率增加了4.1个百分点,柴汽比增加了0.11,总轻油产率与机械混合分子筛相当. 用气体产物中的CMR(裂化机理比)和C3/C4比 值分析了复合分子筛的催化性能与其聚集体结构的关系.     

Confined space synthesis. A novel route to nanosized zeolites

Confined space synthesis is a novel method in zeolite synthesis. It involves crystallization of the zeolite inside the pore system of an inert mesoporous matrix. In this way it is possible to prepare nanosized zeolites with a controlled size distribution by proper choice of the inert matrix. Here, confined space synthesis was adopted to prepare nanosized ZSM-5, zeolite Beta, zeolite X, and zeolite A with tailored crystal size distributions using mesoporous carbon blacks as inert matrices. All zeolites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption prior to and after removal of the carbon matrix. ZSM-5 with Si/Al ratios of 50, 100, and infinity (silicalite-1) were synthesized with controlled average crystal sizes in the range 20-75 nm. Nanosized zeolite Beta (7-30 nm), zeolite X (22-60 nm), and zeolite A (25-37 nm) were prepared similarly. Removal of the carbon matrix by controlled combustion allows a convenient method for isolation of the pure and highly crystalline zeolites. Therefore, confined space synthesis appears to be an attractive method for preparation of zeolites with a controlled size distribution.     

Beta分子筛晶种法合成及其加氢脱氧性能

采用晶种法制备一系列Beta分子筛,考察了晶化温度和时间等因素对合成Beta分子筛的影响,并采用XRD、XRF、SEM、N₂物理吸附、TG-DSC等手段对产物进行表征,结果显示合成的Beta分子筛具有良好的结晶度、孔道结构、热稳定性和相近的硅铝比;通过对初始凝胶进行老化处理可加快Beta分子筛的晶化速率,产物晶粒尺寸变小、比表面积和孔容变大;在晶种-凝胶体系中加入少量有机模板剂,Beta分子筛的收率和热稳定性均有提升.NH₃-TPD和Pyridine-FTIR分析结果表明不存在有机模板剂的晶种-凝胶体系中合成的Beta分子筛催化剂有更多的总酸量和Brønsted酸的数量,使其在苯甲醚加氢脱氧反应中表现出高活性和环己烷选择性.     

Gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis: An effective way to tune the textural properties of zeolite and the acidity of Beta molecular sieves

Novel hierarchical Beta zeolites have been successfully synthesized via a one‐pot dual‐templates strategy utilizing gemini organic surfactant and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH)through hydrothermal process. The influence of several parameters on the formation of hierarchical Beta zeolite, the change in acidity and a possible growth scheme were systematically investigated. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by PXRD, BET, SEM, HRTEM SAED, TG and NH₃‐TPD techniques, and the performance as acid catalysts was verified using the transformation of EtOH as a model reaction. On one hand, WAXRD data indicated that decreasing the temperature of synthesis and increasing amounts of C_12‐6‐12 in the process of synthesis resulted in lower crystallinity of Beta zeolites due to the BEA nuclei formation and crystal growth constrained by C_12‐6‐12. On the other hand, SAXRD and HRTEM data evidenced that C_12‐6‐12 initially generated a pseudo‐ordered mesoporous phase which was then partially occupied by the zeolite. After a period of ~96 h for crystallization, the hierarchy zeolite possessing 765.7 m²·g^‐1 of Brunauer‐Emmett‐Tellerarea, and average mesopore size distribution of 3.51 nm can be synthesized, and its microporous structure has a good crystallinity and lower amounts of acid sites than that of the microporous Beta one. Furthermore, the as‐obtained hierarchical zeolite displayed lower deactivation rate mainly due to the less coke formation on the surface of catalyst. It is expected to develop more considerable potential application value for the hierarchical Beta zeolite structure in the near future.     

添加β沸石的烃类裂化催化剂性能研究

采用固体硅源、铝源和四乙基氢氧化铵（TEAOH）在极浓体系中成功合成了硅铝摩尔比（SiO₂/Al₂O₃）分别为30和150的β沸石。同时用硅铝摩尔比为30的β沸石为原料,在70℃下采用草酸脱铝制备了硅铝摩尔比接近150的样品。直接合成或经脱铝改性的β沸石采用XRD、SEM、吡啶吸附红外光谱和N2吸附对其晶相、酸性、比表面积和孔体积进行了表征。将三种β沸石分别作为烃类裂化催化剂的活性组分添加剂,对其催化剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明,三种β沸石的引入都可以提高裂化催化剂的活性和改善产品分布,低硅β沸石催化剂能改善催化剂的异构化反应性能和提高乙烯、丙烯的选择性,高硅β沸石或脱铝β沸石催化剂有利于裂化汽油中烯烃的芳构化和C4烯烃产率的提高,并可减少结焦。     

Application of Different Zeolites for Improvement of the Characteristics of a pH‐FET Biosensor Based on Immobilized Urease

Different modifications of the zeolites Na⁺‐Beta and LTA were applied for improving the working characteristics of a urea biosensor. The bioselective membrane of the biosensor was based on urease and different zeolites co‐immobilized with bovine serum albumin on the surface of a pH‐FET. It was shown that the biosensors modified with the zeolites H⁺‐Beta30 and H⁺‐Beta50 are characterized by increased sensitivity to urea. The influence of the zeolite concentration on the sensitivity of the biosensors was studied. The optimal concentration of the zeolites H⁺‐Beta30 and H⁺‐Beta50 in the bioselective membrane was 15 %. Different variants of co‐immobilization of urease and zeolite H⁺‐Beta30 were studied and the optimal method was selected. Thus, a general conclusion is that the urea biosensor sensitivity can be improved using zeolite H⁺‐Beta30 for urease immobilization in the bioselective membrane.