不同比色皿对近红外光谱法检测水质酸度的影响及校正分析北大核心CSCD

为减小不同比色皿对近红外光谱测量结果的影响,提高水质酸度定量分析模型的预测精度,探讨了正交信号校正(OSC)用于不同比色皿的光谱背景干扰的去除效果。用两个同一批次的石英比色皿对32个不同pH的水样装样,采集近红外光谱数据,采用OSC对原始光谱进行预处理。比较OSC预处理前后两组光谱间的差异,并建立了水质酸度的偏最小二乘(PLS)定量分析模型,分析了光谱差异对模型预测精度的影响。结果表明:经OSC预处理后,两组光谱的平均差异值由0.0042降低至0.0013,光谱校正率达90%;与原始光谱建立的PLS模型相比,基于OSC预处理后的光谱建立的PLS模型的预测精度显著提高,预测均方根误差差值由0.912降低至0.205,相关系数差值由0.364降低至7.00×10^(-3),二者分别减小了78%和98%。     

基于主成分分析和小波神经网络的近红外多组分建模研究

将小麦叶片原始光谱经过预处理后,采用主成分分析(PCA)对数据进行降维,取前3个主成分输入小波神经网络,建立了基于主成分分析和小波神经网络的近红外多组分预测模型(WNN);进一步研究了小波基函数个数的选取(WNN隐层节点数)对小波神经网络模型性能的影响,并将WNN模型与偏最小二乘法(PLS)和传统的反向传播神经网络(BPNN)模型进行了比较.结果表明,所建立的WNN模型能用于同时预测小麦叶片全氮和可溶性总糖两种组分含量,其预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.101%和0.089%,预测相关系数(R)分别为0.980和0.967.另外,在收敛速度和预测精度上,WNN模型明显优于BPNN和PLS模型,从而为将小波神经网络用于近红外光谱的多组分定量分析奠定了基础.     

近红外光谱法同时测定盐酸氯丙嗪和盐酸异丙嗪

采用近红外光谱法同时测定盐酸氯丙嗪和盐酸异丙嗪。对光谱经过10种不同预处理后,分别建立了测定盐酸氯丙嗪和盐酸异丙嗪的PLS校正模型。根据模型评价参数选择最佳模型,并用该模型对未知样品进行了预测。结果显示,对浓度范围在1～13mg.mL-1的盐酸氯丙嗪和盐酸异丙嗪,其近红外的最佳数学模型的相关系数分别为0.9432和0.9670,预测模型的均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为1.05和1.11。     

基于小波变换-遗传算法-偏最小二乘的草莓糖度检测研究

采用近红外漫反射光谱分析技术,对草莓糖度进行了无损检测研究。利用便携式近红外光谱仪采集草莓样品在600～1 100 nm波段内的漫反射光谱数据。首先利用小波变换(WT)多分辨率方法对光谱数据进行去噪预处理,然后利用遗传算法(GA)优选特征波长,最后运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立草莓糖度的WT-GA-PLS校正模型。该模型校正集的相关系数R_C为0.9395,校正集的均方根误差RMSEC为0.1615,预测集的相关系数R_P为0.9652,预测集的均方根误差EMSEP为0.5042。与全光谱模型(FS-PLS)和小波变换模型(WT-PLS)相比,该模型预测能力更强,稳健性更优。     

近红外光谱测定人参与西洋参的主要皂甙总量

采用近红外光谱测定人参与西洋参的主要皂甙总量.采集人参与西洋参的漫反射光谱,分别对光谱进行正交信号校正(OSC)与常规预处理,建立了对应的偏最小二乘(PLS)回归模型.与常规最优预处理方法相比,OSC能很好地消除人参与西洋参的品种差异,显著提高了光谱与皂甙含量的相关系数,同时降低了PLS建模因子数,提高了模型的稳健性与...     

航空煤油初馏点近红外光谱分析数学模型的预处理方法及波段优选

采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立近红外光谱法分析航空煤油初馏点的数学模型。重点研究了光谱预处理方法和建模波段的选择,结果表明:采用一阶微分无窗口平滑的预处理方法,利用764～960 nm和1 000～1 020 nm波段组合建立的模型效果最好,模型的相关系数(r)、校正标准偏差(SEC)和预测标准偏差(SEP)分别为0.910 2,1.01℃和2.69℃,其中r和SEC优于文献值(r=0.885 2,SEC=3.86℃),配对t检验验证该模型的预测准确度高。     

基于可见/近红外透射光谱的番茄红素含量无损检测方法研究

针对番茄内外部结构特征,搭建了可见/近红外透射检测系统,利用完整番茄透射光谱信息,对番茄红素含量进行无损伤快速检测研究。采集的原始光谱曲线经去趋势(DT)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、归一化(NOR)、一阶导数(FD)预处理后分别用偏最小二乘(PLS)进行建模分析。其中SNV预处理后的模型效果最好,校正集和验证集相关系数分别为0.9771和0.9504,校正集和验证集均方根误差为0.9711和1.0496 mg/kg。为进一步提高模型的精度和稳定性,采用无信息变量消除法(UVE)、连续投影算法(SPA)、竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)3种方法单独或联合处理(UVE-SPA,UVE-CARS),对全光谱进行变量优选。经UVE-CARS处理后番茄红素预测模型效果最好,其校正集和验证集相关系数分别提高至0.9830和0.9741,均方根误差分别降低至0.6919和0.7680 mg/kg。最后,选用25个番茄样品对所建立模型进行了外部验证,UVE-CARS-PLS模型的预测集相关系数为0.9812,预测集均方根误差为0.7071 mg/kg,平均相对误差为4.3%。而作为比较的PLS模型的预测集相关系数为0.951,均方根误差为1.0610 mg/kg,平均相对误差6.0%,相比于全光谱PLS模型,UVE-CARS可以很大程度地简化模型,提高模型精度,降低检测的误差限。结果表明,基于自行搭建的番茄可见/近红外透射检测系统结合光谱处理方法,可以实现对生鲜番茄中番茄红素含量的快速、无损检测,为番茄红素定量检测提供了新方法。     

苹果可溶性固形物含量的近红外模型传递研究

研究了苹果可溶性固形物含量(SSC)的近红外模型传递问题。样品集经过异常剔除和预处理之后,建立了主机的偏最小二乘(PLS)预测模型。分别采用一元线性回归直接标准化(SLRDS)、斜率/截距(S/B)法和专利算法(Shenk's)进行主机和从机间的模型传递,讨论了3种算法的传递效果和转换集标样数对传递效果的影响。结果表明,经过3种方法传递后预测集的预测效果比传递前均有不同程度提高,其中SLRDS算法传递效果最佳,经SLRDS传递后相关系数(R)、预测标准偏差(RMSEP)、相对分析误差(RPD)和光谱平均差异(ADS)分别为0.9614,0.4735,3.3866和0.0661。因此利用SLRDS算法实现两台便携式光谱仪之间的模型传递是可行的。     

应用光谱技术无损检测油菜叶片中乙酰乳酸合成酶

应用可见/近红外光谱技术实现了油菜叶片中乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)的快速无损检测.对99个油菜样本进行光谱扫描,经过平滑、变量标准化、一阶求导等预处理后,应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了ALS的预测模型.同时提取有效特征变量,作为反向传输人工神经网络(BPNN)和最小二乘-支持向量机(LS-SVM)的输入值,并建立相应的模型.用66个样本建模,33个样本验证.结果表明,LS-SVM模型能够获得最优的预测结果,预测集样本的相关系数(r)、预测标准差(RMSEP)和偏差(Bias)分别为0.998、 0.715和0.079,获得了满意的预测精度.结果表明,应用可见/近红外光谱技术结合LS-SVM检测油菜中乙酰乳酸合成酶是可行的,并能获得满意的预测精度,为进一步应用光谱技术进行油菜生长状况的大田监测奠定了基础.     

应用近红外漫反射光谱法的猕猴桃品质无损检测北大核心CSCD

应用近红外漫反射光谱技术和化学计量学,研究成熟期猕猴桃内部品质与其近红外漫反射光谱之间的关系。在室温(24±2)℃下,采集猕猴桃赤道区域不同测试部位在4 000~10 000 cm^(-1)范围内的光谱数据,用基于平滑处理、归一化及基线校正的组合式处理方法对原始光谱进行预处理;另应用偏最小二乘(PLS)法、主成分回归法和多元线性回归法等方法分别建立猕猴桃硬度、可溶性固形物含量(SSC)的校正模型。结果表明:采用组合预处理方法和PLS法建立的校正模型精度最高;硬度校正集相关系数R_c、均方根误差RMSEC和预测集相关系数R_p、均方根误差RMSEP达到了0.976 5,0.548 3,0.943 2,0.612 7;SSC校正集相关系数R_c、均方根误差RMSEC和预测集相关系数R_p、均方根误差RMSEP达到了0.916 6,0.539 6,0.901 2,0.619 0;试验结果验证了本法的可行性。     

基于近红外光谱的食用植物油中反式脂肪酸含量快速定量检测及模型优化研究

利用近红外光谱技术对食用植物油中反式脂肪酸(Trans fatty acids,TFA)含量进行快速定量检测,并通过波段选择、预处理方法、变量筛选及建模方法对TFA含量预测模型进行优化.采用AntarisⅡ傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪在4000~10000 cm-1光谱范围采集98个食用植物油样本的近红外透射光谱,然后采用气相色谱法测定TFA的真实含量.首先,对样本原始光谱进行波段、预处理方法优选;在此基础上,采用竞争自适应重加权法(Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)筛选TFA相关的重要变量,最后应用主成分回归、偏最小二乘和最小二乘支持向量机方法分别建立食用植物油中TFA含量的预测模型.研究结果表明,近红外光谱技术检测食用植物油中的TFA含量是可行的,优化后的最佳预测模型的校正集和预测集R2分别为0.992和0.989,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为0.071%和0.075%.最佳预测模型所用的变量仅26个,占全波段变量的0.854%.此外,与全波段偏最小二乘预测模型相比,其预测集R2由0.904上升为0.989,RMSEP由0.230%下降为0.075%.由此表明,模型优化非常必要,CARS能有效筛选TFA相关的重要变量,极大减少建模变量数,从而简化预测模型,并较大提高预测模型的精度和稳定性.     

近红外光谱相似性评估结合局部回归方法无损检测苹果糖度

基于Bayesian相似性评估方法结合偏最小二乘局部回归,对苹果近红外数据库进行数据挖掘。通过相似性计算方法搜索出与预测样品相近的近红外光谱,形成校正子集后采用局部回归方法获得待测样品的相关信息。该方法所建立局部模型的平均检验标准偏差(SEV)约为0.57,分析30个预测样品的预测标准偏差(SEP)约为0.61;基于马氏距离的传统方法建立的偏最小二乘局部模型的平均SEV为0.59,分析30个待测样品的预测SEP为0.64;而采用整个数据库建立的全局偏最小二乘模型的SEV约为0.65,分析30个预测样品SEP约为0.70。基于Bayesian相似性评估的局部回归方法在苹果糖度的近红外无损定量分析中获得较好的应用结果,在实际应用中该方法比全局回归方法具有更强的适用性,为近红外光谱分析提供了新的分析工具。     

Combined wavelet transform-artificial neural network use in tablet active content determination by near-infrared spectroscopy

The pharmaceutical industry faces increasing regulatory pressure to optimize quality control. Content uniformity is a basic release test for solid dosage forms. To accelerate test throughput and comply with the Food and Drug Administration's process analytical technology initiative, attention is increasingly turning to nondestructive spectroscopic techniques, notably near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (NIRS). However, validation of NIRS using requisite linearity and standard error of prediction (SEP) criteria remains a challenge. This study applied wavelet transformation of the NIR spectra of a commercial tablet to build a model using conventional partial least squares (PLS) regression and an artificial neural network (ANN). Wavelet coefficients in the PLS and ANN models reduced SEP by up to 60% compared to PLS models using mathematical spectra pretreatment. ANN modeling yielded high-linearity calibration and a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.996.     

Novel Spectral Interval Selection Method Based on Synchronous Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

Synchronous 2D correlation spectroscopy was first proposed to select informational spectral intervals in PLS calibration. The proposed method could extract the spectral intervals related to analyte. The results of its application to NIR/PLS determination of quercetin in extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves showed that the proposed method could find out an optimized region with which one could improve the performance of the corresponding PLS model, in terms of low prediction error, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and comparing with the result obtained using whole spectra and interval PLS.     

激光诱导击穿光谱结合CARS变量选择方法定量检测倍硫磷含量

利用双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术对溶液中的倍硫磷含量进行定量检测。采用二通道高精度光谱仪采集不同浓度倍硫磷样品在206.28~481.77 nm波段的LIBS光谱,并对光谱进行多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)及3点平滑预处理,根据偏最小二乘(PLS)建模确定最优的预处理方法。在此基础上,利用竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)筛选与倍硫磷相关的重要变量,然后应用PLS回归建立溶液中倍硫磷含量的定量分析模型,并与单变量定量分析模型及未变量选择的PLS定量分析模型进行比较。结果表明,相比单变量定量分析模型及原始光谱PLS定量分析模型,CARS-PLS定量分析模型的性能更优,其模型的校正集和预测集的决定系数及平均相对误差分别为0.969 4、15.537%和0.995 9、5.016%。此外,与原始光谱PLS模型相比,CARS-PLS模型仅使用其中1.9%的波长变量,但预测集平均误差却由9.829%下降为5.016%。由此可见,LIBS技术检测溶液中的倍硫磷含量具有一定的可行性,且CARS方法能简化定量分析模型,提高模型的预测精度。     

基于小波系数的近红外光谱局部建模方法与应用研究

局部建模方法使用与预测样本相似的样本建立模型,可解决光谱响应与浓度之间的非线性问题,扩大模型的适用范围,提高预测准确度。采用小波变换进行数据压缩并利用小波系数之间的欧氏距离作为光谱相似性的判据,实现了近红外光谱定量分析的局部建模方法,避免了样本之间的依赖性。将所建立的方法用于烟草样品中氯含量的测定,100次重复计算得到的预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)平均值为0.0665,标准偏差(σ)为0.0045,优于全局建模和基于主成分的局部建模方法。     

An adaptive strategy for selecting representative calibration samples in the continuous wavelet domain for near-infrared spectral analysis

Sample selection is often used to improve the cost-effectiveness of near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis. When raw NIR spectra are used, however, it is not easy to select appropriate samples, because of background interference and noise. In this paper, a novel adaptive strategy based on selection of representative NIR spectra in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) domain is described. After pretreatment with the CWT, an extension of the Kennard–Stone (EKS) algorithm was used to adaptively select the most representative NIR spectra, which were then submitted to expensive chemical measurement and multivariate calibration. With the samples selected, a PLS model was finally built for prediction. It is of great interest to find that selection of representative samples in the CWT domain, rather than raw spectra, not only effectively eliminates background interference and noise but also further reduces the number of samples required for a good calibration, resulting in a high-quality regression model that is similar to the model obtained by use of all the samples. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively enhance the cost-effectiveness of NIR spectral analysis. The strategy proposed here can also be applied to different analytical data for multivariate calibration.     

A consensus least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) for analysis of near-infrared spectra of plant samples

Consensus modeling of combining the results of multiple independent models to produce a single prediction avoids the instability of single model. Based on the principle of consensus modeling, a consensus least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) method for calibrating the near-infrared (NIR) spectra was proposed. In the proposed approach, NIR spectra of plant samples were firstly preprocessed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for filtering the spectral background and noise, then, consensus LS-SVR technique was used for building the calibration model. With an optimization of the parameters involved in the modeling, a satisfied model was achieved for predicting the content of reducing sugar in plant samples. The predicted results show that consensus LS-SVR model is more robust and reliable than the conventional partial least squares (PLS) and LS-SVR methods.     

Partial least square analysis of lysozyme near-infrared spectra

Proteins possess strong absorption features in the combination range (5000-4000 cm⁻¹) of the near infrared (NIR) spectrum. These features can be used for quantitative analysis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to analyze NIR spectra of lysozyme with the leave-one-out, full cross-validation method. A strategy for spectral range optimization with cross-validation PLS calibration was presented. A five-factor PLS model based on the spectral range between 4720 and 4540 cm⁻¹ provided the best calibration model for lysozyme in aqueous solutions. For 47 samples ranging from 0.01 to 10 mg/mL, the root mean square error of prediction was 0.076 mg/mL. This result was compared with values reported in the literature for protein measurements by NIR absorption spectroscopy in human serum and animal cell culture supernatants.     

Quantification of paracetamol in intact tablets using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy.

Production batch samples of paracetamol tablets and specially prepared out-of-specification batches covering the range 90-110% of the stated amount (500 mg) were analysed by the BP official UV assay and by NIR transmittance spectroscopy. NIR measurements were made on 20 intact tablets from each batch, scanned five times each (10 min measurement time per batch) over the spectral range 6000-11,520 cm-1. An average spectrum was calculated for each batch. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were set up using a calibration set (20 batches) between the NIR response and the reference tablet paracetamol content (UV). Various pre-treatments of the spectra were examined; the smallest relative standard error of prediction (0.73%) was obtained using the first derivative of the absorbance over the full spectrum. Only two principal components were required for the PLS model to give a good relationship between the spectral information and paracetamol content. Applying this model to the validation set (15 batches) gave a mean bias of -0.08% and a mean accuracy of 0.59% with relative standard deviations of 0.75 and 0.44%, respectively. The proposed method is non-destructive and therefore lends itself to on-line/at-line production control purposes. The method is easy to use and does not require a knowledge of the mass of the tablets.