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张必成 《高等学校化学学报》1994,15(7):997-999
辉光放电、阴极溅射/瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱中阴极材料的研究张必成(湖北大学化学系,武汉,430062)关键词辉光放电,阴极溅射,阴极材料辉光放电、阴极溅射/瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱(TACSGD/AAS)是近年来出现的高灵敏度痕量分析技术[1].它是通... 相似文献
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强短脉冲供电时空心阴极灯的放电特性研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
空心阴极灯是原子光谱分析中常用的线光源。对它的光谱和放电特性的研究已有报道,但多为针对直流供电或一般脉冲供电状态时的空心阴极灯。黄本立等报道了市售空心阴极灯在强短脉冲供电时的时间分辩光谱特性及其作为高强度离子线或原子线光源的可行性。本文通过对Eu空心阴极灯在强短脉冲供电时的伏安特性,以及对直流和强短脉冲供电时空心阴极灯发射光谱差异的研究,探讨了强短脉冲供电时空心阴极灯的放电机制,讨论了离子线和原子线强度增强的过程。 1 实验部分 1.1 仪器 1.0m平面光栅光谱仪(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所),光栅刻线1200条/mm,入射和出射狭缝宽度分别为10和35μm,一级光谱倒色散率0.8nm/mm;MF-1A型脉冲发生器(南通电子仪器厂);自制HCL供电电源和Boxcar积分器;BS-5504型双踪示波器(40 MHz,韩国安罗);瞬态记录仪频率为20 MHz(中国科技大学快电子学实验室),1P28A和EMI 6265型PMT;LM-15型X-Y记录仪;所用HCL为市售商品灯。 1.2 实验装置 研究空心阴极灯(HCL)光谱特性的装置见图1.由脉冲发生器产生的脉冲信号通过灯电源控制HCL,由HCL发射的光经单色仪后由光电倍增管(PMT)将光信号转化为电信号,经前置放大器以及Boxcar积分器或瞬态记录仪后采集并记录脉冲信号。图1中PG为脉冲发生器,HCL Dr 相似文献
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采用固相反应法合成了一系列样品Pr1-xSrxAlO3-δ (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5). XRD结果表明, Sr在A位上的固溶度约为20%; 利用交流阻抗法测量了样品的电导率, 结果表明, 电导率随着Sr掺入量的增加而增大, Pr0.8Sr0.2AlO3-δ的电导率最大, 在850 ℃达到0.02 S/cm; 离子迁移数的测试结果说明, Pr1-xSrxAlO3-δ为离子电子混合导体; 考察了它们作为固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)阴极的性能, 极化曲线和阻抗的测试结果表明, 阴极性能随着Sr掺入量的增加而提高; 阴极稳定性测试结果表明, 在测量时间范围内, 阴极过电位随时间缓慢下降. 相似文献
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在725℃温度下,对MgCl2-KCl-NaCl-CaCl2熔盐体系进行电解.研究结果表明,镁电解过程中阴极过电压ηc只有12~51 mV,电解过程的过电压主要是由阳极引起的;阴极还原过程的极限扩散电流密度id为1.56 A/cm2;镁离子阴极放电反应的电子转移数为1.98;2个电子转移步骤之前存在着前置转化步骤MgCl+ Mg2++C1-.应用循环伏安法对4种不同配比下的镁离子行为进行的研究结果表明,CaCl2质量分数从10%增加到40%,维持MgCl2质量分数为10%以及NaCl与KCl的质量比为6: 1不变,随着CaCl2质量分数的增加,镁离子结合成不易移动的络合阴离子,镁离子迁移的电流分数减小,镁离子的析出电位从-1.595 V逐渐负移至与钙、钠共同沉积,阴极峰值电流Ipc值逐渐增大,阳极峰值电位与阴极峰值电位之差的绝对值|φpa-φpc|逐渐增大,阴极放电反应的可逆性逐渐降低. 相似文献
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在725℃温度下,对MgCl2-KCl-NaCl-CaCl2熔盐体系进行电解。研究结果表明,镁电解过程中阴极过电压ηc只有12~51mV,电解过程的过电压主要是由阳极引起的;阴极还原过程的极限扩散电流密度id为1.56A/cm^2;镁离子阴极放电反应的电子转移数为1.98:2个电子转移步骤之前存在着前置转化步骤MgCl^+→Mg^2+ +Cl^-。应用循环伏安法对4种不同配比下的镁离子行为进行的研究结果表明,CaCl2质量分数从10%增加到40%,维持MgCl2质量分数为10%以及NaCl与KCl的质量比为6:1不变,随着CaCl2质量分数的增加,镁离子结合成不易移动的络合阴离子,镁离子迁移的电流分数减小,镁离子的析出电位从-1.595V逐渐负移至与钙、钠共同沉积,阴极峰值电流Ipc值逐渐增大,阳极峰值电位与阴极峰值电位之差的绝对值|φpa-φpc|逐渐增大,阴极放电反应的可逆性逐渐降低。 相似文献
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构建了一个以曝气池污泥为阳极接种微生物、碳毡为阳极、无任何修饰的不锈钢网为阴极的双室微生物燃料电池. 通过输出电压、功率密度以及电化学阻抗等考察了阴极面积对电池产电性能的影响,并对电池的长期运行稳定性进行评价. 研究结果表明,不锈钢网作为微生物燃料电池的阴极性能稳定. 当不锈钢网面积为2 × 2 cm2时,最大输出电压达到0.411 V,功率密度为0.303 W•m-2,内阻841 Ω,极化内阻80 Ω. 增大阴极面积至2 × 4 cm2,最大输出电压能达到0.499 V,内阻减小至793 Ω. 不锈钢网价格便宜,具有长期运行稳定性,适宜做MFCs的阴极. 相似文献
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采用静电纺丝法制备了(Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ(PLNCG)氧化物纳米纤维。利用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料的物相及微观形貌进行分析。研究表明950℃煅烧5 h得到平均直径420 nm、形貌均一的PLNCG氧化物纤维;1 000℃烧结2 h得到紧密附着在Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ(CGO)电解质上的网状结构纤维阴极。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明纳米纤维阴极具有比粉体阴极更优越的性能。700℃的极化电阻(RP)为0.134 Ω·cm2,比同组分的粉末阴极减少32%(RP=0.197 Ω·cm2)。以纤维阴极构筑的电解质支撑单电池Ni-CGO/CGO/PLNCG在700℃的最大输出功率密度为231 mW·cm-2。氧分压测试结果表明阴极反应的速率控制步骤为电荷转移过程。 相似文献
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利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。 相似文献
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由于石化行业的生产需要,其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性,经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识,根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集,实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展,并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1989,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988. 相似文献
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Mustafa R. Ibrahim Zacharia A. Fataftah Paul von Ragu Schleyer Peter D. Stout 《Journal of computational chemistry》1987,8(8):1131-1138
Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases. 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1988,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae. 相似文献
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Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin
E. I. Kapinus V. A. Ganzha B. M. Dzhagarov E. I. Sagun V. B. Pavlenko 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》1989,25(2):146-151
The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989. 相似文献