RADIATION DEGRADATION OF CHITOSAN IN THE PRESENCE OF H2O2

INTRODUCTIONChitosan, poly-β-(1 -?4)-D-glucosamine, can be obtained from chitin by deacetylation with alkali. It is soluble indilute acidic medium due to the presence of amino groups. The use of chitosan in many areas, such as foodprocessing, biochemistry, Pharmaceuticals, medicine, and agriculture has been developed over the pastdecades[1,2].In recent years, it has been reported that many properties of chitosan depend on the molecular weight[3]. Thechitosan oligomers possess better fun…     

Modeling Steroid 5alpha-reductase and Characterizing Its Potential Active Sites

Steroid 5alpha-reductase of human is an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway from testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Up to now, no crystal structure of this enzyme has been reported. However, knowledge of the tertiary structure and possible active sites is essential for understanding the catalysis mechanism and for the design of inhibitors. A model with putative active sites has been created and evaluated by using homology modeling and molecular docking techniques based on the bioinformatics knowledge. The homology model is optimized in Swiss PDB Viewer with MM method and substrate structures before docking are also optimized on HF/6-31G. The active site for the docking of NADP, T, DHT and Finasteride is located near the N-terminus of enzyme. Four active amino acids in the active site are identified as Ala26, Arg53, Arg176 and Lys177. Reaction procedure, binding pattern of active sites, the types of weak interaction and so on are also discussed.     

不同温度下α-氨基酸在CTAB溶液中的体积及折光率的变化

Densities(ρ)and refractive indices(nD)of glycine(Gly),DL-alanine(Ala),DL-valine(Val)(0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,and 0.10 mol·L-1)in 0.005 and 0.008 mol·L-1 aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)have been measured at 298.15,303.15,308.15,and 313.15 K.The density data have been utilized to calculate apparent molar volumes(φv),partial molar volumes(φ0v),at infinite dilution and partial molar volumes of transfer φ0v(tr)of amino acids.The refractive index data have been used to calculate molar refractivity(RD)of amino acids in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.It has been observed that φ0v varies linearly with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of amino acids,and hence,was split to get contributions from the zwitterionic end groups(NH 3,COO-)and methylene group(CH2)of the amino acids.The behaviour of these parameters has been used to investigate the solute-solute,solute-solvent interactions and the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium cation on these interactions.     

Preparation and Reactions of Amino Acid Ester Sulfones as New Remote Asymmetrical Induced Reagents

The development of chiral auxiliary-controlled asymmetric synthesis has been receiving increasing interest in recent yearsfi,2] Various chiral auxiliary reagents have been observed[3] and a lot of results showed that variation of the chiral auxiliary could influence asymmetric induction. Recently, it has been reported the reaction of the aminated sulfones as a remote chiral auxiliary with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.[4] Here we would like to report the preparation of amino acid ester sulfones as new remote asymmetrical induced reagents and their reactions with α,β-unsaturated esters.     

A Thermochemical Study of the Reaction of Lanthanum Nitrate with Alanine

IntroductionRare earth ions possess some special functions, in biochemistry and can be used as aprobe to label the calcium ion, moreover, amino acids are the structure unit of proteins, so itis very important to make research on the complexes of rare earth salts with amino acids. Theresearch on the behaviour of the complexes of rare earth salts with amino acids has become aheated point of the research in the crossing field of chemistry and biology in recent years['--'].In order to guide the de…     

Synthesis and Characteristics of a New Molybdoantimonate KSbMoO_5

1 INTRODUCTION Great efforts have been made for the discovery of microporous solids due to their rich structural chemi- stry and wide applications in some commercial pur- poses as ion exchanger, absorbent, and catalyst[1]. Since many properties of porous materials depend on their composition and architecture, recent attention has been paid to incorporating other main group and tra- nsition metals into open frameworks, and plenty of materials are reported to contain polyhedra, such as [X…     

Convenient Asymmetric Borane Reduction of Ketones Catalyzed by Simple Amino Alcohols and Corresponding Amino Acids

The catalytic enantioselective borane reduction of ketones is a well-studied theme1. Since the pioneering work of Corey2, a variety of good catalysts have been synthesized through further modification on simple amino alcohols and their corresponding amino acids,3,4 . But when simple amino alcohols were directly used in the reduction their catalytic efficiency was very low. For the first time Buono5 has reported through carefully chosen reaction condition the catalytic efficiency of a simple…     

Amino Acids Catalyzed Direct Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Micelles

Since the discovery of its roles as a good small-organic-molecule catalyst in intramolecular aldol reactions, pro line has drawn considerable attention in synthetic chemistry due to its similarity to the type-Ⅰ aldolases. Recently,List and others have reported some new direct asymmetric intermolecular reactions catalyzed by proline, including aldol, Mannich, Michael, and other analogous reactions. Except for two recent examples, [1,2] proline catalyzed aldol reactions in aqueous micelles have not been reported, nor have other amino acids as organocatalysts in directly catalyzing aldol reaction been reported. Herein we wish to present our recent results regarding environmentally be nign direct aldol reactions catalyzed by amino acids including proline, histidine and arginine in aqueous media.     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Bis(2,2''''-bpy)bis(azide)cobalt(III) nitrate dihydrate

1 INTRODUCTION The research on azide-bridged transition metal complexes has attracted great interest in the past decade due to their magnetic properties and potential applications[1~2]. A number of azide- bridged complexes with the end-to-end coordination mode affording antiferromagnetic exchange interactions and the end-on coordination mode showing ferromagnetic exchange interactions have been reported in recent years[3]. In the synthesis of azide bridged cobalt complexes, it was found …     

Synthesis and Study on the Complexation of Dithidiaza 21-Cown-7- Bearing Appended Coumarin or 1-Aminonaphthene as Sidearms

The high toxicity of many transition and post-transition metal ions, especially Hg2+ and Pb2 + , is well recognized and a lot of attention has been paid to control contamination of water supplies by toxic metal ions and to monitor the level of these metal ions in the environment. For the application purpose in controlling and monitoring the concentrations of specific metal ions in a complex matrix continuously and remotely by using ion-selective sensory devices, chemical sensors based on the synthetic fluoroionophores and chromoionophores capable of signaling complexation of metal ions have been reported, [1～ 5], and a series of dithidiaza 21-rown-7 bearing appended coumarin or 1-aminonaphthene as sidearms was synthesized. [6]     

Volumetric and Refractive Index Behaviour of α-Amino Acids in Aqueous CTAB at Different Temperatures

Densities （ρ） and refractive indices （nD） of glycine （Gly）, DL-alanine （Ala）, DL-valine （Val） （0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 mol·L^-1） in 0.005 and 0.008 mol·L^-1 aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） have been measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. The density data have been utilized to calculate apparent molar volumes （φv）, partial molar volumes （φv^0）, at infinite dilution and partial molar volumes of transfer φv^0 （tr） of amino acids. The refractive index data have been used to calculate molar refractivity （Rr,） of amino acids in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. It has been observed that φv^0 varies linearly with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of amino acids, and hence, was split to get contributions from the zwitterionic end groups （NH3^＋ COO^-） and methylene group （CH2） of the amino acids. The behaviour of these parameters has been used to investigate the solute-solute, solute-solvent interactions and the effect of cetyltrimethylammoniuln cation on these interactions,     

Low-Temperature Heat Capacity and Thermal Decomposition of Crystalline[Ho（Thr）（H2O）5]Cl3

Rare earth elements have been widely used in many areas. Rare earth complex bearing an amino acid was synthesized to study the influence and the long-term effect of rare earth elements on environment and human beings,because amino acid is the basic unit of the living things. Previous work on these kinds of comidex is focused on synthesis and characterization of them. But thermodynamic data have seldom been reported. Here we present the thermod~nRmle study of [ Ho (Thr)(H20 )5]Cl3. The heat capecity of Holmium complex with threonine,[Ho(Thr)(H2O)5]Cl3,was measured with an automatic adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 79K to 330K and no thermal anomaly was found in this range,Thermodynamic functions relative to standard state 298.15K were derived from the heat capactiy data.Thermal decomposition behavior of the complex in nitrogen atmosphere in the range from 300K to 900K was studied by thermogravimetric(TG) technique and a possible decompostion mechanism was proposed according to the TG-DTG results.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Multithiouracils

Alkylation of bases group of nucleic acid, thymine and uracil, has attracted great attention. In order to investigate the intermolecular interactions, [1,2] and the photoreactions[3,4] between bases group of nucleic acid, many studies were focused on the synthesis of bisbases in the formation of B-(CH2)n-B (B′) in which trimethylene was commonly used as linker. Thiouracil is an important derivative of nucleic acid bases, and it can interfere with the synthesis of thyroxine, especially in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and angina. However, to our knowledge, the synthesis of bisthiouracils, even trithiouracils, using flexible or rigid linkers has not been reported. Herein, we have synthesized eight thiouracil derivatives by nucleophilic reaction between thiouracil and varied bromides. All the compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR and element analysis.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Lanthanum Nitrate with Methyl－2－pyridyl Ketone Benzoyl Hydrazone

IntroductionThe coordination chemistry of Schiff base lig-ands has received more and more attention in thepast two decades[1— 4] .This kind of complexes pos-sesses a wide spectrum on biological and pharma-ceutical activities,such as antitumorand antioxida-tive activities[5,6] ,and studies on them are an inter-esting topic because of their electronic,magneticand photophysical properties[7] .Although a lot ofresearches have been reported,the studies con-cerned with the lanthanide complexes on t…     

STUDY OF ACTIVE MATERIALS FOR THE RARE EARTH ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODES

The research work on preparation process of active materials of the rare earth ion selective electrodes and the valence of the electrode membrane were reported. The active materials were characterized by infrared spectrum, elemental analysis and XPS.We had studied the rare earth ion selective electrodes in which the active materials consist of functional polymers[1-3]. In this paper, the research work on preparation process and the valence of the electrode membrane were reported, which has not been seen in literature yet.     

APPLICATION OF THE SULFONATE ESTER GROUP AS A LINKER FOR SOLID PHASE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

1. INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, solid phase organic synthesis (SPOS) has been increasingly used in the synthesis of small organic molecules [1]. The rapid development of SPOS brings with it the need for expanding a variety of linkers in order to accommodate new synthesis methods[2], and especially in the case of combinatorial chemistry, to allow additional diversity elements.Recently, Rueter and coworkers reported the use of a sulfonate ester as a linker in SPOS [3,4] and the compati…     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mn（phen）（PhCOO）2（H2O）

1 INTRODUCTION During the last decade the manganese che- mistry has aroused great interest due to its diverse redox functions of enzymes in photosystem Ⅱ and its specially structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties[1, 2]. A lot of manganese complexes involving carboxylate ligands have been reported, and their properties been fully explored[3, 4]. The coordination environment of the manganese site in biosystem often consists of oxygen and nitrogen atoms from the carboxylate groups…     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermoanalysis of Complex of Zn(II) with Aminomethanesulfonic Acid-5-bromosalicylaldelyde Schiff Base

1 INTRODUCTION There is considerable interest in the study of Schi- ff-base complexes containing sulfur and complexes of amino acid Schiff-bases[1~8] due to their antiviral, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Furthermore, zinc, as one of the most important trace elements, plays a versatile role in biological systems due to its structural and catalytic roles in enzymes[9, 10]. There- fore, many efforts have been expended on the study of synthetic analogues of zinc enzymes in the hope…     

Synthesis and Characterization of aLead（Ⅱ）Complex with MicroporousStructure

1 INTRODUCTION Recently, much interest has been focused on various extended framework due to their intriguing architectures, new topologies and potential applications in microelectronics, nonlinear optics, molecular selection, ion exchange and catalysis[1~4] . In the last few years, a wide range of infinite structures with diverse topologies has been prepared by the reaction of metal ions with mulriple organic ligands[5～9]. However, up to now, much of the work has been concentrated on c…     

Computational Characterization of Reactive Intermediates of Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase

The catalytic oxidation of CO to CO2 by carbon monoxide dehydrogenases has been explored theoretically, and a large C-cluster model including the metal core [Ni-4Fe-4S] and surrounding residues and crystal water molecules was used in density functional calculations. The key species involved in the oxidation of CO at the C-cluster, Cred1, Cred2 and Cint, have been elucidated. On the basis of computational results, the plausible enzymatic mechanism for the CO oxidation was proposed. In the catalytic reaction, the first proton abstraction from the Fe（1）-bound water leads to a precursor to accommodate CO binding and the subsequently consecutive proton transfers from the metal-bound carboxylate to the amino acid residues facilitate the release of CO2. The hydrogen-bond network around the C-cluster formed by conserved residues His93, His96, Glu299, Lys563, and four water molecules in the active domain plays an important role in proton transfer and intermediate stabilization. Predicted geometries of key species show good agreement with the reported crystal structures.