CP@NiAl-LDH复合材料的制备及其超级电容器性能

通过采用简易温和的水热条件制备导电聚合物@镍铝层状双金属氢氧化物复合材料(CP@NiAl-LDH),构建电子/离子的高速传输纳米通道,利用SEM和XRD对复合材料结构形貌进行表征。电化学性能测试结果表明,导电聚合物为复合材料提供一定的赝电容,促进电荷的快速转移,使CP@NiAl-LDH的电容性能得以显著提升。PPy@LDH具有最好的电容性能,在1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,其比容量高达3 010.3 F·g~(-1),当电流密度升高到20 A·g~(-1)时,其比电容保持率为73.1%,表现出优异的倍率性能;同时,在10 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下10 000次充放电循环后仍具有88.8%的比容量保持率,具有优异的循环稳定性。这主要归功于NiAl-LDH与导电聚合物之间的协同增强效应。     

ZnCo_2O_4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球用于锂离子电池负极材料（英文）

通过液相共沉淀法获得Zn和Co的前驱,经过600℃煅烧处理获得ZnCo_2O_4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球。电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环200次可逆比容量保持为965 m Ah·g~(-1);在0.8 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环350次可逆比容量保持为882 m Ah·g~(-1)。倍率性能测试表明在2 A·g~(-1)的电流密度时可逆比容量为736 m Ah·g~(-1)。     

基于导电基底的多孔银耳状氧化镍的电化学行为（英文）

采用化学沉淀法,在导电基底上原位生长多孔状氧化镍。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电技术和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,由于泡沫镍导电基底增强了电极的导电性,充分利用各组成单元的多孔特性,在电流密度为0.5 A·g~(-1)时,电极的比容量达到3.5 F·cm-2(705 F·g~(-1)),同时电极具有较好的倍率特性(电容保持率68.1%)和稳定的长循环寿命(3 000次循环后电极比容量增加17.6%)。     

纳米多孔双金属氧化物NiCo2O4的制备及其电化学性能

采用快速凝固与脱合金化相结合的方法制备纳米多孔Ni、Ni-Co合金,分别经腐蚀与退火获得纳米多孔NiO、NiCo_2O_4,采用XRD、SEM、TEM、N_2吸附-脱附等对多孔NiO、NiCo_2O_4电极的物相、形貌结构、孔径分布进行表征,并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电等方法测试多孔电极的电化学性能。结果表明,得到的纳米多孔NiO具有均匀的"泥裂"式结构,在1A·g~(-1)电流密度下比电容为375 F·g~(-1),当电流密度增加至20 A·g~(-1)时的比容保持率为67.5%,在4 A·g~(-1)电流密度下循环充放电1 000次,比容保持率为81.7%;NiCo_2O_4形成典型的开放式纳米多孔双连续结构,其在1A·g~(-1)电流密度下比电容为674 F·g~(-1),当电流密度增加至20 A·g~(-1),比容保持率达72.0%;在4 A·g~(-1)电流密度下循环充放电1 000次,比容保持率达92.9%,双连续纳米多孔结构及其提供的机械稳定性,使得NiCo_2O_4表现出更为优异的超电容性能。     

用于高性能超级电容器的氮掺杂碳纳米网的制备

以菲为碳源、氨气为氮源,通过一步碳化、活化法成功制得了氮掺杂碳纳米网(NCNs)。在800℃下制得的样品(NCN_(800))具有独特的网状结构、大的比表面积(1 567 m~2·g~(-1))和高的原子百分含量(N 4.41%、O 13.71%)。归因于这些结构特征,工作电极NCN_(800)在三电极系统中显示出高的比电容(0.05 A·g~(-1)电流密度下比电容为542.3 F·g~(-1))。此外,用于对称超级电容器的NCN_(800)电极展现了高的比电容(0.05 A·g~(-1)电流密度下比电容为443.6 F·g~(-1))、良好的倍率性能(20 A·g~(-1)电流密度下比电容为341.2 F·g~(-1))以及优异的循环稳定性(经过30 000次循环后比电容保持率为93.5%)。     

香菇生物质基氮掺杂微孔碳材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

采用简易浸泡法和一步碳化/活化法制备香菇生物质基氮掺杂微孔碳材料(NMCs),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料的结构形貌进行表征,并研究了其超级电容特性。测试结果表明,NMCs的微孔比表面积高达1 594 m~2·g~(-1),且拥有更高数量的含氮官能团,其吡啶型含氮官能团比例也有所提高,展现出优异的超级电容特性。在0.5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,其比容量高达325 F·g~(-1),当电流密度上升到20 A·g~(-1)时,其比电容仍然高达180 F·g~(-1),表现出优异的倍率性能;同时,在5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,电极经历5 000次充放电循环后具有97.7%的比容量保持率,展现出优异的循环稳定性。这主要归因于NMCs超高的微孔比表面积和丰富的含氮官能团。     

超级电容器用相互连接的类石墨烯纳米片

采用氧化镁模板耦合原位氢氧化钾活化法制备了超级电容器用煤焦油基相互连接的类石墨烯纳米片(IGNSs)。所制备的IGNS具有高达2887 m~2·g~(-1)的比表面积和大量的分级短孔。当作为超级电容器的电极材料时,在6 mol·L~(-1) KOH电解液中,于0.05 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,IGNS显示出313 F·g~(-1)的高比容;在20 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,IGNS的比电容为261F·g~(-1),显示了好的倍率性能;经过10000次循环测试后,其容量保持率为92.7%,展现了优异的循环稳定性。这一工作为从芳烃分子大规模生产高性能储能用类石墨烯纳米片提供了一种简单的方法。     

α-Fe2O3空心球的简易合成及其储锂性能研究

利用葡萄糖作为模板,与Fe~(3+)溶液水热合成、高温煅烧后获得了空心球形的Fe_2O_3。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及物理吸附仪对其进行物相结构、形貌及多孔性分析。锂离子电池电化学性能测试结果表明,与立方型α-Fe_2O_3相比,空心球状的α-Fe_2O_3负极材料表现出更加优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。在200 mA g~(-1)电流密度下首次放电比容量为1295 mAh g~(-1),首次库伦效率为81%。在500 mA g~(-1)电流密度下,空心球状α-Fe_2O_3电极首圈比容量高达1249 mAh g~(-1),首次库伦效率达到73%;循环500圈后,容量保持率为84%,库伦效率达98%以上。在1 A g~(-1)、2A g~(-1)大倍率电流密度下,放电比容量分别为1048 mAh g~(-1)、992 mAh g~(-1),容量保持率分别达到90%与85%。因此,空心结构α-Fe_2O_3负极材料不仅可以有效抑制充放电过程中电极的体积膨胀,还可以缩短锂离子的传输路径,提高电极材料的电化学性能。     

不同Ni含量NiCoAl LDH的制备及CNT/Ni0.3CoAl LDH材料的电化学性能

利用水热法一步合成了不同镍、钴元素比例的镍钴铝层状氢氧化物(NiCoAl LDH),并探究了不同Ni元素含量的NiCoAl LDH的电化学性能,在Ni和Co的物质的量之比为3:7时,Ni_(0.3)CoAl LDH具有最优电化学性能。晶格中部分Ni元素被Co元素代替有利于降低氧化电势,提高材料的化学可逆性。然后通过水热法将CNT与Ni_(0.3)CoAl LDH复合,CNT的复合提高了材料的导电性。CNT/Ni_(0.3)CoAl LDH在1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下比容量为1 332 F·g~(-1),电流密度为10 A·g~(-1)时比容量保持率为60.4%。在5A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环3 000圈容量保持率为87.6%。     

脱合金制备纳米多孔双金属氧化物NiMoO_4及其电化学性能

采用快速凝固与脱合金相结合的方法制备纳米多孔Ni-Mo合金,然后退火获得三维双连续纳米多孔NiMoO_4,采用XRD、SEM、TEM对多孔NiMoO_4的成分、形貌和结构进行表征,并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电等方法测试多孔NiMoO_4电极的电化学性能。结果表明,Ni_5Mo_5Al_(90)和Ni_(2.5)Mo_(2.5)Al_(95)经脱合金和退火均可获得纳米多孔NiMoO_4,Mo元素对脱合金具有钉扎作用,可减小多孔合金的骨架和孔隙尺寸,由Ni_5Mo_5Al_(90)合金获得纳米多孔NiMoO_4表现出更为优异的超电容性能,其在1 A·g~(-1)电流密度比容量达708 F·g~(-1),当电流密度增加20 A·g~(-1),其比容保持率达57.1%。在4 A·g~(-1)电流密度下循环充放电1 000次,其比容保持率达91.2%。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.