无相移滤波技术用于分析化学信号处理

把无相移滤波技术引入了分析化学信号处理领域.其方法为先将输入序列按顺序滤波,然后将所得结果逆转后反向通过滤波器,再将所得结果逆转后输出.通过对色谱信号的实验研究表明,与普通的数字滤波方法相比较,无相移滤波不但具有普通数字滤波的优点,而且不会产生滤波前后的相位偏移,具有良好的应用前景,尤其对于需要准确计算保留时间的场合,用此预处理方法非常适合.     

一种基于二进小波变换的自适应滤波方法

根据信号和噪声经小波变换后在不同尺度上有不同的特征，将相邻尺度二进小波变换值的相关量进行归一化处理并与小波变换值比较来判断信号与噪声，以噪声在各尺度的方差作为终止迭代的标准，提出了一种基于二进小波变换小波域选择噪声的自适应滤波方法。研究了模拟信号的去噪过程、半峰宽和信噪比对去噪结果的影响，并对模拟含噪信号和含噪毛细管电泳信号去噪前后的结果进行了比较。实验结果表明：由于该方法具有良好的自适应性和显著的滤波效果，必将得到广泛的应用。     

分析化学窄带锐峰信号滤波新技术

窄带锐峰信号是指峰形狭窄、峰周围数据点极少的信号，采用常规滤波方法难以处理。本文提出了适合于这类信号的滤波新技术——Mexican Hat小波最小二乘法(MWLS)。它将原信号中的尖锐峰分离出来，以Mexican Hat小波构造拟合函数，根据最小二乘原理对各数据段进行拟合，再重构信号，以去除噪声。大量处理实践证明：该方法除噪能力强，滤波结果可靠，尖锐信号峰中的有用信息不会损失。即使对信噪比为1．5的高噪声锐峰信号仍能获得满意结果。     

水中溶解氧的微量滴定

将微量滴定技术应用于常规的碘量法测定水中溶解氧。在实验中采用了WD-CO3型微量滴定装置，并使用自行设计制成的高精度微量移液管（移液的体积可准确至0．001mL），作为转移标准溶液及试样溶液的工具。对微量滴定及微量移液与常量滴定和常量移液作了对比试验，结果表明两者的分析结果完全吻合，微量滴定（其中包括微量移液）所得结果的精密度也在定量分析允许范围之内。由此，微量滴定技术应用于水中溶解氧的日常分析的可行性得到了验证。     

纳米Ni(OH)_2微萃取和电催化敌草隆的循环伏安和量子化学法研究

电沉积纳米氢氧化镍于碳糊电极表面上实现了原位修饰,以循环伏安和PM7量子化学方法研究了敌草隆在纳米氢氧化镍表面形成的络合物,具有固相微萃取和电化学催化功能。循环伏安结果表明,氢氧化镍与敌草隆络合后,与在KCl溶液中的结果相比,还原峰电流增大,还原峰负移,氧化峰正移,与在NaOH溶液中的结果相比,氧化峰电流增大。表明敌草隆与镍配位形成的络合物有利于萃取富集,具有一定的氧化还原催化作用,提高峰电流。PM7量子化学半经验分子轨道方法计算络合物的热力学参数、分子轨道能量与组成。通过热力学原理分析计算所得数据,表明该络合物稳定性更大,络合作用可以自发形成,形成络合物分子的可移动电子数增加,更有利于电子转移。理论计算结果与实验结果趋于一致。     

纳米Y2O3:Eu3+超声辐射沉淀制备及其性能研究

采用超声辐射沉淀法以草酸为沉淀剂制备出纳米Y2O3:Eu^3 粉体。利用XRD、TG-DTA、TEM等手段对其进行了表征．并对其光谱特性进行了研究。结果表明：将超声辐射引入普通沉淀法中，可显著提高粉体性能，所得纳米Y2O3:Eu^3 为球形，粒度分布均匀，粒径约为38～45nm，与微米晶相比，该纳米晶的发射光谱发生蓝移，激发光谱发生红移。     

自适应中值滤波用于色谱信号去噪的研究

在分析化学领域中，如何从被干扰的信号中有效去除噪声并恢复有用信号，具有重要的意义。此文从中值滤波基本概念出发，针对经典中值滤波器滑动窗口长度固定对信号去噪的影响，提出了自适应中值滤波器，通过对某元素色谱曲线进行去噪处理，并与移动均值法和小波变换法进行比较表明，此方法不仅能有效地滤除脉冲和高斯噪声，而且使色谱峰的边缘得到良好保护，从而提高了色谱数据分析的精确性。     

光谱检测装置和方法以及喇曼放大器反馈控制装置和方法

本发明的光谱检测装置用于检测在传输线路中传输的具有n个波长的光信号的光谱，其中n是大于1的整数，该装置包括：至少一个第一分路器和一个第二分路器，设置在所述传输线路上，用于分接出所述光信号；分别与所述至少一个第一分路器连接的具有倾斜插损谱的滤波器，用于对相应的光信号进行滤波；分别与所述滤波器连接的第一功率检测器，用于检测滤波后的光信号的功率；第二功率检测器，直接与第二分路器连接以检测其中的光信号的功率。     

小波包去噪信号的分形特征

将分形理论与小波包滤波相结合，用盒维数的大小来评判信号曲线的滤波情况。随着小波包分解尺度的增大，滤波后信号曲线的盒维数逐渐减小，并最后趋于稳定值。因此可以根据盒维数-分解尺度曲线来选择最佳分解尺度。对仿真含噪信号进行了滤波实验，结果表明：即使在信噪比低至0．5时仍能得到较好的结果，并且该法用于毛细管电泳实验数据的处理结果同样令人满意。     

模式滤波器在色谱信号除噪中的应用

提出一种模式滤波器方法,用于解决色谱信号中宽带噪声的除噪问题。模式滤波器的应用原理是基于色谱信号与宽带噪声之间的形态差异。工作过程：先采用模式匹配方法识别宽带噪声,再识别各种噪声的起始点与终止点,最后采用线性插值方法重构含噪声的色谱信号。方法具有实现简单、运算速度快、去除噪声能力强等特点。由实际采集的色谱信号经除噪处理后所得的结果表明：模式滤波器比一般滤波器具有更好的除噪效果。     

Ferrocene containing N-tosyl hydrazones as optical and electrochemical sensors for Hg2+, Cu2+ and F− ions

Ferrocene containing N-tosyl hydrazones as selective and sensitive optical and electrochemical chemosensors were synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray analysis. The cation and anion binding studies were carried out using various techniques including electrochemistry, UV–vis and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Chemosensors 2a and 2b have shown excellent selective recognition toward Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and F^? through optical and electrochemical signals. The color of 2a and 2b in solution changed visibly from pale yellow to red upon addition of Hg²⁺ion, while the color of solution changed from pale yellow to yellow green upon addition of Cu²⁺, which can be easily detected by the naked eye.     

低频外信号选择性优化的钙信号与IP3信号

用数值模拟的方法研究了钙信号系统中钙振荡与IP3振荡共存时,噪音和低频外信号对它们的选择性优化和调控.研究结果显示,低频外信号能够协同噪音作用,在一定强度范围内优化钙信号和IP3信号,但能够协同优化钙信号的条件范围明显较宽,说明协同作用对钙信号具有优先选择性.此外,在两种化学信号均可以被优化的外信号参数作用下,信号被优化的噪音强度范围也具有选择性.     

仿生信号转导体系的构建:囊泡表面磷脂信号分子诱发的乳酸脱氢酶的激活

以细胞肌醇磷脂信号转导途径为原型，在合成肽脂囊泡(人工细胞膜模型)上，利用天然磷脂为信号分子，成功地激活了处于囊泡表面的乳酸脱氢酶．为此，将1，2-二-十四烷基磷脂酰乙醇胺等天然磷脂嵌入合成肽脂N，N-二-十六烷基-N^a-6-三甲胺基己酰基-L-甘氨酰胺囊泡中，制备了稳定的混合双层膜囊泡，用透射电子显微照相、动态光散射及差示扫描量热等手段确认了混合囊泡的形态及粒径分布．以磷酸吡哆醛等维生素B6类化合物为信号分子激活剂，利用它们与天然磷脂形成复合体，进而与Cu^2 形成强的金属配合物的性质，实现了对处于囊泡表面、被Cu^2 抑制的乳酸脱氢酶的激活，构建了一个新的仿生信号转导体系．紫外一可见光谱实验证实了以上结果．此外，结果还表明囊泡表面的疏水作用和静电引力是促进天然磷脂一磷酸吡哆醛复合体形成的主要因素．囊泡表面的疏水微环境作为反应场是构建此仿生信号转导体系不可缺少的要素．     

Fourier Self-deconvolution Using Approximation Obtained from Frequency Domain Wavelet Transform as a Linear Function

Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) for resolving overlapped bands was originally developed by Kauppinent et al. in 19811–3. Unfortunately, the conceptual simplicity of FSD is counterbalanced by a number of failings4. Firstly, linear function for deconvolut…     

电化学噪声测量分析系统设计与实现

根据电化学噪声原理,利用微机技术设计实现了电化学噪声测量分析系统。该系统具有高灵敏度,自动选择量程,多回路自动测量,可调整采样参数等功能,并在时／频域内对所测量的电化学噪声进行分析。     

Signal suppression/enhancement in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS from concomitant medications

This paper presents a study of the signal suppression and enhancement effects in assays based on HPLC-ESI-MS/MS detection. The major focus was to investigate the effect of signal suppression/enhancement of typical co-administered (concomitant) medications, i.e. naproxen and ibuprofen. The results demonstrate that the analyte and internal standard can experience signal enhancement up to a factor of ca 2.9 if the test analyte or internal standard co-elute with concomitant. Experimental results also demonstrate that the analyte and internal standard signal increased by a factor of ca 2.0 in the negative ion mode at physiological relevant levels of naproxen (100 microg/mL) and by a factor of ca 1.6 in the negative ion mode at physiological relevant level of ibuprofen (10 microg/mL) in both neat and plasma samples. Signal enhancement significantly increased when concomitant medications ionized in the same ion mode as the analyte and internal standard. To overcome signal enhancement or potential suppression from concomitant medications, a comprehensive HPLC method needs to be developed with sufficient separation of concomitant medication from the analyte and internal standard. Other means to reduce signal enhancement or potential suppression include switching ionization polarity and performing comprehensive sample clean-up to remove concomitant medications before analysis.     

Secretory Expression of Saccharomycopsisfibuligera R64 α-Amylase with Native Signal Peptide in Pichiapastoris

Saccharomycopsisfibuligera R64 α-amylase (Sfamy) can degrade raw starch making it attractive for industrial application. The enzyme has been widely used in the food and textile industries, and recently in the generation of renewable energy. Here we report the secreted expression of Sfamy with native signal peptide in Pichiapastoris using the methanol controlled alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter. The gene for Sfamy with native signal sequence (WTSfamy) was amplified from S. fibuligera genomic DNA employing PCR method and was cloned using pPICZA expression vector for Pichiapastoris. Expression of Sfamy in P. pastoris was induced by addition of 0.75% methanol every 24 h. The result showed that Sfamy was secreted by P. pastoris to the culture supernatant. The highest activity of Sfamy in the culture supernatant was found at 72 h induction time, that was 32.29 U/mL. The result showed that Sfamy with native signal sequence was recognize by P.pastoris secretion machine, which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis with the molecular weight 54 kDa.     

Secretion of Geobacillus Thermoleovorans IT-08 α-L-Arabinofuranosidase (AbfA) in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by Fusion with HM-1 Signal Peptide

Two different expression vectors were constructed to investigate two signal peptides on secretion of Geobacillus thermoleovorans IT-08 α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AbfA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They were designed to direct the secretion of AbfA by the aid of one of the following signal peptides, the αF signal peptide in the plasmid YEpFLAG1-Af and HM-1 signal peptide in the plasmid pYHM1-Af. Although some successful results have been reported in proteins secretion with αF leader sequence, in this research no α-L-arabinofuranosidase activity could be observed in recombinants S. cerevisiae YEpFLAG1-Af. The HM-1 leader sequence, originated from Hansenula mrakii IFO 0895 killer toxin, showed the capability to AbfA secretion.