低成本WS_2染料敏化电池对电极的低温制备

采用简单的方法,在低温条件下制作了高效的WS2对电极,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微共焦拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料的物理特性进行了表征.WS_2对电极的电化学催化活性用循环伏安(CV)和光电流密度-电压特性(I-V)来评价.利用所制备WS_2对电极组装的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率为5.48%略低于Pt对电极(6.6%).研究表明WS_2是一种很有前景的染料敏化太阳能电池Pt对电极替代材料.     

染料敏化纳米晶体TiO2太阳能电池的对电极结构

通过对染料敏化纳米晶体TiO₂太阳能电池的对电极的结构进行改进,设计了一种可大容量储存电解质和补充电解质的新型对电极结构.当染料敏化纳米晶体TiO₂太阳能电池因液态电解质挥发泄漏而失效时,可以对其进行液态电解质的及时补充,从而使失效的染料敏化纳米晶体TiO₂太阳能电池重新恢复工作.该新型对电极结构为解决染料敏化纳米晶体TiO₂太阳能电池由于液态电解质泄漏导致的寿命降低问题提供了一种新的解决方法.     

量子点敏化太阳能电池对电极研究进展

对电极(CE)是量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSCs)的重要组成部分之一,改进对电极的综合性能是提高QDSSCs能量转换效率(PCE)的有效手段。本文简要介绍了对电极应具备的性能,并按不同材料的使用,分类阐述了金属、导电聚合物、碳、无机金属化合物以及它们的复合材料对电极的制备方法和研究进展。其中,以铜、钴、铅的硫化物等为主的无机金属化合物对电极催化活性高,成本低,研究最为广泛;导电聚合物、新型碳材料以及各类复合材料对电极也因其各自的优势在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的研究越来越成熟。     

基于网状铂电极的新型柔性染料敏化太阳能电池

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）作为一种新型的化学太阳能电池,因其精简的封装工艺、较低廉的价格、高的化学稳定性以及可弯折等优点而备受关注. 本文介绍了一种新型的柔性DSSC的制备,其光阳极为高度有序的氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线阵列,对电极为柔性、导电、透明的网状铂(Pt networks)电极. 相对于传统的铂对电极而言,这种Pt networks对电极不仅具有优异的导电能力,还展现了极好的透光性（方阻~ 100 Ω•sq^-1,~80%透光率）和催化性能,此外,Pt networks电极可构筑于任意弯曲的衬底,具有优异的机械耐弯折性能. 在ZnO纳米线阵列的DSSCs的应用中,基于Pt networks膜的柔性DSSC的转化效率比铂纳米丝阵列 (Pt nanofiber arrays, Pt NFs）膜高出了32%.     

准固态染料敏化太阳能电池中电解质体系的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye Sensitized Solar Cells)是新一代将光能转化为电能的重要能源转换装置。它具有低廉的材料和器件制作成本、较高的光电转换效率以及电池制作过程简单等诸多优点,拥有广阔的应用空间和巨大的潜在商业价值,因而吸引了广泛的研究关注。染料敏化太阳能电池主要由染料敏化的光阳极、电解质和对电极三个部分组成。其中,电解质作为染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,其对离子的传导和扩散,以及促进染料再生的能力极大地影响着染料敏化太阳能电池的电荷传输和光电性能。本文聚焦于染料敏化太阳能电池准固态电解质体系,主要从聚合物凝胶电解质、有机小分子凝胶电解质和无机纳米粒子凝胶电解质三大方面综述讨论了该研究领域当前最新研究进展,并对其未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

染料敏化纳米太阳能电池

本文介绍了染料敏化纳米太阳能电池的结构和原理,对纳米TiO₂膜、敏化染料、空穴传输材料的研究进展进行了综述.     

硫化ZIF-67薄膜作为方酸敏化太阳能电池对电极的研究

沸石-咪唑框架结构(ZIFs)是一种新型多孔材料,具有表面积大、孔隙度高、孔隙大小可调节和通道规则等独特的优点。本文通过硫化涂覆在导电玻璃上的ZIF-67薄膜,制备了多孔碳和硫化钴复合材料,研究了其对I-/I-3氧化还原对的催化性能,以替代铂作为方酸染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和等温吸附的测量,分析了硫化ZIF-67得到的对电极多孔膜的结构和形态特征,并通过Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱图对其催化性能进行评价。结果表明,硫化60min的ZIF-67对电极催化性能与Pt对电极相当,方酸敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率分别是4.03%和4.10%。     

聚吡咯/石墨复合对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

通过化学氧化法制备了聚吡咯纳米粒子, 并将其与石墨共混旋涂于ITO导电玻璃上, 作为染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极. 通过SEM观察到聚吡咯纳米粒子粒径在80～100 nm之间, 循环伏安测试表明聚吡咯电极对I₂/I^－电解质氧化还原体系具有较好的催化能力. 光伏电池的电化学交流阻抗测试结果说明掺入石墨后可有效降低聚吡咯对电极的电荷转移阻抗. 以钌染料N719为光敏剂, 聚吡咯/石墨复合电极为对电极组装成的染料敏化太阳能电池, 在AM 1.5 (100 mW•cm^－2) 的模拟太阳光照射下, 得到6.01%的光电转换效率, 达到相同条件下铂对电极性能的92%.     

溅射-置换法制备染料敏化太阳能电池对电极Pt/FTO

采用溅射-置换(SD)法在导电玻璃(FTO)基底上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)对电极SD-Pt/FTO.形貌表征显示,和热解法(PY)所获得的对电极(PY-Pt/FTO)相比,SD法获得的对电极SD-Pt/FTO上Pt颗粒分散性显著改善.光电流-光电压特性曲线测试表明,以SD-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的光电转化效率比以PY-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的提高了16.5%.DSSC电池性能改善与SD-Pt/FTO对电极具有较低的电阻和由Pt颗粒分散性改善引起催化性能改善密切相关.     

双面进光太阳能电池透明对电极研究进展

近年来,太阳能电池（包括染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池）因其成本低、质量轻、效率高受到研究人员的广泛关注.双面进光太阳能电池是太阳光能通过光阳极以及透明对电极同时入射的器件,是近年来扩宽太阳能电池光利用率及能效以达到提高器件光电性能的主要手段,其中透明对电极的性能直接影响器件的背面进光效率,因此研究对电极对提高双面进光太阳能电池光电转化效率十分必要.本文针对传统对电极透光性低,成本高,光利用率低等问题,与双面进光的高光电转换效率以及低成本等特点对比,综合分析了透明对电极材料的选择及界面修饰改性等对双面进光染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响及其应用前景.     

Self-Assembled Graphene/MWCNT Bilayers as Platinum-Free Counter Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

We describe the preparation and properties of bilayers of graphene- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an alternative to conventionally used platinum-based counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The counter electrodes were prepared by a simple and easy-to-implement double self-assembly process. The preparation allows for controlling the surface roughness of electrode in a layer-by-layer deposition. Annealing under N₂ atmosphere improves the electrode's conductivity and the catalytic activity of graphene and MWCNTs to reduce the I₃⁻ species within the electrolyte of the DSSC. The performance of different counter-electrodes is compared for ZnO photoanode-based DSSCs. Bilayer electrodes show higher power conversion efficiencies than monolayer graphene electrodes or monolayer MWCNTs electrodes. The bilayer graphene (bottom)/MWCNTs (top) counter electrode-based DSSC exhibits a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.1 % exceeding the efficiency of a reference DSSC with a thin film platinum counter electrode (efficiency of 3.4 %). In addition, the double self-assembled counter electrodes are mechanically stable, which enables their recycling for DSSCs fabrication without significant loss of the solar cell performance.     

High-performance Pt-NiO nanosheet-based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

High-performance counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are fabricated with platinum-nickel oxide (Pt-NiO) nanosheets as catalytic materials. Firstly, the Pt-Ni nanosheets are synthesized via galvanic replacement reaction between pre-synthesized Ni nanosheets and an aqueous H₂PtCl₆ solution. Secondly, after thermal treatment in air, the Pt-Ni alloys are turned to Pt-NiO nanosheets. The related data of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel polarization reveal that Pt-NiO counter electrodes show highly catalytic activity and low charge transfer resistance. The DSSC with Pt-NiO counter electrode exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.40 %, which is lower than that of the DSSC containing commercial available Pt counter electrode (9.15 %) under full sunlight illumination (100 mW cm^?2, AM1.5G). However, owing to the extremely high transparency of Pt-NiO counter electrode, when putting an Ag mirror behind the back side of the DSSC, the reflected light can bring great enhanced PCE (11.27 %).     

Enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell with multi-wall carbon nanotubes/polythiophene composite counter electrodes prepared by electrodeposition

For the purpose of increasing the energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polythiophene (PTh) composite film counter electrode has been fabricated by electrophoresis and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in sequence. The morphology and chemical structure have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC employing the MWCNT/PTh composite film has reached 4.72%, which is close to that of the DSSC with a platinum (Pt) counter electrode (5.68%). Compared with a standard DSSC with MWCNT counter electrode whose efficiency is 2.68%, the energy conversion efficiency has been increased by 76.12% for the DSSC with MWCNT/PTh counter electrode. These results indicate that the composite film with high conductivity, high active surface area, and good catalytic properties for I₃⁻ reduction can potentially be used as the counter electrode in a high-performance DSSC.     

电沉积-置换法制备Pt/Ti对电极及其对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的提升

采用电沉积-置换法在Ti片上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的对电极Pt/Ti. 形貌表征结果显示, 与传统热解法制备的Pt/FTO对电极相比, Pt/Ti对电极Ti基底上Pt催化颗粒的粒径和分散性得到显著改善. 光电流-光电压特性曲线测试结果表明, 以Pt/Ti为对电极的DSSC与以Pt/FTO为对电极的DSSC相比, 光电转化效率提高了20.8%. 由于Pt颗粒分散性和粒径的改善所引起的Pt催化性能的提高、 Pt/Ti对电极更低的电阻以及Ti基底更好的反光性能是提升DSSC性能的原因.     

A Novel Improved Method to Increase the Efficiency of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A novel improved method which employs a reflective mirror at the back of the Pt counter electrode is used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The direction of the light propagation in the cells was changed because of adding a mirror and the light reflected back into the DSSC in order to enhance the optical absorption of the DSSCs. Therefore, the performance of the cells was improved distinctively. The TiO₂ electrodes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and I‐V properties of the cells measured by Linear Sweep Voltammetry system. The results indicates that the conversion efficiency can be increased from 4.81% to 5.43% under AM 1.5 illumination when a mirror is added at the back of the Pt counter electrode in the same cell. Meanwhile, the Jsc, Voc and the fill factor can be obtained 18.65 mA/cm², 0.728 V and 0.561, respectively.     

Metal/metal sulfide functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes: FTO-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells

The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) thin films to replace conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and both FTO and platinum (Pt) as the counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) requires surface modification due to high sheet resistance and charge transfer resistance. In this paper, we report a simple, solution-based method of preparing FTO-free counter electrodes based on metal (Pt) or metal sulfide (Co(8.4)S(8), Ni(3)S(2)) nanoparticles/CNT composite films to improve device performance. Based on electrochemical studies, the relative catalytic activity of the composite films was Pt > Co(8.4)S(8) > Ni(3)S(2). We achieved a maximum efficiency of 3.76% for the device with an FTO-free counter electrode (Pt/CNT). The device with an FTO- and Pt-free (CoS/CNT) counter electrode gives 3.13% efficiency.     

All-carbon electrode-based fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells

A novel fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on an all-carbon electrode is presented, where low-cost, highly-stable, and biocompatible carbon materials are applied to both the photoanode and the counter electrode. The fibrous carbon-based photoanode has a core-shell structure, with carbon fiber core used as conductive substrate to collect carriers and sensitized porous TiO(2) film as shell to harvest light effectively. The highly catalytic all-carbon counter electrode is made from ink carbon coatings and carbon fiber substrate. Results show that the open circuit voltage can be largely improved through engineering at the carbon fiber/TiO(2) interface. An optimized diameter of the photoanode results in an efficiency of 1.9%. It is the first demonstration of efficient DSSCs based on all-carbon electrodes, and the devices are totally free from TCOs or any other expensive electrode materials. Also, this type of solar cell is significant in obtaining bio-friendly all-carbon photovoltaics suitable for large-scale production.     

Highly interconnected ordered mesoporous carbon-carbon nanotube nanocomposites: Pt-free, highly efficient, and durable counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

We report the preparation of highly interconnected ordered mesoporous carbon-carbon nanotube nanocomposites which show Pt-like dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency and remarkable long-term durability as DSSC counter electrodes.     

Nickel phosphide-embedded graphene as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Nickel phosphide-embedded graphene, prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of red phosphorus, nickel chloride, and graphene oxide in a mixture of ethylene glycol-water, is investigated as the counter electrode of DSSCs. It is demonstrated that the DSSC with the nickel phosphide-embedded graphene as the new counter electrode presents an excellent performance competing with that of the Pt electrode.