添加镝的Nd-Fe-B纳米晶单相合金的微结构与磁性能研究

采用单辊快淬法制备了Nd12.3-xDyxFe79.7Zr0.8Nb0.8Cu0.4B6.0(x=0,0.5,1.5,2.5)合金纳米晶单相永磁薄带,研究了合金薄带晶化处理后,成分、组织结构与磁性能之间的关系.X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,淬态合金主要由非晶相和Nd2Fe14B相组成,完全晶化后由Nd2Fe14B相和少量α-Fe组成.高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)分析表明,经充分退火后,Nd2Fe14B晶体完整,晶粒间几乎没有边界相.随着Dy含量增加,晶粒尺寸细化,矫顽力大幅提高.x=0.5合金综合磁性能最佳,经过700℃晶化处理10min后,其磁性能为Jr=1.09 T,Hci=1048kA·m-1,(BH)max=169.5 kJ·m-3.     

烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体表面渗镀Dy2O3对磁体显微组织和磁性能的影响

研究了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体表面渗镀Dy2O3对磁体组织结构与磁性能的影响. 表面渗镀Dy2O3后, N40的矫顽力由1017 kA · m-1提高到1146 kA · m-1, 38H的矫顽力由1575 kA · m-1提高到1753 kA · m-1, 而通过传统合金化添加同量Dy, N40和38H的矫顽力分别为1061和1634 kA · m-1. 磁体表面渗镀Dy2O3后热稳定性也大大改善. 组织分析表明, 元素Dy从表面扩散并渗入磁体的内部约20 μm厚, Nd2Fe14B晶粒表层附近Dy含量比晶界中高, 说明Dy2O3中的Dy通过扩散与富Nd相及Nd2Fe14B晶粒表面层的部分Nd发生置换反应, 增强了Nd2Fe14B晶粒表面层的磁晶各向异性. 在此基础上, 提出了高矫顽力高热稳定性渗Dy的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体中Dy分布的理想模型.     

热处理工艺对〈110〉轴向取向Tb-Dy-Fe合金性能与显微组织的影响

研究了热处理工艺对<110>轴向取向Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xMx)1.95(M=Mn,Al,Ti,B,x=0.03)合金磁致伸缩性能与显微组织的影响。实验结果表明,热处理后合金的磁致伸缩应变λ和dλ/dH都显著提高,显微组织由片状晶向多边形晶粒转化,而且富稀土相在样品表面和晶界析出,晶粒内部的富稀土相有球化趋势。合理控制热处理温度和时间可以显著提高该合金的磁致伸缩性能。     

镁铁双羟基复合金属氧化物的可控合成及晶面生长特征研究

采用成核/晶化隔离法合成镁铁双羟基复合金属氧化物MgFe-LDH,考察了Mg ∶ Fe摩尔比对MgFe-LDH晶形的影响,探讨了晶化温度及晶化时间对晶面生长选择性及晶粒尺寸的影响规律.结果表明,随Mg ∶ Fe摩尔比增大,层板阳离子排列更为规整.晶化温度对晶粒尺寸的影响显著大于晶化时间的影响.晶化温度相同,随晶化时间延长, MgFe-LDH的晶体结构趋于完整,晶粒尺寸变化不大;晶化时间相同,随晶化温度升高,晶体结构趋于完整,晶粒尺寸明显增大.所得到的MgFe-LDH沿a轴方向的晶粒尺寸对晶化温度变化的敏感程度远大于对晶化时间变化的敏感程度,但总是沿a轴方向的晶粒尺寸大于沿c轴方向的尺寸,即[110]晶面的生长速率比[002]晶面的生长速率快.     

Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6非晶快淬薄带等温晶化行为及矫顽力研究

研究了Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6非晶快淬薄带在943,973和1003 K等温晶化与薄带组织和矫顽力的关系.结果表明,Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6快淬薄带在943 K等温晶化所需晶化孕育时间为12 min,973 K时为5Inin,而1003 K时不足5lIlin.Ndl 0_5%,‰NbB6在1003K晶化25 min后所得的(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B平均晶粒尺寸为163 nm,添加Nb显著延缓了Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6快淬薄带晶化后的晶粒尺寸长大.加Nb,Pr能有效提高Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6的矫顽力.在973 K晶化处理19min时得到平均晶粒尺寸为96 nm的(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B单相组织,其最大矫顽力为1616 kA·m-1.     

Nd10.1Fe(83.7-x-y)CoxZryB6.2永磁材料结构和磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化热处理工艺制备Nd10.1Fe(83.7-x-y)CoxZryB6.2纳米晶永磁材料. 在快淬速度为18 m·s-1时, 经710 ℃/4 min晶化处理后, Nd10.1Fe76Co5Zr2.7B6.2粘结磁体出现最佳磁性能, 分别为Br=0.67 T, JHc=754 kA·m-1, (BH)max=75.1 kJ·m-3. 粘结磁体的磁性能对于快淬速度非常敏感. 随着合金元素的添加, 出现最佳磁性能的快淬速度逐渐减少. 为了得到最佳磁性能, 除了选择合适的快淬速度外, 添加合适的合金元素变得非常重要.添加Zr元素抑制了亚稳相的析出以及细化了晶粒尺寸.比较不加Zr元素的Nd10.1Fe78.7Co5B6.2, 添加Zr元素晶化温度增加了9 ℃, 表明Zr元素也增加了快淬薄带的热稳定性.     

Nd-(Fe,Co,Zr)-B纳米复合磁体的研究

利用XRD,TEM和DTA研究了不同淬火辊速度、晶化处理温度与时间对α-Fe／Nd2Fe14B型Nd10.5Fe78.8-xCo5.0ZrxB5.7纳米晶复合磁体结构和磁性能的影响规律。冷却辊速为25m&#183;s^-1的Nd10.5Fe78.8-xCo5.0ZrxB5.7快淬态条屑具有纳米晶复合磁体结构,不经晶化处理就可获得较好的永磁性能。研究了Zr的添加和晶粒尺寸对性能的影响规律。添加0．5％（原子分数）Zr的合金进行700℃&#215;10min的晶化处理后可获得较好的永磁性能。分析了微观结构和性能变化的机制。     

低温热处理对α-Fe/Sm2Fe17Cx纳米复合永磁合金结构和磁性能的影响

采用X射线衍射分析、振动样品磁强计和差热分析研究了低温退火处理对Sm5Fe80Cu1Si5B3C2．5Zr3．5非晶合金晶化后纳米复合永磁体的组织结构、磁性能及晶化动力学的影响。结果表明,经400℃低温热处理后纳米复合合金中α-Fe相和Sm2（Fe,Si）17Cx相的组织结构均产生了明显改变,晶粒尺寸分别从原始态（未经处理）的50．6nm（α—Fe相）和20．6nm（Sm2（Fe,si）17Cx相）改变为36．5和24．4nm;体积分数分别从71．1％（α-Fe相）和28．9％（Sm2（Fe,si）17Cx相）改变为76．7％和23．3％;同时磁耦合性能明显增强。晶化动力学分析发现,低温热处理增大了非晶合金的短程有序范围,改变了原始态非晶合金中α—Fe相和Sm2（Fe,Si）17Cx相的晶化行为,这是优化α—Fe／Sm2（Fe,Si）17Cx复合纳米晶结构和提高磁耦合性能的根本原因。     

镝氢化物掺杂钕铁硼稀土永磁体的研究

发现了采用减量化重稀土镝添加高效制备块状超高矫顽力稀土永磁体新型方法。在钕铁硼(Nd-Fe-B)系稀土永磁材料中以DyH3的形式掺入稀土镝(Dy)元素,在不同烧结温度1020,1040,1050,1060,1080℃下进行烧结,制备成一系列DyH3掺杂(PrNd)30Fe69B磁体和未掺杂的(PrNd)30Fe69B磁体。研究剩磁、矫顽力与烧结温度及显微结构之间的关系。结果显示:随着温度的升高,剩磁不断上升;矫顽力在烧结温度1020~1050℃时达到最大。重稀土Dy添加可有效增加Nd-Fe-B磁体的矫顽力。采用扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了不同烧结温度对磁体晶粒尺寸、Dy在晶粒内与晶界处成分分布的影响,发现温度超过1060℃时,晶粒会过度长大,使其矫顽力随之下降。稍低的烧结温度1020~1050℃可以获得Dy分布于晶粒呈"壳"状结构并使得Dy尽量分布于晶界处,获得了制备高矫顽力块体稀土永磁较满意的Dy减量化方法。     

(Nd,Dy)13.5Fe80B6.5合金铸片的微结构研究

研究了铸片工艺制备的(Nd,Dy)13.5Fe80B6.5铸片的微结构。结果表明:铸片主要由2∶14∶1相片状晶组成且存在明显的择优取向,晶粒沿[00l]方向择优生长;取向度随轮速改变发生明显的变化,在v=1.5～2m·s-1时取最大值。当v=2m·s-1时铸片由厚度约3μm、且被0.2～0.5μm的富Nd相薄层隔开的2∶14∶1相片状晶组成,铸片中不存在α Fe枝状晶。     

Thermodynamic analysis and purifying an amorphous phase of frozen crystallization centers

The possibility of dissolving frozen crystallization centers in amorphous alloys of the Fe–B system is considered by means of thermodynamic calculations. This can in turn improve the thermal stability of an amorphous alloy. The effect isothermal annealing has on the thermal stability of multicomponent amorphous alloys based on iron is investigated via the highly sensitive dilatometric technique, measurements of microsolidity, and electron microscopic investigations. The annealing temperature is determined empirically on the basis of the theses of the thermodynamic theory of the high temperature stability of multicomponent amorphous alloys, according to which there exists a range of temperatures that is characterized by a negative difference between the chemical potentials of phases in a heterogeneous amorphous matrix–frozen crystallization centers system. The thermodynamic condition of the possible dissolution of frozen crystallization centers is thus met. It is shown that introducing regimes of thermal processing allows us to expand the ranges of the thermal stability of iron-based amorphous alloys by 20–40 K through purifying an amorphous matrix of frozen crystallization centers. This conclusion is proved via electron microscopic investigations.     

Study of the crystallization kinetics in amorphous Fe83P17 alloy

The crystallization kinetics of Fe₈₃P₁₇ amorphous alloy has been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The samples were annealed isothermally at two different temperatures (315 °C and 325 °C). During isothermal annealing of the samples three phases were observed: crystalline Fe₃P phase, crystalline -Fe phase and the amorphous phase. The value of the Avrami exponent was found to be about 2.0 at each annealing temperature. This suggests that the growth rate of the crystals is controlled by volume diffusion and the nucleation rate decreases during crystallization. The activation energy obtained for the overall crystallization process was 193±43 kJ mol^–1.     

Crystallization kinetics and excess free energy of H2O and D2O nanoscale films of amorphous solid water

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) are used to investigate the crystallization kinetics and measure the excess free energy of metastable amorphous solid water films (ASW) of H(2)O and D(2)O grown using molecular beams. The desorption rates from the amorphous and crystalline phases of ASW are distinct, and as such, crystallization manifests can be observed in the TPD spectrum. The crystallization kinetics were studied by varying the TPD heating rate from 0.001 to 3 K/s. A coupled desorption-crystallization kinetic model accurately simulates the desorption spectra and accurately predicts the observed temperature shifts in the crystallization. Isothermal crystallization studies using RAIRS are in agreement with the TPD results. Furthermore, highly sensitive measurements of the desorption rates were used to determine the excess free energy of ASW near 150 K. The excess entropy obtained from these data is consistent with there being a thermodynamic continuity between ASW and supercooled liquid water.     

Cristallisation de LiFe5O8 dans un verre 0,9 Li2B2O4 - 0,1 LiFe5O8

X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements are used to study the crystallization of an amorphous compound: Li₂B₂O₄ (90 mole%)-LiFe₅O₈ (10 mole%). The crystalline phase which first appears in the amorphous matrix is LiFe₅O₈. The average particle size (50 to 300 Å) may be controlled by varying the temperature of annealing and/or the time of annealing. The crystallization kinetics are similar to those of metallic glasses. The fraction transformed, x, as a function of time, satisfies the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation with an exponent n of 0.75. The activation energy for the crystallization process is approximately 0.6 eV. Both these values characterize a primary crystallization.     

Formation and transformation kinetics of amorphous iron(III) oxide during the thermally induced transformation of ferrous oxalate dihydrate in air

Focusing on the formation and transformation of amorphous Fe(2)O(3) in the course of the thermally induced transformations of ferrous oxalate dehydrate in air, the kinetics and physico-geometric mechanisms of the respective reaction steps were investigated systematically by means of thermoanalytical methods, complemented by other techniques. The final product of α-Fe(2)O(3) is produced by heating the sample to 700 K via intermediates of poorly crystalline anhydrous FeC(2)O(4) and amorphous Fe(2)O(3), where the external shape and size of the original sample particles are retained during the overall course of reactions. The initial parts of all the three distinguished reaction steps, that is, thermal dehydration of crystalline water, oxidative decomposition of anhydrous FeC(2)O(4) and crystallization of amorphous Fe(2)O(3), are controlled kinetically by the formation or reconstruction of the surface product layers. The surface product layers play important roles of regulating the physico-geometric kinetic behavior of the established parts of the reactions. The oxidative decomposition of intermediate anhydrous FeC(2)O(4), characterized as the formation process of amorphous Fe(2)O(3), arrests in the final stage of the reaction. The as-produced amorphous Fe(2)O(3), protected probably by the outer shell of the surface product layer and the residual anhydrous FeC(2)O(3), crystallizes to α-Fe(2)O(3) being induced by the surface crystallization. Aiming to contribute notably toward provision of the establishment of the novel fabrication routes of nanosized iron oxides by the controlled crystallization of amorphous Fe(2)O(3), the possible factors controlling and/or affecting the formation and transformation kinetics of amorphous Fe(2)O(3) were discussed.     

Relationship between melting behavior and morphological changes of semicrystalline polymers

The present study on the case of poly(hexamethylene succinate) is to provide a basis for a better understanding of the subtle relationship between melting behavior and morphological changes of semicrystalline polymers. The melting behavior and morphological changes of poly(hexamethylene succinate) during both isothermal secondary crystallization and annealing processes were investigated by DSC and SAXS. DSC results showed that, with increasing crystallization time or annealing time, the melting endotherm continuously shifted to higher temperature, which suggested that some minor structural or morphological changes must occur. However, almost no changes at all on the crystal thickness were observed from SAXS measurements. The observed evidence confirmed that the increase in the melting temperature is not attributed to crystal thickening but crystal perfection. More exactly, the rearrangement and smoothing of tie molecules at the folding surface result in the reduction of the fold surface free energy, which dominantly contributes to the increase in the melting peak temperature. The origin of the new endothermic peak observed after annealing at elevated temperature was also discussed. TMDSC results indicated that the annealing peak resulted from the enthalpy relaxation and devitrification transition of rigid amorphous fraction formed by the driving force of thermodynamic nonequilibrium, rather than usually regarded as the melting of thin lamellae or imperfect crystals formed by annealing secondary crystallization.     

磁场影响聚合物本体结晶动力学的机理分析

在经典的热力学理论基础上,探讨了磁场对聚合物本体结晶过程的成核与生长的影响,建立了相关结晶动力学理论方程.初步认为,磁场产生的＂磁结晶效应＂可能是由于晶相与非晶相之间磁化率差异导致了两相之间磁化能的差异,也可能由于聚合物体系在结晶前会形成一种有序相,减小了体系的熵值,进而改变了结晶过程中的体系自由能,影响其成核与晶体生长,乃至整个结晶动力学方程.利用Matlab软件结合PLLA的各结晶参数值,绘制了结晶自由能与各成核临界参数之间的函数图像.结果表明,在低过冷度下,较小的自由能扰动可能导致较大的晶核临界参数变化.     

Crystallization kinetics and morphology of binary phenolic/poly(ϵ-caprolactone) blends

For the first time, quantitative analyses of the crystallization kinetics, surface free energy of chain folding, and morphology in phenolic/poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) binary blends have been studied. The spherulite growth rate and the overall crystallization rate depend on the crystallization temperature and PCL content in the blend. In addition, the crystallization and melting temperatures of the PCL phase decrease with an increase in the phenolic content. An Avrami analysis shows that the addition of phenolic to PCL results in a decrease in the overall crystallization rate of the PCL phase. The presence of an amorphous phenolic phase results in a reduction in the rate of the spherulite growth of PCL. The surface free energy of folding increases with increasing phenolic content, and the crystal thickness of a phenolic/PCL blend, according to small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), is greater than that of pure PCL because of the increase in the surface free energy of chain folding and the decrease in the degree of supercooling. The observed domain size of the crystalline/amorphous phase (5.9 nm) from SAXS is also consistent with that from solid-state NMR (3–20 nm). All these results indicate that the crystallization ability of PCL decreases with increasing phenolic content in the blends. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 117–128, 2004     

Fe基非晶和纳米晶合金晶化及电化学腐蚀行为

应用单辊甩带法制备非晶态Fe78Si13B9和Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1薄带,并以非晶晶化退火法制备出纳米晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1薄带.利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪和示差扫描量热计(DSC)对该非晶薄带的非晶特性及其晶化过程进行了研究.并用电化学极化曲线的方法和电化学阻抗技术研究了非晶态Fe78Si13B9和纳米晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1合金在1mol/LNaOH溶液里的电化学腐蚀行为,用SEM对极化测试后的试样形貌进行了观察;同时还研究了不同的热处理温度对材料结构及在1mol/LNaOH溶液里耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,该非晶薄带的晶化过程分为两步;纳米晶比非晶合金的耐腐蚀性要好;且随着热处理温度的升高,非晶和纳米晶的耐腐蚀性能都得到提高.     

Phase formation and controlled nanostructuring in amorphous Fe80B20 alloy

The temperature dependence of the volume fraction of the crystalline phase in Fe₈₀B₂₀ amorphous alloy is calculated using equations from the homogeneous nucleation theory of binary systems. It is shown that the crystallization of Fe₈₀B₂₀ alloy is two-stage, as is confirmed by the experimental data obtained by means of highly sensitive dilatometry and X-ray diffractometry. On the basis of results of calculations performed within the theory of the high-temperature stability of amorphous alloys, two areas of its practical application are proposed: (i) enhancing the thermal stability of amorphous alloys by isothermal annealing in the range of temperatures where crystalline nuclei can transition to the amorphous phase; (ii) controlled nanostructuring of the amorphous state with different modes of treatment. Methods are proposed for obtaining the nanostructured state from the initial amorphous state. Alloys in the nanocrystalline state are obtained, as is confirmed by the results from electron microscope investigations.