阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法分离测定烟草料液中的山梨醇和糖

采用阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法分离测定了烟草料液中山梨醇、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖,研究了山梨醇和糖在阴离子交换色谱中的保留行为。采用优化的水和氢氧化钠二元梯度淋洗条件,CarboPac PA10阴离子交换色谱柱进行分离,积分脉冲安培检测器检测一次进样测定烟草料液样品中的山梨醇、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖。各组分在测试条件下线性关系良好,线性范围为0.005～20 mg/L,检测限为0.2～1.0 μg/L,加标回收率为95.1%~102.4%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～1.9%。     

高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法测定烤烟中的水溶性葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖

用高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法（HPAEC-PAD）测定了烤烟中的水溶性葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖。采用水浸取及膜过滤法处理烤烟样品,以Dionex CarboPac PA-1阴离子交换柱为色谱柱,0.2 mol/L NaOH水溶液为淋洗液进行分离测定。葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量与其峰面积的线性关系良好,回收率均在97%以上。方法简便易行,灵敏度高,重现性良好,可以实现对烟草中单糖的快速分离和测定。     

高效阴离子交换色谱分离-积分脉冲安培检测法同时测定烟草薄片中的糖和保润成分

建立了阴离子交换色谱分离-积分脉冲安培检测分离测定烟草薄片中糖和保润成分的方法,研究了4种糖成分(葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖和蔗糖)和5种保润成分(丙二醇、丙三醇、木糖醇、山梨醇和甘露醇)在色谱中的保留行为。以480 mmol/L NaOH淋洗液等度淋洗,Carbopac MA1阴离子交换色谱柱进行分离,积分脉冲安培检测器检测,在所考察浓度范围内,9种化合物在测试条件下线性关系良好,线性相关系数大于0.996,检出限为12.6~39.9μg/L(以3倍信噪比计算),5次平行进样,相对标准偏差为1.1%~3.3%,标准加标回收率在95.4%~104.8%之间。     

UPC~2-MS法快速检测蜂蜜中的果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖

建立了蜂蜜中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的超高效合相色谱-质谱(UPC2-MS)快速检测的方法。样品先用少量的水溶解,再用正己烷/异丙醇(1:1,V/V)溶解,经ACQUITY UPC2BEH(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,以超临界CO2-甲醇(含0.1%NH3·H2O,V/V)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.8 m L/min,通过质谱检测器在负离子电喷雾模式下对目标化合物进行分析,外标法定量。检测结果表明:果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖在2~150 mg/L范围线性关系良好,R20.9990,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.22~0.42 mg/L,高、中、低3个浓度水平的加标平均回收率在90.0%~107.5%范围,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均小于4.0%。该方法简单快速,分离效果好,为蜂蜜中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的分离测定提供了新的色谱技术平台。     

高效液相色谱法测定橘红丸及蜂蜜中糖的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定橘红丸及蜂蜜中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的含量,用prevail carbohydrate ES色谱柱,乙腈–水(体积比77∶23)为流动相,蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)检测。果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖分别在0.103 6～1.554 0,0.107 3～1.609 5,0.107 8～1.617 0,0.111 7～1.675 5μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)分别为0.9909,0.9913,0.9999,0.9989;检出限分别为0.0104,0.0107,0.0107,0.0112μg/mL。样品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的加标回收率分别为97.3%,96.6%,101.0%,97.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别0.58%,0.36%,0.40%,0.28%(n=5)。实际样品检测结果显示,多批橘红丸和蜂蜜样品中4种糖含量存在明显差异,且有蜂蜜替代现象。该方法可用于橘红丸中蜂蜜辅料的质量考察。     

同时测定水溶液中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的近红外光谱法

通过对27个葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖水溶液的混合体系进行近红外光谱分析，建立了葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量测定的偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型；葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的线性范围分别为0—300g/L、0—200g/L、0—300g/L，模型校正集的标准误差(SEC)分别为1．4、1．8、1．4g/L；用该模型对6个样品进行分析，葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1．2％、2．6％和1．8％。     

离子色谱-柱切换技术同步测定饮料中的三氯蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖

建立了一种离子色谱-柱切换-安培检测技术同步测定饮料中三氯蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的方法。以CarboPac PA10阴离子交换保护柱和分析柱进行分离,用水和250 mmol/L NaOH梯度淋洗,脉冲安培检测。弱保留糖类在25 mmol/L NaOH流动相淋洗下分离检测,通过柱切换将保护柱切换至分析柱后,同时切换至250 mmol/L NaOH淋洗,三氯蔗糖仅通过较短的保护柱分离,4种糖类能够得到同步检测。4种糖类在0.01~20 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系和较低的检出限,重复性好,样品测定的回收率分别为90.38%~102.88%（三氯蔗糖）、95.56%~102.75%（葡萄糖）、101.66%~114.33%（果糖）和105.03%~106.49%（蔗糖）。该方法可广泛应用于食品中强保留物质的测定。     

超声波提取-离子色谱法测定烟草中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖

烟草中的水溶性总糖主要为葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖,是烟叶内重要的碳水化合物,本文研究了用超声波提取,离子色谱法同时检测烟草中水溶糖的分析方法。采用美国Dionex公司DX-500型离子色谱仪,用H2O和200 mmol/LNaOH淋洗,流速为0.8 mL/min,脉冲安培检测器成功地测定了烟草中的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖等成份的含量。各成份在检测条件下有很好的线性,决定系数r2>0.99,检出限范围葡萄糖、果糖为2~50 mg/L,蔗糖为1~25 mg/L,相对标准偏差为1.12%~2.62%,回收率为91.2%~103.3%;实验表明该方法具有分析时间短、线性范围宽、灵敏和准确、简单快速、试剂用量少等优点。     

国产离子色谱-自研脉冲安培检测器测定饮料中常见糖类化合物的含量

使用国产离子色谱-自研脉冲安培检测器测定饮料中常见的葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的含量。结果表明，5种糖类化合物的质量浓度在0.2～5.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系，检出限(3S/N)分别为3.420,6.759,10.12,20.43,31.37μg·L^-1。按照标准加入法进行回收试验，回收率为94.1%～114%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5.0%,说明方法符合相关检测标准要求。为考察国产仪器分析的准确性和评价主要模块的性能，与Thermo ICS 5000+型离子色谱安培检测系统和Dionex Ultimate 3000型液相色谱示差检测器系统进行比较，结果表明，三者的分析结果一致性良好，其中国产离子色谱-脉冲安培检测器系统的检出限比Thermo ICS 5000+离子色谱安培检测系统高3～4倍。除此之外，国产离子色谱仪各个模块性能稳定，可满足常规糖类化合物含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱内标法分离和测定植物中的单糖

 建立了一种以 β 吲哚乙酸为内标物 ,用高效液相色谱内标法直接分离和测定植物中游离糖的新方法。木糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖和棉子糖的分离在 18min内完成 ;检出限分别达到 1 8μg ,2 3μg ,2 7μg ,1 8μg ,3 5 μg ,4 1μg和 4 3μg ,线性范围为 5 μg/L～ 75 0 μg/L。研究了流动相中乙腈的浓度、pH值对分离 7种糖和 β 吲哚乙酸的影响。方法用于枣和苹果样品的测定并进行回收率试验 ,结果为木糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的 5次测定的回收率分别为 97 4%～ 10 2 1% ,97 3%～ 10 1 8% ,98 7%～ 10 2 2 % ,97 7%～ 10 2 5 %,。     

Determination of carbohydrates and sweeteners in foods and biologically active additives by high-performance liquid chromatography

A method for the determination of large amounts of carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, sucrose, and fructose) and sweeteners (xylitol and sorbitol) by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with refractive index detection without derivatization has been developed. The limits of determination for glucose, fructose, and sucrose in liquid samples were 0.1 g/L, and for xylite, lactose, maltose, mannose, and sorbite, 1 g/L. In solid samples the limits of determination for glucose, fructose, and sucrose were 0.1%, and for xylite, lactose, maltose, mannose, and sorbite, 0.6%. The method is applicable to the analysis of samples of wine, juice, honey, cookies, dairy products, and biologically active additives. The developed method for the determination of carbohydrates and sweeteners in foods and biologically active additives was certified in the Mendeleev Institute for Metrology (St. Petersburg).     

Determination of reducing sugars with a 2,4-dinitrophenolate-selective membrane electrode

A 2,4-dinitrophenolate-selective liquid-membrane electrode based on tetrapentylammonium dinitrophenolate dissolved in 2-nitrotoluene is described. The electrode exhibits rapid and near- Nernstian response to the activity of 2,4-dinitrophenolate anions in the range 3×10^?5 ?1×10^?2 M. The response is unaffected by pH in the range 7.5–12.5. The electrode has been successfully applied to the kinetic potentiometric determination of fructose, glucose and galactose at 60°C and of fructose in the presence of glucose and galactose at 30°C. The electrode can be used for the potentiometric determination of glucose and fructose after completion of the reaction with excess of 2,4-dinitrophenolate ions and of sucrose after acid hydrolysis. Mixtures of glucose, fructose and sucrose in aqueous solutions or honey samples can be determined by the proposed procedures with an average error of about 2%.     

红枣中果糖、葡萄糖与蔗糖的高效液相色谱示差检测分析

建立了同时分析鲜红枣中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的高效液相色谱方法.利用鲜红枣样品进行添加回收实验,获得方法对果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖测定的平均回收率分别为93.5%、91.8%和89.8%,变异系数3.27%、2.34%、5.86%.结果表明:采用高效液相色谱示差分析方法定量检测鲜红枣中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖快速、简便.同时得出方法的检出限为:果糖5.73×10-3mg/mL,葡萄糖5.22×10-3mg/mL,蔗糖3.59×10-3mg/mL,测定结果符合食品检测要求.     

Direct determination of toxic trace metals in honey and sugars using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A rapid method for the determination of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn and Zn in honey and sugars without prior digestion or ashing of the sample was developed, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The critical instrumental parameters such as sample flow rate and radio frequency incident power were thoroughly optimized. The effect of matrix type and its concentration was also examined for glucose/fructose, sucrose and honey matrices. The sensitivity was investigated using calibration curves obtained in presence of the above matrices. The obtained recoveries for Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni and Mn at the μg l⁻¹ level were satisfactory and practically independent of the matrix used for the calibration standards. The recoveries of Pb and Zn were less sufficient. Various commercial samples of honey, sugar, glucose and fructose were analyzed with respect to their toxic metal content. The method can be applied for routine analysis, quality and environmental pollution control purposes at the μg l⁻¹ level of concentration, after suitable dilution of the samples.     

Determination of some carbohydrates with N-bromophthalimide and N-bromosaccharin

Two better titrimetric methods have been developed for determination of carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, lactose and sucrose, and sugars present in honey and milk. They involve reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by the carbohydrate concerned, and oxidative titration of the Cu(I) with a standard solution of N-bromophthalimide or N-bromosaccharin.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法快速鉴别掺假蜂蜜

利用衰减全反射傅里叶红外光谱法对三种掺假蜂蜜进行了快速鉴别。对掺入的蔗糖、葡萄糖的蜂蜜的特征吸收峰进行了多峰位的比较,判定是否为掺假蜂蜜。对掺入不同含量果葡糖浆的蜂蜜红外图谱,进行计算软件处理后通过二阶导数图谱在1 054cm-1、817cm-1两处的吸收峰,可以准确的判定掺入蜂蜜中果葡糖浆的含量。对掺入蜂蜜中的三种物质蔗糖、葡萄糖、果葡糖浆的最小检出限量为10%。该方法样品用量少、操作简便、无需前处理、分析速度快,可作为市场筛查掺假蜂蜜的快速检测方法。     

Amperometric Determination of Sugars at Activated Barrel Plating Nickel Electrodes

We report amperometric determination of sugars by using a disposable barrel plating nickel electrode (Ni‐BPE) in this study. The activated Ni‐BPE possesses good reproducibility in flow injection analysis of sugars with a relative standard deviation of 3.16% for 10 consecutive injections of glucose. The electrocatalytic mechanism for the detection of sugars as well as the use as a detector in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is investigated. We achieve a good separation of four sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose) in HPLC with favorable sensitivity at a detection potential of +0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The results of wide linear calibration ranges and detection limits in the μM range meet the need of real sample analysis. This detection method is successfully used for quantitative determination of sugars in honey to identify its authentication.     

Determination of inulin in foods

A method was developed for determining fructan inulin in various foods (yogurts, honey cakes, chocolates). Warm water was applied for extraction of samples, and mono- and dissacharides were determined by a thin-layer chromatographic densitometric method. A portion of the test solution was hydrolyzed 30 min with 1% oxalic acid in a boiling water bath. Fructose was determined in the hydrolysate. The amount of inulin in a sample was calculated as the difference between the amount of fructose in the sample before and after hydrolysis. The fructose from sucrose formed during the hydrolysis was also considered. The mean recovery from yogurt fortified with 4% inulin was 95.5 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- standard deviation); from honey cakes extract fortified with 10% inulin, 97.3 +/- 5.5%; and from chocolate extract fortified with 30% inulin, 98.6 +/- 6.6% (6 replicates in all cases). Determination of glucose is not necessary for analyzing fructans with the composition expressed shortened to GFn-1 (G, glucose; F, fructosyl) with the average degree of polymerization 8 < or = n < or = 15.     

Enzymatic-spectrophotometric determination of sucrose in coffee beans

A spectrophotometric method for determining sucrose is proposed. Sucrose is hydrolyzed by invertase into glucose and fructose. Then, glucose is oxidized in presence of glucose oxidase and the produced hydrogen peroxide reacts with phenol-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt and 4-aminoantipyrine in presence of peroxidase, yielding a pink dye with an absorption maximum at 505 nm. This method was validated following the EURACHEM and VAM project guidelines for method validation. Trueness, precision, robustness, sensitivity and linearity were considered. The method was applied to the determination of sucrose in green and roasted coffee beans. A comparison with the HPLC method with pulsed amperometric detection was carried out.     

高效毛细管电泳－间接电导法快速分离混合糖

测定;间接电导检测法;高效毛细管电泳－间接电导法快速分离混合糖