多核Nd-Al双金属配合物对丁二烯的聚合——Ⅰ.聚合物的分子量与微观结构间的关系及其聚合机理的讨论

在从均相稀土催化剂中分离出有聚合活性的Nd-Al双金属配合物的基础上,利用该配合物可单独引发丁二烯聚合的特点,较详细地研究了活性体浓度,外加烷基铝浓度,单体浓度以及聚合温度等因素对聚合产物分子量及微观结构的影响,确认二者之间存在着一定的内在联系,即分子量越高,顺式含量也越高;反之,分子量越低,顺式含量也越低。对此,本文提出了增长链对聚合过程起反作用的观点,从聚合机理的角度给予了解释。     

[N^N^O]钴配合物催化丁二烯立体选择性聚合的研究

合成并表征了一系列带有[2-(4,5-二苯基-2-咪唑基)-1-苯亚胺基]苯酚配体([N^N^O]三齿配体)的二氯化钴配合物(1~4),并研究了这些配合物对丁二烯溶液聚合的催化性能.研究结果表明,助催化剂的种类对丁二烯聚合的催化活性和产物性能有显著的影响,倍半乙基氯化铝(EASC)为最佳的助催化剂.在EASC的活化作用下,该催化体系引发丁二烯单体聚合,15 min内丁二烯单体的转化率可达92.7%,产物聚丁二烯中顺式1,4-结构的含量高达97.4%.并详细研究了助催化剂的用量、聚合的温度、配体上不同取代基等对丁二烯聚合行为的影响,包括丁二烯单体的转化率、产物聚丁二烯的分子量与分子量分布及微观结构.通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对聚合产物的分子量及分子量分布进行了表征,核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和碳谱(13CNMR)分析结果表明所得聚合物具有高的顺式1,4-结构含量(97%左右).     

稀土定向聚合催化剂及用以聚合的二烯类高聚物的特征

十五年前,我们曾首先报导了用镧系稀土化合物作为丁二稀的定向聚合催化剂,得到了顺-1,4-构型的含量高的聚丁二烯,这在Eiegler-Natta型催化剂中从利用d-轨道成键电子发展f-电子。当时所用催化剂为二元体系,后由Throckmorton改进成三元体系、聚合活性得以提高。之后,我们用三元体系对异戊二烯进行了定向聚合,也得到了顺式含量高的聚异戊二烯。近年来,我们对这类催化体系的定向性、催化聚合活性、聚合反应历程及动力学等方面,以及上述这两种均聚物在结构与性能方面的特点进行了研究。同时还发展了丁二烯和异戊二烯的共聚,两种链节的顺式含量都高,并在催化剂上从三元再发展到新的二元体系,其中一些代表性结果如下。     

共轭二烯烃的Ziegler─Natta催化聚合

共轭二烯烃的聚合是配位阴离子聚合，双金属配合物是聚合的活性中心，控制单体的构象是控制聚合物结构的关键。单体在低值配位场稳定化能（ＬＦＳＥ）过渡金属离子，如Ｃｏ~（２＋）、Ｔｉ~（３＋）上螯合，螯合单体具有顺式构象，所得聚合物具有顺１，４结构；在中等ＬＦＳＥ的过渡金属离子，如Ｖ~（３＋）、Ｃｒ~（３＋）上配位，配位单体具有反式构象，所得聚合物具有反１，４结构或是１，２聚合物；高ＬＦＳＥ值过渡金属离子不易控制活性价态，双金属配合物不够稳定，所得聚合物分子量常较低，结构规整性也常不够理想。     

以四溴化钛为催化剂的丁二烯定向聚合

本工作研究了四溴化钛与三异丁基铝、三乙基铝或丁基锂组成的催化剂对丁二烯的聚合。结果指出,在三异丁基铝与四溴化钛的系统中以苯为溶剂,有两个铝钛比值呈现最大活性。随铝钛比增加,产物的凝胶及分子量下降,可溶部分顺式-1,4含量亦随之减少。聚合活性以单体先与铝混合较先与钛混合为高。聚合温度降低时最大活性向铝钛比大的区域移动。以庚烷代替苯作为溶剂时,聚合速度降低,仅有一个铝钛比呈现最大活性,产物分子量及凝胶均较低,可溶部分顺式-1,4含量亦较低。如以三乙基铝代替三异丁基铝,则仍有两个铝钛比值呈现最大活性。聚合温度较低时,三乙基铝与四溴化钴的催化活性较三异丁基铝为高。二个系统的大部分产物类似,凝胶较多,可溶部分顺式-1,4含量在70％以下。利用丁基锂与四溴化钛组合的催化系统聚合丁二烯,可得顺式-1,4含量达90％以上的产物。活性范围为锂钛克分子此1.5—2.5。顺式-1,4含量随锂钛比增大而降低。本工作还比较了上述三种催化系统生成低价钛的情况。结果指出,在金属烷基物与四溴化钛的克分子比小于2时,三价钛均随克分子比增大而增大,克分子比大于2时,丁基锂的还原能力随克分子比增加而减少。在其他二种系统中则低价钛继续增加。有意义的是丁基锂-四溴化钛系统中聚合活性正好在三价钛最高     

烯烃高效催化剂及聚合与共聚合的研究

为中山大学高分子研究所烯烃配位聚合研究室在高效Ziegler-Natta催化剂、茂金属催化剂烯烃聚合与共聚合方面部分研究工作的概述。重点叙述了催化剂的设计、过渡金属配合物配体结构及聚合条件对乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、丁二烯、苯乙烯等烯烃单体聚合及共聚合活性以及聚合产物结构和分子量的影响。     

镍配位催化乙烯聚合新进展

在烯烃聚合领域中,催化剂决定了所得聚合物的分子量与分布以及微观结构,进而影响聚烯烃材料的物理与机械性能。镍配合物催化乙烯聚合反应中,既会获得齐聚物也可能获得聚合物,有意思的是所得聚乙烯材料较容易呈现弹性体材料的性质。因此,加强镍配合物催化剂的研究有助于筛选更高活性和优良性能的催化剂体系,制备新型聚乙烯弹性体材料,甚至为该类乙烯聚合中试研究做铺垫。本文综述了近年来镍配合物催化乙烯聚合研究的新进展,重点讨论了配合物结构对于催化活性、热稳定性以及聚合产物微结构的影响与规律。     

Ln(CH_3CN)_9(AlCl_4)_3·CH_3CN配合物催化苯乙烯阳离子聚合的研究

报道了一类新型的离子型稀土乙腈配合物,Ln(CH_3CN)_9(AICl_4)_3·CH_3CN,催化苯乙烯阳离子聚合的结果。研究了聚合溶剂,单体浓度,反应温度以及配合物中稀土离子性质对催化活性和所得聚苯乙烯分子量的影响。发现稀土元素对聚合活性的影响顺序是La>Tb～Ho>Pr～Gd>Nd>Sm～Yb>Eu。聚合物的分子量明显地随着聚合温度的升高而降低。探讨了这类聚合反应的历程。     

多核Nd—Al双金属配合物对共轭双烯烃的聚合：Ⅲ.溶剂等因素的影响

报道了多核Ｎｄ－Ａｌ双金属配合物活性体对共轭双烯烃的溶液聚合。结果表明，适宜的振荡时间有利于提高活性体的催化活性；通过外加Ａ１Ｅｔ３，验证了聚合体系的纯度和活性体的稳定性。溶剂类型对活性和聚合物分子量影响较大，活性次序为甲苯≥环己烷＞正己烷；对产物［η》的影响则相反：甲苯＜＜环己烷＜正己烷。不同单体的定向聚合性能有差别，聚丁二烯的顺１，４含量较低，且易受反应条件的影响。     

聚合物载体－稀土金属络合物的研究ⅩⅤ．聚（苯乙烯－丙烯酰胺）载体－氯化钕络合物对异戊二烯聚合的催化行为

研究了聚（苯乙烯－丙烯酰胺）（ＰＳＡＣ）载体－氯化钕（ＮｄＣｌ３）络合物对异戊二烯（Ｉｐ）聚合的催化行为．ＰＳＡＣ·ＮｄＣｌ３络合物保留了小分子稀土催化剂对双烯烃聚合的催化规律和高度的定向效应．络合物的催化活性随着Ｎｄ／Ｉｐ和Ａｌ／Ｎｄ比的增加而增加，所得聚异戊二烯的特性粘数［η］却随之下降．聚异戊二烯的顺式－１，４结构含量达９５％．此外，ＰＳＡＣ·ＮｄＣｌ３络合物的活性受ＰＳＡＣ和ＰＳＡＣ·ＮｄＣｌ３的组成与结构的影响．在一定的条件下，络合物的活性随着ＰＳＡＣ中功能团含量的增加而下降．ＰＳＡＣ中单体链节交替分布的程度越低，络合物的活性越高     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Syntheses and structures of P-anilino-P-chalcogeno- and P-anilino-P-iminodiazasilaphosphetidines and their group 12 and 13 metal compounds

The P-anilino-P-chalcogeno(imino)diazasilaphosphetidines [Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NHPh)] (E = O (3), S (4), Se (5), N-p-tolyl (6)) were synthesized by oxidizing the P-anilinodiazasilaphosphetidine [Me(2)Si(N(t)Bu)(2)P(NHPh)] (2) with cumene hydroperoxide, sulfur, selenium, and p-tolyl azide, respectively. The lithium salt of 4 reacted with thallium monochloride to produce ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=S(NPh)-kappaN-kappaS]Tl)(7), which features a two-coordinate thallium atom. Treatment of 4-6 with AlMe(3) gave the monoligand dimethylaluminum complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE]AlMe(2)) (E = S (8), Se (9), N-p-tolyl (10)), respectively. In these complexes the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by one chelating ligand and two methyl groups, as a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8 showed. A 2 equiv amount of 4-6 reacted with diethylzinc to produce the homoleptic diligand complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE](2)Zn)(E = S (11), Se (12), N-p-tolyl (13)). A crystal-structure analysis of 11 revealed a linear tetraspirocycle with a tetrahedrally coordinated, central zinc atom.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...