氟代苯阳离子的理论研究

用B3LYP方法及6-311G(d，p)和6-311 G(d，p)基组，对十二种氟代苯阳离子做了理论研究，优化了它们的电子基态的结构，计算了对应分子的垂直电离势(VIP)和绝热电离势(AIP)．依据Jahn．Teller理论，计算确定了1，3，5-C6H3F^ 3和C6F^ 6离子分别具有C2v(2↑B)和D2h(2↑B2g)结构(对应分子分别为D3h和D6h结构)．其余十个离子的构型的对称点群与对应分子相同，但构型参数值有明显差别．自然布居分析计算表明这些离子的正电荷主要分布在与F原子相连的C原子和各H原子上．B3LYP／6-311 G(d，p)级别上计算的各氟代苯分子的VIP和AIP值和实验值符合得很好．     

C6F5X＋（X=Cl,Br,I,CH3）离子的理论研究

用DFT B3LYP方法及6-311G（d,p）,6-311＋G（d,p）和LanL2dz基组,对C6F5X＋（X=Cl,Br,I,CH3）阳离子做了理论研究,优化了它们的电子基态的构型,计算了对应分子的垂直电离势（VIP）和绝热电离势（AIP）.结果表明四种离子的构型的对称点群和对应分子相同,但构型参数有明显差别.B...     

氟代乙烯阳离子的理论研究

用B3LYP和MP2方法及6-31G(d, p)、6-31＋G(d, p)、6-311G(d, p)和6-311＋G(d, p) 基组，对六种氟代乙烯阳离子做了理论研究，优化了它们的基电子态的结构，计算了对应分子的垂直电离势（VIP）和绝热电离势(AIP).结果表明，与具有非平面结构的乙烯阳离子不同，六种氟代乙烯阳离子都只具有平面结构；与分子结构相比，离子结构的C－C键增长， C－F键缩短， CCF键角变小. 自然布居分析计算表明，这些离子的正电荷主要分布在与F原子相连的C原子和各H原子上. B3LYP/6-311＋G(d, p) 级别上计算的各分子的VIP和AIP值和实验值符合得很好. 使用含弥散基函数的基集可以明显提高这类分子的电离势的计算精度.     

OH-与CH2CIF反应的阴离子产物通道

理论研究了羟基负离子(OH-)与氟氯代甲烷(CH2CIF)反应的阴离子产物通道.分别在B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p)水平上得到反应势能面上各关键物种的优化构型,进而计算得到谐振频率和零点能.基于CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df,3dp)水平的相对能量,描述了由质子转移和双分子亲核取代(SN2)过程生成各阴离子产物的途径.各阴离子产物途径势垒的计算结果表明质子转移过程是实验中的主要产物通道,与以往实验测量的结论相符.此外,计算还显示双分子亲核取代过程得到了非典型的阴离子产物,其中动力学效应可能会导致F-的生成.     

已烯自由基阳离子的密度泛函理论研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-31G(d,p),6-31+G(d,p),6-311G(d,p)及6- 311+G(d,p)基组,分别对1-C_6H_(12)~+,2-C_6H_(12)~+和3-C_6H_(12)~+的各种构 象进行了几何构型优化,并在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平上进行了频率分析计算,在 各优化构型上,使用B3LYP和MP2(full)方法进行了超精细结构的计算。计算的3- C_6H_(12)~+的超精细偶合常数比以往的计算结果更好;1-C_6H_(12)~+和2-C_6H_ (12)~+的超精细偶合常数目前尚无实验数据报道,本计算预言了它们的超精细偶合 常数和最稳定构型。     

已烯自由基阳离子的密度泛函理论研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-31G(d,p),6-31+G(d,p),6-311G(d,p)及6- 311+G(d,p)基组，分别对1-C_6H_(12)~+,2-C_6H_(12)~+和3-C_6H_(12)~+的各种构 象进行了几何构型优化，并在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平上进行了频率分析计算，在 各优化构型上，使用B3LYP和MP2(full)方法进行了超精细结构的计算。计算的3- C_6H_(12)~+的超精细偶合常数比以往的计算结果更好；1-C_6H_(12)~+和2-C_6H_ (12)~+的超精细偶合常数目前尚无实验数据报道，本计算预言了它们的超精细偶合 常数和最稳定构型。     

丁烯和丁烷自由基阳离子的分子结构和超精细结构的 理论研究

用密度函数理论B3LYP方法和6-31G(d,p),6-311G(d,p)及6-311+G(d,p)基组，分别对1-C4H^+~8,2-C4H^+~8和C4H^+~10进行了构型优化和频率分析计算，预言1-C4H^+~8具有非平面构型，与以往报道的从头算和密度函数理论计算结果不同。在各自由基阳离子的B3LYP构型上，进行了B3LYP、MP2及MRSDCI方法的超精细偶合常数计算，得到了比以往更好的结果，特别是MP2/B3LYP计算值是至今与实验值符合得最好的理论计算结果。     

乙硼烷离子和自由基异构体重排与体系势能面的能量子化学计算研究

在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)和QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p)(单点)水平下, 对B2H+5阳离子和B2H*5自由基全优化得到9个几何异构体: B2H+5单态体系(D3h, C1), B2H+5三重态(Cs, Cs, C1), B2H*5自由基(C2v, Cs, Cs, Cs). 得到势能面上与体系异构化过程相联系的5种过渡态.     

戊烯自由基阳离子的密度泛函理论研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-31G(d,p)、6-31＋G(d,p)、6-311G(d,p)及6-311＋G(d,p)基组，分别对2-C5H10＋和1-C5H10＋的各种构象进行了几何构型优化，并用B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)进行了频率分析计算.计算预言1-C5H10＋具有非平面构型，与以往报导的从头算计算结论相反.在两个自由基阳离子的各种构象的B3LYP几何构型上，进行了B3LYP和UMP2(full)方法的超精细偶合常数计算，得到了比以往更好的结果.     

BH2+与H2O反应机理的量子拓扑研究

采用密度泛函方法B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p)和耦合簇方法CCSD/6-311+G(d, p)研究了BH2+与H2O的气相离子-分子反应机理. 优化得到了反应途径中各驻点的几何构型, 并采用内禀反应坐标法进行追踪. 从量子拓扑学的角度, 讨论了在反应过程中各化学键的变化. 反应(I)经历了一个四元环过渡态, 找到了这个反应的能量过渡态和两个结构过渡态.     

氟代吡啶阳离子的理论研究

Cations of fluorinated pyridines（pentafluoropyridine,2,6-difluoropyridine,and 2-fluoropyridine）have been studied by using density functional B3LYP method in conjunction with 6-31G（d,p）,6-311G（d,p）,6-31+G（d,p）,and 6-311+G（d,p）basis sets. B3LYP geometry optimization and frequency analysis calculations indicate that the pentafluoropyridine cation,2,6-difluoropyridine cation,and 2-fluoropyridine cation have C2v,C2v,and Cs structures in the 2A2,2A2,and 2A" ground states,respectively. The calculated geometries of the cations and the parent molecules were compared. The natural population analysis calculations at the B3LYP level with different basis sets were performed on the three cations and the three parent molecules. The isotropic hyperfine coupling constants in the three cations（radicals）were calculated. The vertical and adiabatic ionization potential（VIP and AIP）values of the pentafluoropyridine,2,6-difluoropyridine,and 2-fluoropyridine molecules were calculated by using the B3LYP method,and the calculated VIP values are in excellent agreement with experiment.     

Structure and conformational stability of CH2CHCH2X (X=F, Cl and Br) molecules—post Hartree–Fock and density functional theory methods

The molecular structure and conformational stability of CH₂CHCH₂X (X=F, Cl and Br) molecules were studied using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The molecular geometries of 3-fluoropropene were optimized employing BLYP and B3LYP levels of theory of DFT method implementing 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. The MP2/6-31G^*, BLYP and B3LYP levels of theory of ab initio and DFT methods were used to optimize the 3-chloropropene and 3-bromopropene molecules. The structural and physical parameters of the molecules are discussed with the available experimental values. The rotational potential energy surface of the above molecules were obtained at MP2/6-31G^* and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory. The Fourier decomposition of the rotational potentials were analyzed. The HF/6-31G^* and MP2/6-31G^* levels of theory have predicted the cis conformer as the minimum energy structure for 3-fluoropropene, which is in agreement with the experimental values, whereas the BLYP/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory reverses the order of conformation. The ΔE values calculated for 3-chloropropene at MP2/6-31G^*, BLYP/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory show that the gauche form is more stable than the cis form, which is in agreement with the experimental value. The same levels of theory have also predicted that the gauche form is stable than cis for 3-bromopropene molecule. The maximum hardness principle has been able to predict the stable conformer of 3-fluoropropene at HF/6-31G^* level of theory, but the same level of theory reverses the conformational stability of 3-chloropropene and 3-bromopropene molecules and MP2/6-31G^* level of theory predicted the stable conformer correctly.     

Comparative theoretical and experimental analysis of hydrocarbon σ-radical cations

The structures of σ-radical cations formed by ionization of adamantane, twistane, noradamantane, cubane, 2,4-dehydroadamantane, and protoadamantane were optimized at the B3LYP, B3LYP-D, M06-2X, B3PW91, and MP2 levels of theory using 6-31G(d), 6-311+G(d,p), 6-311+G(3df,2p), cc-PVDZ, and cc-PVTZ basis sets. On the whole, single-configuration approximations consistently describe the structure and transformations of the examined σ-radical cations. The best correlations (r = 0.97–0.98) between the calculated adiabatic ionization potentials and experimental oxidation (anodic) potentials of hydrocarbons were obtained in terms of B3PW91 approximation.     

Mechanistic insights into triterpene synthesis from quantum mechanical calculations. Detection of systematic errors in B3LYP cyclization energies

Most quantum mechanical studies of triterpene synthesis have been done on small models. We calculated mPW1PW91/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* energies for many C30H51O+ intermediates to establish the first comprehensive energy profiles for the cationic cyclization of oxidosqualene to lanosterol, lupeol, and hopen-3beta-ol. Differences among these 3 profiles were attributed to ring strain, steric effects, and proton affinity. Modest activation energy barriers and the ample exothermicity of most annulations indicated that the cationic intermediates rarely need enzymatic stabilization. The course of reaction is guided by hyperconjugation of the carbocationic 2p orbital with parallel C-C and C-H bonds. Hyperconjugation for cations with a horizontal 2p orbital (in the plane of the ABCD ring system) leads to annulation and ring expansion. If the 2p orbital becomes vertical, hyperconjugation fosters 1,2-methyl and hydride shifts. Transition states leading to rings D and E were bridged cyclopropane/carbonium ions, which allow ring expansion/annulation to bypass formation of undesirable anti-Markovnikov cations. Similar bridged species are also involved in many cation rearrangements. Our calculations revealed systematic errors in DFT cyclization energies. A spectacular example was the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* prediction of endothermicity for the strongly exothermic cyclization of squalene to hopene. DFT cyclization energies for the 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set ranged from reasonable accuracy (mPW1PW91, TPSSh with 25% HF exchange) to underestimation (B3LYP, HCTH, TPSS, O3LYP) or overestimation (MP2, MPW1K, PBE1PBE). Despite minor inaccuracies, B3LYP/6-31G* geometries usually gave credible mPW1PW91 single-point energies. Nevertheless, DFT energies should be used cautiously until broadly reliable methods are established.     

Theoretical determinations of ionization potentials of dopamine

Adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials (IPs) of nine conformers of dopamine in the gas phase are determined using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91 methods and high level ab initio HF method with 6-311++G** basis set, respectively. And the nine stable cationic states have been found in the ionization process of dopamine. Vertical ionization potentials of nine conformers of dopamine are calculated using the older outer-valence Green’s function (OVGF) calculations at 6-311++G** basis set. Vibrational frequencies and infrared spectrum intensities of G1b and G1b⁺ at B3LYP/6-311++G** level are discussed.