高效发光材料[(C^N)2IrL]+阳离子配合物的结构和光谱特征

从理论上研究了一系列Ir(Ⅲ)[(C^N)2IrL]+[C^N=ppy, L=pzpy(1); C^N=dfppy, L=pzpy(2); C^N=ppy, L=pybi(3); C^N=tpy, L=acac(4); 其中ppy=2-苯基吡啶, dfppy=2-(2,4-双氟苯基)吡啶, pzpy=2-吡唑基吡啶, pybi=1-苯基-2-(吡啶基)-1H-苯并咪唑, tpy=2-(4-甲苯基)-吡啶, acac=乙酰丙酮]配合物的结构和光谱特征. 分别在B3LYP/LanL2DZ和CIS/LanL2DZ计算水平下优化了它们的基态和激发态结构. 计算得到的Ir-N, Ir-C和Ir-O基态键长和相应实验值符合较好. 在激发态下, Ir-N和Ir-C键长增加了约0.0003~0.003 nm, 而Ir-O键长则缩短了约0.0012 nm. 在含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算水平下, 结合极化连续介质模型(PCM), 得到配合物1~4的最低能的吸收和发射分别出现在398 nm(1), 370 nm(2), 419 nm(3)和437 nm(4)以及511 nm(1), 457 nm(2), 602 nm(3)和479 nm(4). 配合物1, 2, 4的跃迁属于d(Ir)+π(C^N)→π*(C^N)的电荷转移跃迁, 而化合物3的跃迁则归因于d(Ir)+π(C^N)→π*(pybi)的电荷转移跃迁. 这表明此类配合物的吸收和发射主要受前线分子轨道的金属成分控制, 同时也受辅助配体L的影响.     

三种席夫碱-Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的电子结构和吸收光谱的理论计算

采用B3LYP/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ方法优化了三种Ni(Ⅱ)的席夫碱配合物基态的几何构型,并在相同水平下进行了频率分析以确认稳定点的性质;利用含时密度泛函理论和极化连续介质模型(PCM),按TDB3LYP/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平计算了目标配合物在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中的电子结构和吸收光谱.计算结果表明,配体中间位甲氧基的存在使配合物A具有较大的HOMO-LUMO能级差;且三种Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的S0→S1态的跃迁能按照A→B→C的顺序依次降低.     

两种4-氨基安替比林席夫碱-Pt(Ⅱ)配合物电子光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在PBE0/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平下,对两种含有不同取代基的4-氨基安替比林席夫碱-Pt(Ⅱ)配合物A和B的几何构型、前线分子轨道及其分布特征进行理论计算.在优化构型的基础上,用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)在相同水平下对上述配合物进行电子吸收光谱研究.计算还考虑了二氯甲烷溶剂对电子结构和光谱性质的影响.结果表明,配合物A和B的最强吸收波长分别来自于HOMO→LUMO和HOMO-5→LUMO的跃迁,以上跃迁存在明显的分子内电荷转移的特征.此外,在4-氨基安替比林配体上引入强的给电子基团-N(CH3)2,配合物A的最大吸收波长相对于配合物B发生了红移现象.     

含长链β-二酮环金属铂配合物的电子光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的 理论研究

在B3LYP/LanL2DZ(6-31＋＋G**)理论水平对标题化合物进行结构优化和电子光谱与二阶非线性光学性质计算. 结果显示, 重金属的配合导致Pt原子与苯环, 吡啶环, β-二酮羰基环构成较大的共轭体系, 使得分子由基态到第一激发态的p→p*和n→p*跃迁伴随MLCT电荷转移, 对应的最大吸收波长在406 nm左右, 属于近紫外区, β-二酮碳链的长度对结构和电子光谱影响很小, 与实验结果一致. 长链β-二酮环金属铂配合物分子具有较好的非线性光学性质.     

抗癌性钌配合物[HL][trans-Ru~ⅢCl_4L_2](L=2-NH_2-5-Me-STz)的水解机理

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT),并结合导体极化连续模型(CPCM)研究了具有潜在抗肿瘤活性的"Keppier型"钌配合物trans-[Ru~ⅢCl_4(2-NH_2-5-Me-STz)2](1)的水解反应过程.首先,在UB3LYP/(LanL2DZ+6-31G(d))理论水平上对水解反应中各平衡构型在气相条件下的有关结构进行全几何优化及振动频率分析;然后,在更高的基组水平LanL2DZ(f)+6-311HG(3df,2dp)上对优化的结构进行单点能计算,并考虑溶剂效应.计算得到水解反应过程中相应的结构特征和详细的反应势能面.对于第一步水解,液相中配合物1的活化能垒为92.9 kJ·mol~(-1),与已经报道的配合物trans.[Ru~ⅢCl_4(2-NH_2-Tz)_2](2)的活化能垒(96.3 kJ·mol~(-1))相接近,并与实验结果相符.对于第二步水解,反应在热力学上优先生成顺式双水解产物,恰如顺铂的水解反应机理一样,存在着所谓"顺式效应".即生成的顺式水解产物有利于其与生物分子靶标的键合,因此,顺式双水解产物在生物反应中有望成为重要的前体药物.本文研究结果有助于深入理解抗癌性Ru(Ⅲ)配合物与相关生物靶标的作用机理.     

[M(Im)2X2]型配合物的Far-IR和Raman光谱的理论研究

本文用从头计算RHF和密度泛函B3LYP方法以及LanL2DZ，SDD和6-31G(d)基组计算了配合物M(Im)₂X₂ (Im=imidazole；M=Zn(Ⅱ)，Pd(Ⅱ)，Pt(Ⅱ)；X=F，Cl，Br，I)的几何构型以及Far-IR和Raman振动频率。计算结果表明，对Zn(Ⅱ)配合物而言,B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法得到的几何参数与实验值吻合得最好，B3LYP/SDD次之。在计算Far-IR和Raman振动频率时，发现采用6-31G(d)基组，两种方法计算的结果差别不大。对LanL2DZ和SDD基组而言，对计算结果影响较大的是理论方法，基组影响甚微，个别的振动频率基组影响较大，相比较而言，SDD基组得到的结果更好一些。本文所使用的两种计算方法都能得到与实验值比较吻合的结果，而用从头计算RHF方法计算的结果与实验值更接近一些。在此基础上，预测了Pd(Ⅱ)和Pt(Ⅱ)配合物的Far-IR和Raman振动频率。     

Sm(OPr~i)β_2配合物掺杂改性醇酸树脂油墨基质的发光性能

合成了稀土钐配合物Sm(OPri)β2,并与油墨用改性醇酸树脂等复配,考察不同β-二酮如α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA)、二苯甲酰甲烷(HDBM)、乙酰丙酮(HAA)对油墨基质的荧光性能的影响。紫外光谱(UV)结果表明,掺杂稀土配合物后,217nm处的紫外吸收峰显著增强。荧光光谱(FS)表明,掺杂配合物Sm(OPri)(DBM)2或Sm(OPri)(AA)2,油墨基质主要呈现位于460nm附近醇酸树脂荧光发射峰;而掺杂Sm(OPri)(TTA)2配合物在365nm波长激发下,在562nm、598nm、644nm处发射较强的Sm3+离子4G5/2→6H5/2,4G5/2→6H7/2,4G5/2→6H9/2跃迁的特征荧光。     

抗癌性钌配合物[HL][trans-RuⅢCl4L2](L=4H-1，2，4-triazole)水解机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,并结合导体极化连续模型(CPCM)研究了具有抗肿瘤活性的"Keppler型"钌配合物[Htrz][trans-RuⅢCl4(4H-1,2,4-triazole)2](1)的水解反应过程。首先,在B1B95/(LanL2DZ+6-31G(d))理论水平上对水解反应中各平衡构型在气相条件下的有关结构进行全几何优化及振动频率分析。然后,在更高的基组水平LanL2DZ(f)+6-311++G(3df,2dp)上对优化的结构进行单点能计算,并考虑溶剂效应。计算得到水解反应过程中相应的结构特征和详细的反应势能面。对于第一步水解,水溶液中配合物1的活化能垒为116.6 kJ.mol-1,比已经报道的配合物[ImH][trans-RuⅢCl4(Im)2](ICR)的活化能垒高得多,进一步证实了降低含氮杂环中N原子碱性,可增强配合物在水溶液中的稳定性的水解规律。对于第二步水解,如同已经研究的多数"Keppler型"抗肿瘤钌配合物一样,反应在热力学上优先生成顺式双水解产物。     

抗癌性钌配合物[HL][trans-RuIIICl4L2](L=2-NH2-5-Me-STz)的水解机理

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT), 并结合导体极化连续模型(CPCM)研究了具有潜在抗肿瘤活性的“Keppler型”钌配合物trans-[RuIIICl4(2-NH2-5-Me-STz)2](1)的水解反应过程. 首先, 在UB3LYP/(LanL2DZ+6-31G(d))理论水平上对水解反应中各平衡构型在气相条件下的有关结构进行全几何优化及振动频率分析; 然后, 在更高的基组水平LanL2DZ(f)+6-311++G(3df,2dp)上对优化的结构进行单点能计算, 并考虑溶剂效应. 计算得到水解反应过程中相应的结构特征和详细的反应势能面. 对于第一步水解, 液相中配合物1的活化能垒为92.9 kJ·mol-1, 与已经报道的配合物trans-[RuIIICl4(2-NH2-Tz)2](2)的活化能垒(96.3 kJ·mol-1)相接近, 并与实验结果相符. 对于第二步水解, 反应在热力学上优先生成顺式双水解产物, 恰如顺铂的水解反应机理一样, 存在着所谓“顺式效应”, 即生成的顺式水解产物有利于其与生物分子靶标的键合, 因此, 顺式双水解产物在生物反应中有望成为重要的前体药物. 本文研究结果有助于深入理解抗癌性Ru(III)配合物与相关生物靶标的作用机理.     

镍和钯两种金属配合物电子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在PBE0/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平下优化了Ni和Pd两种金属配合物A和B的基态几何构型,并在相同水平下进行了频率分析以确认都是实频.利用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)和极化连续介质模型(PCM),在TD-PBE0/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平下,计算了配合物A和B在二氯甲烷溶剂中的电子结构和吸收光谱.计算结果表明,与中心配位原子Pd相比,Ni较强的配位作用使配合物A具有较小的HOMO-LUMO能级差,从而导致配合物A的最大吸收波长发生红移.     

手性络合物[M(bpy)_2(phen)]~(2+)和[M(phen)_2(bpy)]~(2+)(M=Ru,Os)圆二色谱的理论解析

应用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/LanL2DZ水平上对C2对称性的混配络合物[M(bpy)2(phen)]2+和[M(phen)2(bpy)]2+(M=Ru、Os;bpy=2,2'-bipyridine;phen=1,10-phenanthroline)在水溶液中的几何构型进行了优化,并用TDDFT/B3LYP方法和相同的基组计算了其激发能、旋转强度和振子强度,绘制了相应的圆二色谱(CD).在分析有关跃迁性质的基础上,对实验圆二色谱的谱带进行了明确的解析和指认,同时讨论了短波区激子裂分的规律性.结果表明:四种络合物在长波区(λ>320nm)的CD吸收带主要是由d-π*跃迁产生的荷移谱带;短波区(λ<320nm)则是配体上平行于长轴的π-π*跃迁产生的激子耦合带,且对于Λ构型表现为正的手性激子裂分.其中,[M(bpy)2(phen)]2+只显示出正负两个激子带,分属于联吡啶和邻菲咯啉配体;而[M(phen)2(bpy)]2+则有三个激子带,其中左侧的两个(一负一正)属于邻菲咯啉配体,右侧的正带则属于联吡啶配体.此外,尽管激子耦合属于远程相互作用,但用TDDFT计算的激子裂分样式仍是正确的.这些结论对于深入理解有...     

Unusual solvent effect on a SN2 reaction. A quantum-mechanical and kinetic study of the Menshutkin reaction between 2-amino-1-methylbenzimidazole and iodomethane in the gas phase and in acetonitrile

The quaternization reaction between 2-amino-1-methylbenzimidazole and iodomethane was investigated in the gas phase and in liquid acetonitrile. Both experimental and theoretical techniques were used in this study. In the experimental part of this work, accurate second-order rate constants were obtained for this reaction in acetonitrile from conductivity data in the 293-323 K temperature range and at ambient pressure. From two different empirical equations describing the effect of temperature on reaction rates, thermodynamic functions of activation were calculated. In the theoretical part of this work, the mechanism of this reaction was investigated in the gas phase and in acetonitrile. Two different quantum levels (B3LYP/[6-311++G(3df,3pd)/LanL2DZ]//B3LYP/[6-31G(d)/LanL2DZ] and B3LYP/[6-311++G(3df,3pd)/LanL2DZ]//B3LYP/[6-31+G(d)/LanL2DZ]) were used in the calculations, and the acetonitrile environment was modeled using the polarized continuum model (PCM). In addition, an atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis was made aiming to characterize possible hydrogen bonding. The results obtained by both techniques are in excellent agreement and lead to new insight into the mechanism of the reaction under examination. These include the identification and thermodynamic characterization of the relevant stationary species, the rationalization of the mechanistic role played by the solvent and the amine group adjacent to the nucleophile nitrogen atom, the proposal of alternative paths on the modeled potential energy surfaces, and the origin of the marked non-Arrhenius behavior of the kinetic data in solvent acetonitrile. In particular, the AIM analysis confirmed the operation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between reactants and between products, both in the gas phase and in solution. It is also concluded that the unusual solvent effect on this Menshutkin reaction stems from the conjunction of a nucleophile possessing a relatively complex chemical structure with a dipolar aprotic solvent that is protophobic.     

Density Functional Theory Calculations on Ni-Ligand Bond Dissociation Enthalpies

The formation and breaking of Ni-L (L=N-heterocyclic carbene, tertiary phosphine etc.) bond is involved in many Ni-catalyzed/mediated reactions. The accurate prediction of Ni-L bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) is potentially important to understand these Ni-complex involving reactions. We assess the accuracy of diffierent DFT functionals (such as B3LYP, M06, MPWB1K, etc.) and diffierent basis sets, including both effective core potentials for Ni and the all electron basis sets for all other atoms in predicting the Ni-L BDE values reported recently by Nolan et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 10490 (2003) and Organometallics 27, 3181 (2008)]. It is found that the MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31+G(d,p)//MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31G(d) method gives the best correlations with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the solvent effect calculations (with CPCM, PCM, and SMD models) indicate that both CPCM and PCM perform well.     

Comparison between optimized geometries and vibrational frequencies calculated by the DFT methods for the Anderson-type heteropolyanion: hexamolybdoaluminate(III), [AlIII(OH)6Mo6O18]3-

Optimized geometries and vibrational frequencies were calculated for the hexamolybdoaluminate(III), [AlIII(OH)6Mo6O18]3-, Anderson-type heteropolyanion with the HF, B3LYP, B3PW91, B3P86 and B1LYP methods of theory using the LanL2DZ, SDD and combination of LanL2DZ with 6-31G (d, p) basis sets. The agreement between the optimized and experimental geometries was in the decreasing order: HF, B3P86, B3PW91, B1LYP and B3LYP. The calculated frequencies by the B3LYP have the smallest mean root mean square (RMS) error. The effect of the basis set on the calculated bond lengths and frequencies by the density functional calculations (DFT) methods was minor. The agreement between the previously reported IR and Raman spectra and the calculated values is, in general, good.     

Density functional theory/time-dependent DFT studies on the structures, trend in DNA-binding affinities, and spectral properties of complexes [Ru(bpy)2(p-R-pip)]2+ (R = -OH, -CH3, -H, -NO2)

Studies on the electronic structures and trend in DNA-binding affinities of a series of Ru(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)2(p-R-pip)]2+ (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine; pip = 2-phenylimidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]-phenanthroline; R = -OH, -CH3, -H, -NO2) 1-4 have been carried out, using the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. The electronic absorption spectra of these complexes were also investigated using time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) at the B3LYP//LanL2DZ/6-31G level. The computational results show that the substituents on the parent ligand (pip) have a significant effect on the electronic structures of the complexes, in particular, on the energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and near some unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO+x, x = 1-4). With the increase in electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent in this series, the LUMO+x (x = 0-4) energies of the complexes are substantially reduced in order, for example, epsilon(LUMO)(1) approximately epsilon(LUMO)(2) > epsilon(LUMO)(3) > epsilon(LUMO)(4), whereas the pi-component populations of the LUMO+x (x = 0-4) are not substantially different. Combining the consideration of the bigger steric hindrance of complex 2, the trend in DNA-binding affinities (K(b)) of the complexes, that is, K(b)(2) < K(b)(1) < K(b)(3) < K(b)(4) can be reasonably explained. In addition, the experimental singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((1)MLCT) spectra of these complexes can be well simulated and discussed by the TDDFT calculations.     

Binding to DNA purine base and structure-activity relationship of a series of structurally related Ru(II) antitumor complexes: a theoretical study

The thermodynamics of the binding of a series of structurally related Ru(II) antitumor complexes, that is, alpha-[Ru(azpy)2Cl2] 1, beta-[Ru(azpy)2Cl2] 2, alpha-[Ru(azpy)(bpy)Cl2] 3, and cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2] 4 to DNA purine bases (gunine, adenine at N7 site) has been studied by using the DFT method. The binding of imine form of 9-methyladenine (9-MeAde) to the Ru(II) moiety in a didentate fashion via its N6 and N7 atoms was also considered. The geometrical structures of the DNA model base adducts were obtained at the B3LYP/(LanL2DZ + 6-31G(d)) level in vacuo. The following exact single-point energy calculations were performed at the B3LYP/(LanL2DZ(f)+6-311+G(2d, 2p)) level both in vacuo and in aqueous solution using the COSMO model. The bond dissociation enthalpies and free energies, reaction enthalpies and free energies both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution for all considered Ru(II)-DNA model base adducts were obtained from the computations. The calculated bond dissociation enthalpies and free energies allow us to build a binding affinity order for the considered Ru(II)-DNA model base adducts. The theoretical results show that the guanine N7 is a preferred site for this series of complexes and support such an experimental fact that alpha-[Ru(azpy)(bpy)(9-EtGua)H2O](2+) (3-(9-EtGua)) is isomerized to alpha'-[Ru(azpy)(bpy)(9-EtGua)H2O](2+) (3'-(9-EtGua)). On the basis of structural and thermodynamical characteristics, the possible structure-activity relationship was obtained, and the distinct difference in cytotoxicities of this series of structurally related antitumor complexes was explained theoretically.