(AB)_8(AB=BN, AlP, GaAs, InSb)团簇环状结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法研究了(AB)8(AB=BN,AlP,GaAs,InSb)团簇环形结构的平衡几何构型、电子结构、振动特性以及极化率。计算结果表明,(AB)8团簇的双层环状结构中,每个A(B)原子都与3个B(A)原子成键,且Ⅴ族元素的原子比Ⅲ族元素的原子更接近团簇中心,(BN)8、(AlP)8、(GaAs)8、(InSb)8的平均极化率依次增大,IR和Raman谱峰发生红移。另外,讨论了热力学稳定性和动力学稳定性的变化。     

(BN)n(n≤12)团簇的结构及成键性质

利用遗传算法和Gastreich提出的经验势函数研究了(BN)_n(n≤12)团簇的可能稳定结构, 并对能量较低的异构体在HF/6-31G(d)水平进行优化, 得到了(BN)_n(n≤12)团簇的线状、蒲扇形、单环、双环、三环和笼状结构, 讨论了各种结构的特征及相对稳定性. 分析了BN团簇中原子的成键性质, 在单环结构中, N原子以sp2杂化成键, B原子以sp杂化成键, 而在节点处B原子以sp2杂化成键. (BN)6是唯一没有张力的单环结构.     

(XY)12 (X═B, Al; Y═P)团簇的结构与稳定性

采用B3LYP/6-31G*方法, 对(XY)₁₂ (X═B, Al; Y═P)笼状团簇的同分异构体进行优化, 筛选出能量最低的构型. 讨论它们的几何构型、HOMO-LUMO能隙、生成焓、核独立化学位移(NICS)和自由能. 得到(BP)₁₂和(AlP)₁₂团簇的最稳定构型均为具有T_h对称性的四、六元环组成的笼, 亚稳态结构中含有五元环.     

TinO2和TinO2-(n=1-10)团簇的几何结构、电子和磁性质

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 研究了Ti_nO₂和Ti_nO₂^- (n=1-10)团簇的几何结构、电子结构以及磁性. 结果表明, 两个氧以分离的原子状态吸附在金属团簇的表面, 呈现出以一个钛原子为中心的O-Ti-O 的相邻吸附形式. 中性团簇和阴离子团簇的能量最低结构相似. 稳定性分析表明Ti_nO₂具有很高的稳定性, 特别是TiO₂和Ti₇O₂. 此外, 详细讨论了团簇的电离势、电子亲和能、电子解离能和能隙. 基于最低能量结构, 讨论了团簇的磁性, 发现电荷从Ti 原子向O原子转移, 并且电荷转移主要发生在Ti_nO₂的Ti-3d、Ti-4s和O-2p轨道. 磁性团簇中反铁磁序占据主导, 磁矩主要来源Ti-3d电子的贡献, 而两个氧原子的贡献非常小.     

硼碳团簇BnC2 (n＝1～6)的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311＋G(d)水平上研究了硼碳团簇B_nC₂ (n＝1～6)的几何结构、生长机制和相对稳定性. 计算结果表明, 对于n＝2～6的簇, 平面多环状构型为最稳定的结构, 其中C原子分布于环的顶点、有尽可能多的三配位硼原子和尽可能多的B—C键. 碳原子作为杂原子倾向掺杂于团簇的顶点位置, 它的掺杂不改变硼团簇的主体结构. 与平面多环状结构相比, 随着簇尺寸的增大, 三维结构和线性链结构更不稳定. 在低能线性结构中, C原子位于链两侧的第二个位置. 计算的碎片分裂能、递增键能以及HOMO-LUMO能隙表明, B₄C₂为幻数簇.     

乙醇-水分子团簇C2H5OH(H2O)n (n=1-9)稳定结构的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 在B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对乙醇-水分子团簇(C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=1-9))的各种性质进行研究, 如: 优化的几何构型、结构参数、氢键、结合能、平均氢键强度、自然键轨道(NBO)电荷分布、团簇的生长规律等. 结果表明, 从二维(2-D)环状结构到三维(3-D)笼状结构的过渡出现在n=5的乙醇-水分子团簇中. 此外, 利用团簇结合能的二阶差分、形成能、能隙等性质, 发现在n=6时乙醇-水分子团簇的最低能量结构稳定性较好, 可能为幻数结构. 最后, 为了进一步探讨氢键本质, 将C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=2-9)最低能量结构的各种性质与纯水分子团簇(H₂O)_n (n=3-10)比较, 结果表明前者与后者中的水分子之间氢键相似.     

Li和Al掺杂的MgO(001)表面负载W3O9团簇的构型与电子结构

采用基于第一性原理的分子动力学和量子力学相结合的方法, 对W₃O₉团簇在经Li 和Al 原子掺杂的MgO(001)表面的负载构型、稳定性以及体系的电子结构进行了系统研究. 结果表明, 当掺杂发生在表层时, 杂质原子的类型对W₃O₉团簇的负载构型有显著影响. 对于缺电子的Li 掺杂, 负载后W₃O₉团簇环状构型并不稳定, 转化为链状结构; 而Al 原子的掺杂则使得MgO(001)表面电子富余, 此时W₃O₉团簇存在平躺和垂直两种吸附方式, 二者能量稳定性相近, 其中前者存在同时与三个W原子成键的帽氧结构. 当掺杂发生在次表层时, 两种掺杂体系W₃O₉的负载构型相似, 团簇仍保持环状结构并倾向于采用垂直方式沉积在表面上. 与Li 掺杂体系相比, 富电子的Al 掺杂可显著增强W₃O₉与MgO(001)表面之间的结合能力, 负载后有较多电子从表面转移到团簇中特定的W原子上, 这将对W₃O₉团簇的催化性能产生显著影响.     

Cux (x=1-4)团簇在CeO2(111)表面的吸附

用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了Cu团簇(Cu_x, x=1-4)在CeO₂(111)表面的吸附. 研究发现当团簇比较小时(x=2, 3), 倾向于平铺表面; 当x=4时, Cu团簇在CeO₂(111)表面以三维的四面体结构吸附较为稳定, 从Cu 3d到Ce 4f的电荷转移使Cu团簇带正电荷. 由二维的菱形结构到三维的四面体结构的转变势垒为1.05 eV, 并且其中一个Cu原子直接迁移到另外三个Cu原子的空位顶部的转变路径比较有利. 在Cu团簇与CeO₂的相互作用过程中, Cu-O和Cu-Cu相互作用的竞争最终决定了Cu团簇在CeO₂上的形貌. 这种CeO₂(111)负载的带正电的三维Cu团簇将对水分解, 进而对水煤气反应具有高的催化活性.     

AlmN2和AlmN2＋ (m＝1～8)团簇结构与稳定性的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-311G*水平上对Al_mN₂和Al_mN₂^＋ (m＝1～8)团簇的几何构型、电子结构、振动频率和分子轨道进行了理论研究. 结果表明, Al_mN₂类团簇的基态结构有两种基本构型, 一种是以N—N键为核心周围与Al原子相配位形成的, 一种是由两个Al_nN (n≤m/2)分子碎片通过共用Al原子或Al—Al键相互结合形成的. 对Al_nN分子碎片相互结合形成结构的绝热电离能讨论得到, m为偶数的团簇比m为奇数的稳定.     

GamN (m＝1～9)团簇结构与稳定性的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G*水平上对Ga_mN (m＝1～9)团簇的几何构型、电子结构、振动频率等性质进行了理论研究. 给出了将Ga_mN团簇中化学键键型和成键数目的多少与团簇的稳定性相结合, 可以较快找到Ga_mN团簇基态结构的一种方法. 通过对基态结构的能量二次差分讨论, 得到m为奇数的Ga_mN团簇比m为偶数的稳定.     

Computational studies of small (AlP)N clusters

We have carried out extensive LDA calculations to investigate the structures of small (AlP)_N clusters.We find that the polarity of the Al-P bond has a significant effect on the cluster geometries and that the need to minimize electrostatic repulsion between relatively diffuse lone pair electrons on phosphorous atoms is a dominant energetic consideration in the structural arrangement.     

Dipole polarizabilities of germanium clusters

Dipole polarizabilities of Ge_n clusters with 2–25 atoms are calculated using finite field (FF) method within density functional theory. The dipole moments and polarizabilities of clusters are sensitively dependent on the cluster geometries and electronic structures. The clusters with low symmetry and large HOMO–LUMO gap prefer to large dipole moments. The polarizabilities of the Ge_n clusters increase rapidly in the size range of 2–5 atoms and then fluctuate around the bulk value. The larger HOMO–LUMO gap may lead to smaller polarizability. As compared with the compact structure and diamond structure, the prolate cluster structure corresponds to a larger polarizability.     

Geometry and electronic properties of alkali metal (rubidium) doped boron clusters

Alkali metal-doped boron clusters have captured much attention because of their novel electronic properties and structural evolution. In the study of RbB_n^0/− (n = 2–12) clusters, the minimum global search of the potential energy surface and structure optimization at the level of PBE1PBE by using the CALYPSO method and Gaussian package coupled with DFT calculation; the geometrical structures and electronic properties are systematically investigated. At n = 8, the ground-state structures are composed of an Rb atom above B atoms, forming a structurally stable pagoda cone. By stability analysis and charge transfer calculation, the RbB₈⁻ cluster shows more stability. It found that s-p hybridization between Rb atom and B atoms as well as s-p hybridization between B atoms is one of the reasons for the outstanding stability exhibited in the RbB₈^0/− clusters by using DOS and HOMO–LUMO orbital contour maps. The chemical bonding of the RbB₈^0/− groups was analyzed by using the AdNDP method, and B atoms with larger numbers readily form multi-center chemical bonds with the Rb atom. From the results of the bonding analysis, the interaction between the Rb atom and B atoms strengthens the stability of the RbB₈^0/− clusters. It is hoped that this work provides a direction for experimental manipulation.     

Theoretical studies on carbon and silicon clusters: comparison of the structures and stabilities of neutral and ionic forms

Optimized molecular geometries and electronic structures are determined for neutral, positively charged, and negatively charged carbon and silicon clusters containing up to ten atoms. The effects of polarization functions and electron correlation are included in these claculations. Carbon clusters have linear or monocyclic ground state geometries whereas silicon clusters containing five or more atoms have three-dimensional ground state structures. Neutral C₄, C₆ and C₈ all have linear and monocyclic isomers of comparable stability whereas the ionic forms appear to be generally more stable as linear geometrical arrangements. In the case of neutral and positively charged carbon clusters, the odd-numbered clusters are significantly more stable than the adjacent even-numbered clusters whereas the opposite order of stability occurs for the negative ions. This is due to the large values of the electron affinities of the linear forms of even-numbered clusters such as C₄ and C₆. The relative stabilities of silicon clusters does not change with the charge state of the clusters.     

C74(BN)2的UV和IR 光谱研究

Equilibrium geometries of 16 possible isomers for C74（BN）2 were studied by INDO series of methods, to indicate that the most stable three geometries are those where boron and nitrogen atoms substitute carbon atoms located at the same hexagon near the longest axis of C78 （C2v） to form B-N-B-N unit. Electronic spectra of C74（BN）2 were investigated with INDO/CIS method. The reason for the red shift of UV absorptions for C74（BN）2 compared with those of C78 （C2v） was discussed. IR spectra for 9,8,28,29-C74（BN）2 and 28,29,30,31-C74（BN）2 were calculated on the basis of AM1 geometries.     

The structure and energetics of (GaAs)n, (GaAs)n(-), and (GaAs)n+ (n=2-15)

Electronic and geometrical structures of neutral, negatively, and positively charged (GaAs)n clusters are computed using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. All-electron computations are performed on (GaAs)2-(GaAs)9 while effective core potentials (ECPs) are used for (GaAs)9-(GaAs)15. Calibration calculations on GaAs and (GaAs)9 species support the use of the ECP for the larger clusters. The ground-state geometries of (GaAs)n(-) and/or (GaAs)n+ are different from the corresponding neutral ground-state geometry, except for n=7, 9, 12, 14, and 15, where the neutral and ions have similar structures. Beginning with n=6, all atoms are three coordinate, except for (GaAs)10+ and (GaAs)13+. For the larger species, there is a competition between fullerenes built from hexagons and rhombi and geometrical configurations where Ga-Ga and As-As bonds are formed, which results in the formation of pentagons. As expected, the static polarizability varies in the order of anion>neutral>cation, but the values are rather similar for all three charge states. The thermodynamic stability for the loss of GaAs is reported.     

Searching new structures of beryllium-doped in small-sized magnesium clusters: Be2MgnQ (Q = 0, −1; n = 1–11) clusters DFT study

Using CALYPSO method to search new structures of neutral and anionic beryllium-doped magnesium clusters followed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an extensive study of the structures, electronic and spectral properties of Be₂Mg_n^Q (Q = 0, −1; n = 2–11) clusters is performed. Based on the structural optimization, it is found that the Be₂Mg_n^Q (Q = 0, −1) clusters are shown by tetrahedral-based geometries at n = 2–6 and tower-like-based geometries at n = 7–11. The calculations of stability indicate that Be₂Mg₅^Q=0, Be₂Mg₅^Q=−1, and Be₂Mg₈^Q=−1 clusters are “magic” clusters with high stability. The NCP shows that the charges are transferred from Mg atoms to Be atoms. The s- and p-orbitals interactions of Mg and Be atoms are main responsible for their NEC. In particular, chemical bond analysis including molecular orbitals (MOs) and chemical bonding composition for magic clusters to further study their stability. The results confirmed that the high stability of these clusters is due to the interactions between the Be atom and the Mg₅ or Mg₈ host. Finally, theoretical calculations of infrared and Raman spectra of the ground state of Be₂Mg_n^Q (Q = 0, −1; n = 1–11) clusters were performed, which will be absolutely useful for future experiments to identify these clusters.     

Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of MB n (M?=?Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, n?≤?8) Clusters

The geometries, stabilities, electronic, and magnetic properties of MB _n (M?=?Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, n????8) clusters have been systematically investigated by density functional theory. It is shown that the lowest energy structures of MB _n (n????3) clusters can be obtained by substituting one B atom in the lowest energy structures of B _n+1 clusters in most cases. After n????8, the 3D configurations prevail and become the lowest-energy structures. The second-order energy difference and the dissociation energy show YB₇, ZrB₇, NbB₆, MoB₆, TcB₆, RuB₆ clusters possess relatively higher stabilities. The doped-M atoms improve the chemical activity of the host clusters in most cases; but different M atom has different effect on B atom??s electronic structure. The binding strengths are strong between M and B _n , which plays an important role in the M?CB growth mechanisms. It is interesting that the relative orientation between the magnetic moments of the M (M?=?Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru) atoms and those of its neighboring B atoms exhibits ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic alignment in contrast to the ferromagnetic alignment of YB _n .