基于生物发光的高灵敏度三磷酸腺苷检测研究

在微生物检测和食品安全控制中需要对低浓度的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)做出快速准确的测定,基于ATP光学反应原理,设计了一种微量光学反应池,结合萤火虫素-萤火虫素酶发光技术,构建了一种用于现场检测的高灵敏度ATP光学传感器系统.传感器响应波长为550 nm,ATP生物发光反应适宜pH为7.8,在优化实验条件下,发光强度和ATP浓度在对数坐标下呈线性相关,检出限可达1×10-16 mol/L ATP,检测样品仅需30 μL,测量时间60 s.这种检测方法具有响应范围宽,测试简便,快速可靠等特点,适用于ATP现场快速检测,具有很好的应用前景.     

基于微悬臂梁生物传感器检测三磷酸腺苷

基于适配子构建了无标记检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的微悬臂梁生物传感器。 将ATP适配子修饰在微悬臂梁阵列中的传感悬臂镀金面上,用来识别ATP,而参比悬臂修饰巯基己醇(MCH)防止非特异性吸附。 ATP与其适配子发生特异性相互作用,使悬臂的上下两个表面产生应力差,导致传感悬臂产生偏转,扣除参比悬臂偏转后其偏转值与ATP的浓度在0.5~5 mmol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,最低检出限为0.06 mmol/L。 该微悬臂梁生物传感器响应快速、操作简单,并且对ATP具有良好的特异性。     

三磷酸腺苷生物发光法快速测定食品中细菌的含量

建立了测定食品中细菌三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的生物发光分析方法.生物发光原理基于萤光素酶、虫萤光素、氧气、ATP和Mg2+的催化氧化反应.产生的光信号强度与ATP含量成一定关系.考察了各种物理化学参数对反应的影响.反应体系最优化条件:pH 7.4、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)浓度为1.0 g/L和室温反应.方法检出限为1.0×10-12mol/L,线性范围1.0×10-9～1.0×10-11mol/L,分析时间30 min,批内变异和批间变异分别小于4%和5%.研究了部分食品中细菌检测的样品前处理方法,应用于糕点和饮料样品中细菌的测定,加标回收率范围为82.1%～115%.检测结果与传统培养方法检测结果相关性良好.     

毛细管电泳检测大鼠大脑皮质中三磷酸腺苷二钠含量的动态变化

本文建立了大鼠大脑皮质中三磷酸腺苷二钠(ATP)检测的毛细管电泳方法。以89 mmol/L Tris,89 mmol/L硼酸,2 mmol/L EDTA组成的缓冲液(1×TBE,pH8.0)为分离电解质,在聚丙烯酰胺涂层毛细管上,ATP能与样品中的其它组分高效分离。ATP的浓度在0.5~10μg/mL范围内其峰面积和浓度有良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为0.04μg/mL。ATP迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为0.8%和5.7%(n=5)。探讨了脑缺血再灌流后ATP含量的变化规律,结果表明短暂脑缺血再灌流后存在着继发性能量衰竭的现象。     

基于微机械加工技术的双腔型生物传感器

利用微机械加工技术研制了具有三维结构的腔型传感器，双腔型工作电极与Ag/Agcl参比电极集成在同一微芯片上。考察了微腔型电极的电化学特性及其对H2O2含量的测定。并以此为基础电极制备了半乳糖、葡萄糖双腔型生物传感器。结果表明，该传感器可同时测定半乳糖、葡萄糖双组分，线性上限分别为4．5mmol/L和4．0mmol/L。而且在测试双组分过程中，没有观察到明显的交叉干扰现象。     

基于碳纳米管修饰电极的甲醛生物传感器

利用甲醛脱氢酶和羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰的丝网印刷电极,制备了基于还原型辅酶Ⅰ检测的甲醛生物传感器,并优化了传感器的检测条件.结果表明,此传感器对甲醛有较好的电催化氧化作用,显著降低了甲醛的氧化峰电位.在0.001～11nmol/L范围内,响应电流与甲醛的浓度线性相关,其线性回归方程为z(μA)=0.944c(mmol/L,) +0.0623,相关系数为0.9934,响应时间约为20 s,检出限为0.2 μmol/L( S/ N=3).     

利用压电生物传感器研究核因子NF—κB与其特异结合DNA的相互作用

设计并合成了核因子NF-κB的特异结合DNA序列探针,在其5端巯基化修饰后固定在基频10 MHz的石英晶体金膜表面,构建压电DNA-蛋白质相互作用生物传感器,研究了传感器的响应特性及NF-κB的p65蛋白亚基与其特异DNA结合的亲和常数Ka.DNA探针浓度在0.25 ～2.0 μmol/L范围内,随着探针浓度的增加,传感器的响应频率逐渐增大,当探针浓度超过2.0 μmol/L时,传感器的响应频率反而降低;反应缓冲液镁离子浓度、pH对p65蛋白亚基与其特异DNA结合有影响,当MgCl2浓度为50 mmol/L、pH 7.5时,p65蛋白亚基与其特异DNA结合引起的传感器响应频率最大;在p65质量浓度为10 ～40 mg/L时,结合反应引起的频率变化与p65质量浓度呈线性相关,检测批内相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,批间RSD小于10%,最大结合量和结合常数Ka分别为(49.6±1.5) ng和(3.92±0.14)×106 L*mol-1.构建的压电DNA-蛋白质相互作用生物传感器具有结构简单、操作方便、不需标记、实时检测等优点,可直接用于核因子NF-κB与DNA的相互作用研究.     

基于共面薄膜金电极的三磷酸腺苷适体传感器

为了检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的浓度,利用微系统(MEMS)技术小批量加工薄膜金电极,采用自组装法将巯基修饰的三磷酸腺苷适体固定到金电极表面,以三磷酸腺苷适体作为识别元件,构建了一种基于共面薄膜金电极的三磷酸腺苷适体传感器。依据核酸磷酸骨架荷负电特性静电排斥[Fe(CN)6]3!/4!所引起的阻抗变化实现对ATP浓度的检测。首先采用电化学阻抗谱法研究了裸金电极及ATP加入前后、6-巯基己醇封闭电极前后以及不同自组装时间(3,8,15,24和30 h)条件下,电极在电化学阻抗溶液中阻抗值变化。然后研究了不同浓度ATP适体传感器的电化学阻抗谱以及适体传感器的线性度和重复性。结果表明,在自组装时间为24 h,使用6-巯基己醇封闭金电极的条件下,此传感器线性测量范围可达到1~500 nmol/L,检出限为1 nmol/L,线性相关系数为0.9842。此传感器制作简单,检出限低且重复性好。     

基于纳米复合材料/壳聚糖膜的葡萄糖生物传感器研究

采用纳米普鲁士蓝/金纳米粒子/壳聚糖(nano-PB/AuNPs/Chit)复合膜固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)构建新型葡萄糖生物传感器。通过电化学阻抗谱以及电流-时间曲线法(I-t)研究了传感器的电化学特性。结果表明,传感器在葡萄糖浓度为0.01～1.0 mmol/L范围内呈线性,响应灵敏度为68.15μA.(mmol/L)-1.cm-2,表观米氏常数为5.1 mmol/L。该传感器可用于糖尿病人血糖的测定。     

高效液相色谱同时检测生物样本中8种单胺类神经递质

建立一种快速、准确测定生物样品中左旋多巴(L-DOPA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、多巴柯(DOPAC)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、高香草酸(HVA)及5-羟色胺(5-HT)8种递质含量的高效液相色谱- 电化学检测方法.使8种物质在25 min于单一流动相、单流速、单通道检测器情况下达到良好的分离效果.采用ESA MD-150色谱柱 (150 mm×3.2 mm, 3 μm),流动相为50 mmol/L柠檬酸、50 mmol/L无水乙酸钠、0.5 mmol/L 1-庚烷磺酸钠、0.5 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠、5 mmol/L三乙胺,pH 3.5,在甲醇浓度为5%～10%,流速0.3～0.5 mL/min, 柱温为30 ℃时,都能使8种物质很好分离,其中在甲醇浓度8%,流速0.4 mL/min,检测到前5种物质线性范围为0.005～10 nmol/L; 后3种0.001～10 nmol/L,8种物质相关系数在0.994～0.999之间,检出限在pmol/L水平;回收率在80.3%～102.1%之间,相对偏差在1.4%～4.8%之间.且对样本处理和保存方法进行了探讨.     

Cationic liposomes enhanced firefly bioluminescent assay of bacterial ATP in the presence of an ATP extractant.

Cationic liposomes composed of two components, diethylaminoethyl-carbamoyl cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, were applied to an enhancer for a firefly bioluminescent (BL) assay of bacterial ATP in the presence of an ATP extractant. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), which inhibits the activity of luciferase, was used as an ATP extractant. Cationic liposomes enhanced the BL intensity as long as luciferase was active. The detection limits for cell numbers of Escherichia coli extracts in the presence of cationic liposomes and in water alone were 199 and 897 colony forming units ml(-1), respectively. The sensitivity for bacterial ATP in the presence of cationic liposomes was improved by a factor of 2.5 times compared to that in the presence of diethylaminoethyl-dextran.     

荧光素酶法测定活性污泥中的ATP

选择了４种不同的提取剂，对曝气池活性污泥的腺苷三磷酸进行提取，并用荧光素酶法进行了测定。结果表明，不同提取剂所提取的ＡＴＰ量有很大不同；同一提取剂对不同水样ＡＴＰ的提取效果也不同。     

Antimicrobial properties of natural substances in irradiated fresh poultry

This study was undertaken to determine if a combined treatment (marinating in natural plant extracts or vacuum) with irradiation could have a synergetic effect, in order to reduce the dose required for complete elimination of Salmonella on fresh poultry. The effect of these combined treatments on the shelf-life extension was also evaluated. The fresh chicken legs were irradiated at 0, 3 and 5 kGy. The poultry underwent microbial analysis(mesophilic and Salmonella detection). For each treatment, the total microbial count decreased with increase of irradiation dose. The marinating treatment have a synergistic effect with irradiation treatment to reduce the total microbial count and controlling the proliferation during storage at 4°C. Irradiation of fresh chicken pieces with a dose of 3 kGy appears to be able to extend the microbial shelf-life by a factor of 2. When the chicken is marinating and irradiated at 3 kGy or when irradiated at 5 kGy without marinating, the microbial shelf-life is extended by a factor of 7 to 8. No Salmonella was found during all the experiment in the chicken in air and marinated. However, a presence of Salmonella was found in samples irradiated at 5 kGy under vacuum, in unirradiated samples and samples irradiated at 3kGy in air and under vacuum.     

Amperometric Biosensor for Adenosine-5′-Triphosphate Based on a Platinum-Dispersed Carbon Paste Enzyme Electrode

Abstract

A new amperometric biosensor for adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) was designed using a platinum-dispersed carbon paste into which glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase were incorporated. The biosensor is based on the detection of hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzymatic reaction of ATP with glycerol and the subsequent oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate. The use of the platinum-dispersed carbon paste electrode lowered the oxidation potential for hydrogen peroxide, permitting the sensitive detection of ATP at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. A linear response to ATP was observed in the concentration range of 1 x 10^?5 to 2.5 x 10^?3 M.

     

SPE–ICP–AES法测定环境水样中Cr(Ⅲ)

建立固相萃取与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP–AES)测定环境水样中Cr(Ⅲ)含量的方法。合成了功能化铁氧体磁性材料作为固相萃取剂,优化了固相萃取条件。当样品溶液的p H值为2.5时,固相萃取剂能在5 min内完成Cr(Ⅲ)的富集。使用1 mol/L HNO3在3 min内即可解吸附分离Cr(Ⅲ),饱和吸附容量为15.2μg/mg,研究了共存离子的影响。Cr(Ⅲ)含量在1~50μg/L范围内与发射光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.09μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%(n=8),回收率为97.7%~104.8%。该方法高效、快速,测定结果准确可靠,可用于测定环境水样品中的痕量Cr(Ⅲ)。     

Citric Acid Interferes with Adenosine Triphosphate Determination by Bioluminescence

Abstract

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement by bioluminescence is used in microbial adsorption studies for which colony-forming units (CFU) may underestimate true microbial numbers. We observed that citric acid profoundly affected ATP measurement by luciferin-luciferase assay, and we assessed the effect of citric acid on ATP detection in water and buffer systems in the pH range 4.9 to 7.4. Bioluminescence depended on the buffer system, increasing as pH increased in each buffer system and decreasing as the buffer system changed from Na-phosphate to citrate-phosphate. Citrate-phosphate buffer decreased bioluminescence by 82% relative to water at the same pH. Consequences of poor buffer selection are potentially reduced luciferase activity in the bioassay system and underestimation of microbial numbers.     

HMeBMPPT的合成及其对铀(Ⅵ)的萃取机理研究

The solvent extraction of U(Ⅵ) from nitric acid solution was studied with one new extractant, 4-p-methylbenzoyl-2,4-dihydron-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-thione (HMeBMPPT), synthesized via acylation, chlorination and sulfurication of the starting material 1-phenyl-3-methyl-pyrazolone-5(PMP) in high yield. The structure of the new extractant was confirmed by means of elemental analysis, MS, ¹H NMR and X-ray diffraction. The effects of diluent, temperature, the concentrations of nitric acid, and the concentration of extractant on the extraction were investigated and the extraction mechanism is suggested.     

Immunomagnetic separation and rapid detection of bacteria using bioluminescence and microfluidics

This paper describes an immunomagnetic separation of target bacterial cells from others by using magnetic bead. The surface of bead was coated with antibodies which can capture specific organism. The binding efficiency of immunomagnetic bead (IMB) capturing target bacterial cells was higher than 98% when the concentrations of target and interferent bacterial cells were at the same level. The concentration of bacteria was determined indirectly by detecting adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) employing bioluminescence (BL) reaction of firefly luciferin-ATP. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was used as an ATP extractant from living bacterial cells. We found that BAC could enhance the light emission when the concentration of BAC was less than 5.3 × 10⁻²% (w/v) and the BL intensity reached its maximum at the concentration of BAC was 2.7 × 10⁻²%, which was 10-fold stronger than that without BAC. Based on the principle of the IMB, a microfluidic chip combined with immunofluorescence assay for separating and detecting bacteria simultaneously was also developed. The IMBs were magnetically fixed in the bead-beds of chip channels with a 3-mm diameter of NdFeB permanent magnet. The target bacterial cells can be captured magnetically and observed by a fluorescent microscope.     

Extraction of Uranium(VI) with N,N′-Dilauroylpiperazine in Carbon Tetrachloride

A novel extractant, N,N-dilauroylpiperazine (DLPEZ), was synthesized for the first time. The extraction of uranium(VI) with the novel extractant in carbon tetrachloride from aqueous nitric acid media has been studied. The dependence of extraction distribution ratio on the concentration of aqueous nitric acid, extractant, salting-out agent and temperature was investigated and the enthalpy of the extraction was determined.     

ATP bioluminescence method: tool for rapid screening of organic and microbial contaminants on deteriorated mural paintings

Abstract

The extent of the microbial contamination of the seventeenth-century wall paintings in the nave of the old Church of the Holy Ascension (Veliki Kr?imir, Serbia) was evaluated via newly implemented ATP bioluminescence method, and traditional cultivation-based method, utilising commercially available dip slides. To assess the validity of ATP, as a biomarker for rapid detection of mural surface contamination, obtained zones of cleanliness values, in range from 1.0 to 5.3, were compared to documented total microbial counts, ranging between seven and 247 CFU/cm². Small coefficients of determination, 0.0106–0.0385, suggest poor correlation between microbial counts and surface ATP levels; however, zones of cleanliness values are of great help in determining the high points of contamination, aka ‘hotspots’, which should be given special attention during sampling and investigation using other methods. In addition, various aspects of the possible implementation of the ATP bioluminescence method in an integrated system of wall painting conservation are discussed.