Ag/La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)MnO_3基催化剂上CH_3OH和CO的完全氧化

合成了Ag/La0 6 Sr0 4 MnO3和Ag/La0 6 Sr0 4 MnO3/γ -Al2 O3两系列催化剂 ;发现钙钛矿型La0 6 Sr0 4 MnO3对低浓度CH3OH或CO的完全氧化显示出相当高的催化活性 ,适量Ag对钙钛矿型La0 6 Sr0 4 MnO3基质的修饰使其对CH3OH或CO完全氧化催化活性获明显提高 ;在 6%Ag/2 0 %La0 6 Sr0 4 MnO3/γ -Al2 O3催化剂上 ,CH3OH完全氧化的T95温度可低至 4 1 3K ,反应尾气中CH3OH氧化中间产物HCHO和CO的含量在检测极限以下 ;而在相同反应条件下在 1 %Pd/γ -Al2 O3和 1 %Pt/γ -Al2 O3催化剂上 ,CH3OH完全氧化的T95温度分别为 5 1 2和 4 68K ,相应反应尾气中HCHO含量分别为 2 0 0× 1 0 -6 和 63 0× 1 0 -6 ;对比考察了这些催化剂的耐热性能和操作稳定性 ,并结合XRD、XPS和H2 -TPR的表征结果 ,讨论了Ag的促进使用本质     

CO2在Cu表面还原成碳氢化合物的DFT计算研究

应用密度泛函理论（DFT）反应能计算及最小能量路径分析研究了CO2在气相和电化学环境中于Cu(111)单晶表面的还原过程。气相中,CO2还原为碳氢化合物的反应路径可能为：CO2(g) + H* → COOH* → (CO +OH)* → CHO*;CHO + H* → CH2O* → (CH2 + O)*;CH2* + 2H* → CH4或2CH2* → C2H4。整个反应由CO2(g) + H* → COOH* → (CO +OH)*,(CO + H)* → CHO*和CH2O* → (CH2 + O)*等几个步骤联合控制。在-0.50V (vs RHE) 以正的电势下,CO2在Cu(111)表面电化学还原主要形成HCOO-和CO吸附物;随着电势逐渐负移,CO2加氢解离形成CO的反应越来越容易,CO成为主要产物;随电势进一步变负,形成碳氢化合物的趋势逐渐变强。与CO2的气相化学还原不同的是,电化学环境下CO质子化形成的CHO中间体倾向于解离形成CH,而在气相中CHO中间体则倾向于进一步质子化形成CH2O中间体。     

Cu／Cr催化剂上的甲醇部分氧化制氢

采用共沉淀法,制得不同配比的Cu/Cr催化剂;考察了O2／CH3OH比对甲醇部分氧化制氢（CH3OH＋1／2O2→2H2＋CO2）反应活性的影响;利用TPR、XRD、BET、N2O测定Cu表面积等手段对Cu/Cr催化剂进行了表征。活性评价结果表明,在低的O2／CH3OH比时,Cu60Cr40催化剂的活性较差,但O2／CH3OH比接近0.5时,活性较好,且氢的选择性也较高,结合表征结果推测,催化剂中的Cu^ /Cu^0比可能决定了甲醇的转化率。     

水汽对TiO_2上CO光催化氧化反应的影响

在室温、杀菌灯照射下 ,对“氧化的”TiO2 催化剂上CO光催化氧化反应进行了研究 ,发现当原料气中加入分压为 3.36kPa水汽时 ,光催化氧化CO的活性明显降低 .这可能是由于杀菌灯照射下TiO2 表面生成的O-(a) 或O(a) 与H2 O反应生成·OH ,降低了表面的O-(a) 和O(a) 的浓度 ,而生成的·OH不能使CO氧化 ,从而降低了氧化CO的能力     

C_6H_2(OH)_3CH_3氧化成羟基苯甲酸反应路径的DFT研究

运用密度泛函(DFT)理论,采用Materials Studio 8.0,用GGA/BP方法研究了C_6H_2(OH)_3CH_3氧化成羟基苯甲酸的反应路径。结果表明,甲基上的氢原子被氧化成羟基以及羟基被氧化为醛基及醛基被氧化成羧基均为放热过程。分子C_6H_2(OH)_3CH_3中甲基氧化成羧基的主路径为三个氢原子氧化反应路径,其路径为C_6H_2(OH)_3CH_3+3O→C6H2(OH)3C(OH)3→C6H2(OH)3COOH+H2O,该路径受限于羟基直接被氧化成羧基过程,需克服130 k J/mol的反应势垒,反应速率常数对数ln(k)为-22.96 s-1;醛基、羟基优先被氧化成羧基的顺序为:-CHO-C(OH)3-HC(OH)2-H2C(OH);提高反应温度、氧气浓度均有利于羟基苯甲酸的生成,适当的催化剂有利于促进整个反应的进行。     

K2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu/Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂的吸附和催化性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了ZrO2－SiO2（ZrSiO）表面复合氧化物负载的Cu－Ni催化剂,并用IR,TPR,TPD及微反技术考察了K2O助剂对CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上的吸附及合成碳酸二甲酯（DMC）反应性能的影响．结果表明：加入K2O助剂使CO2在催化剂表面上的吸附增强,当n（K）／n（Cu＋Ni）＝15％时,CO2在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态（CH3O－和H＋）的吸附减弱;CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上反应的主要产物为DMC,H2O,CO和CH2O;随着K2O助剂的加入,反应转化率及DMC选择性提高,副产物（CO和CH2O）的选择性下降．根据实验结果,探讨了K2O对催化剂表面活性中心电荷分布的影响．     

[π-C5H5N（CH2）15CH3]3[PMoW3O24]／H2O2：高效的环境友好且可再生的烯烃环氧化磷钼钨杂多酸催化体系

研究了一种可循环并且环境友好的催化体系：[π-C5H5N（CH2）15CH3]3[PMoW3O24]／过氧化氢／乙酸乙酯／烯烃．此体系不仅可以催化烯烃的环氧化反应,而且避免了对含氯溶剂的使用．反应在过氧化氢／乙酸乙酯的两相体系中进行,可以将多种烯烃转化为相应的环氧化物,且产率较高．此催化剂具有反应控制相转移的特征,反应结束后可以回收再利用．采用Raman,IR,^31P MAS NMR和^31P NMR等手段对新鲜及重复使用过的催化剂进行表征．结果表明：新鲜催化剂[π-C5H5N（CH2）15CH3]3[PMoW3O24]是一种混合物,含有多种过氧磷钼钨酸盐,如{PO4[MoO（O2）2]4}^3-,[（PO4）{Mo3WO20}]^3-,[（PO4）{Mo2W2O20}]^3-,[（PO4）{MoW3O20}]^3-和{PO4[WO（O2）2]4}^3-．当过氧化氢被完全消耗后,这些小的活性物种就会聚合成具有混合多原子的Keggin型杂多阴离子,形成M-Ob—M（M=W或Mo）和M-Oc-M键．     

K2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu—Ni／MoO3—SiO2催化剂吸附和反应性能的影响

用等体积浸渍法制备了MoO3-SiO2(MoSiO)表面复合氧化物负载的Cu-Ni-K2O催化剂。利用IR,TPR,TPD以及微反技术研究了K2O助剂对CO2和CH3OH在Cu-Ni/MoSiO催化剂表面上吸附和合成DMC（碳酸二甲酯）反应性能的影响。结果表明：K2O助剂的加入,使CO2在催化剂表面吸附强度增加,当K2O含量达Cu-Ni总量的15%时,CO2在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态（CH3O^- H^ ）的吸附强度减弱;CO2和CH3OH和Cu-Ni-K2O/MoSiO催化剂表面反应主要产物为DMC,H2O,CO和CH2O。随着K2O助剂的加入,反应转化率在10%之前增加,之后下降,DMC选择性稍有提高。副产物（CO和CH2O）的选择性下降。根据实验结果探讨了K2O对催化剂表面活性中心的电荷分布的影响。     

三缺位Keggin型磷钨杂多酸盐高选择性催化氧化环己烯

利用三缺位Keggin型杂多酸[A-α-PW9O34]9-和[(FeШ(OH2)2)3(A-α-PW9O34)2]9-的四丁基铵盐做为催化剂,H2O2做为氧化剂催化环己烯氧化反应. 考察了反应时间、H2O2与环己烯的摩尔比,催化剂的用量等因素对反应结果的影响. 结果表明：在1, 2-二氯乙烷为10 mL,H2O2 (30 %)与环己烯的摩尔比为2,反应温度为35 oC,反应时间为6 h,[(C4H9)4N]9[A-α-PW9O34]为催化剂的条件下,环己烯氧化反应的转化率为55 %,主要产物是环氧环己烷,其选择性 ≥ 99 %;而以[(C4H9)4N]9[(FeШ(OH2)2)3(A-α-PW9O34)2]为催化剂时环己烯氧化反应的转化率17 %,主要产物是2-环己烯-1-酮,选择性 ≥ 99 %.     

二[三(2-甲基-2-苯基)丙基锡]二元羧酸酯的合成、结构、热稳定性及除草活性研究

氧化双[三(2-甲基-2-苯基)丙基]锡分别与酒石酸、乙二酸反应,合成了2个二[三(2-甲基-2-苯基)丙基锡]二元羧酸酯[CH(OH)COOSn(CH2Me2CPh)3]2(1)和[COOSn(CH2Me2CPh)3]2·2Me OH(2)。经元素分析、IR、1H和13C-NMR以及X-射线单晶衍射表征结构。化合物中,锡原子均为畸变四面体构型,分子间通过O-H…O和C-H…O氢键作用,化合物1和2分别形成一维无限链结构和二维网状结构。在空气氛下化合物有较好的热稳定性;除草活性结果表明,化合物1和2对马齿苋、稗草、反枝苋、决明子、狗尾草和藜等农作物杂草显示出一定的生物活性,特别是对马齿苋、狗尾草和藜的茎和根的作用较明显,化合物2在25 mg·L-1的较低浓度下选择性、高效地抑制马齿苋的茎和根的生长,为马齿苋的除草剂研究提供了一种方法。     

Synthesis and Characterization of （CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3）2SnBr6

1 INTRODUCTION Recently, the researches on inorganic-organic hy-brid compounds represent an advanced field in mate-rial science[1]. At the molecular level, the combina-tion of two extremely different components providesan avenue to design new hybrid materials as well asthe ability to modulate properties of one or more ofthe components[2～6]. Some attractive properties, suchas efficient luminescence[2～4], ideal thermal and me-chanical stability, interesting magnetic[5], non-linearoptical[…     

Kinetic and mechanistic study of the reactions of atomic chlorine with CH3CH2Br, CH3CH2CH2Br, and CH2BrCH2Br

A laser flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence technique has been employed to investigate the reactions of atomic chlorine with three alkyl bromides (R-Br) that have been identified as short-lived atmospheric constituents with significant ozone depletion potentials (ODPs). Kinetic data are obtained through time-resolved observation of the appearance of atomic bromine that is formed by rapid unimolecular decomposition of radicals generated via abstraction of a β-hydrogen atom. The following Arrhenius expressions are excellent representations of the temperature dependence of rate coefficients measured for the reactions Cl + CH(3)CH(2)Br (eq 1 ) and Cl + CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)Br (eq 2 ) over the temperature range 221-436 K (units are 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)): k(1)(T) = 3.73?exp(-378/T) and k(2)(T) = 5.14?exp(+21/T). The accuracy (2σ) of rate coefficients obtained from the above expressions is estimated to be ±15% for k(2)(T) and +15/-25% for k(1)(T) independent of T. For the relatively slow reaction Cl + CH(2)BrCH(2)Br (eq 3 ), a nonlinear ln k(3) vs 1/T dependence is observed and contributions to observed kinetics from impurity reactions cannot be ruled out; the following modified Arrhenius expression represents the temperature dependence (244-569 K) of upper-limit rate coefficients that are consistent with the data: k(3)(T) ≤ 3.2 × 10(-17)T(2)?exp(-184/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Comparison of Br fluorescence signal strengths obtained when Cl removal is dominated by reaction with R-Br with those obtained when Cl removal is dominated by reaction with Br(2) (unit yield calibration) allows branching ratios for β-hydrogen abstraction (k(ia)/k(i), i = 1,2) to be evaluated. The following Arrhenius-type expressions are excellent representations of the observed temperature dependences: k(1a)/k(1) = 0.85?exp(-230/T) and k(2a)/k(2) = 0.40 exp(+181/T). The accuracy (2σ) of branching ratios obtained from the above expressions is estimated to be ±35% for reaction 1 and ±25% for reaction 2 independent of T. It appears likely that reactions 1 and 2 play a significant role in limiting the tropospheric lifetime and, therefore, the ODP of CH(3)CH(2)Br and CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)Br, respectively.     

The elusive methene ylides CH2CIH,CH2FH and CH2OH2

The possible existence of the ylides CH₂CIH, CH₂₅FH and CH₂OH₂ as stable neutral species in the gas phase has been investigated by the neutralization–reionization (NR) mass spectrometry of their radical cations using a double-focusing mass spectrometer of reversed geometry. The experiments were, for the most part, performed under single-collision conditions with Xe as the neutralization target gas and He and O₂ as reionization agents. For each ylidion a peak was observed in their NR mass spectrum which indicated that the neutral ylide had apparently been produced. However for CH₂FH⁺˙ and CH₂OH₂⁺˙ the m/z 34 and m/z 32 peaks, respectively, were attribut-able to interferences from the natural isotopic abundance of ions of lower mass. For CH₂CIH⁺˙, the NR recovery signal was found to arise from the presence of CH₃CI⁺˙ as an impurity in the ylidion flux. This was proved by examination of the collisional activation mass spectra of the [C, H₃, CI]⁺˙ ions produced in the NR mass spectra of the conventional ions and ylidions, an experiment performed using a triple-sector mass spectrometer.     

Thermal decomposition of di-t-butyl peroxide in the presence of (CH3)2CCH2: Reactions of CH3, (CH3)2ĊCH2CH3, and (CH3)2ĊCH2C(CH3)2CH2CH3 radicals

A study of the reaction initiated by the thermal decomposition of di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP) in the presence of (CH₃)₂C?CH₂ (B) at 391–444 K has yielded kinetic data on a number of reactions involving CH₃ (M·), (CH₃)₂CCH₂CH₃ (MB·) and (CH₃)₂?CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃ (MBB·) radicals. The cross-combination ratio for M· and MB· radicals, rate constants for the addition to B of M· and MB· radicals relative to those for their recombination reactions, and rate constants for the decomposition of DTBP, have been determined. The values are, respectively, where θ = RT ln 10 and the units are dm^3/2 mol^?1/2 s^?1/2 for k₂/k and k₉/k, s^?1 for k₀, and kJ mol^?1 for E. Various disproportionation-combination ratios involving M·, MB·, and MBB· radicals have been evaluated. The values obtained are: Δ₁(M·, MB·) = 0.79 ± 0.35, Δ₁(MB·, MB·) = 3.0 ± 1.0, Δ₁(MBB·, MB·) = 0.7 ± 0.4, Δ₁(M·, MBB·) = 4.1 ± 1.0, Δ₁(MB·, MBB·) = 6.2 ± 1.4, and Δ₁(MBB·, MBB·) = 3.9 ± 2.3, where Δ₁ refers to H-abstraction from the CH₃ group adjacent to the center of the second radical, yielding a 1-olefin. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

中国部分煤种二氯甲烷萃取液中极性和烃类有机物分布特性研究

利用高分辨气相色谱－低分辨质谱联用仪（HRGC／LRMS）检测原煤二氯甲烷萃取液中极性有机物和烃类有机物（脂肪烃和芳香烃）的浓度分布，研究了萃取液中这两类有机物和煤种、煤种成分（固定碳、挥发分、灰分、水分）之间的联系。研究发现萃取液中的有机物浓度和固定碳、挥发分关系密切；极性有机物分布较集中，主要为酯类和醇类；芳香烃以菲、二苯并蒽和苯并Bai为主，烟煤和贫煤多环芳烃含量和毒性当量（TEQ）相对较高，并发现煤的碳化程度越高，芳香化程度越大。本文的结果为将来进一步研究燃煤过程中有机污染物形成机理提供依据。     

Excess Molar Enthalpies of the Ternary System {x1CH3CH2COOCH2CH3+x2CH3(CH2)4CH3+(1-x1-x2)CH3CH2CH2OH} at 298.15 K,and Prediction Using Different Theoric Methods

Abstract

Excess molar enthalpies at the temperature 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure of the ternary mixture {x₁CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₃+x₂CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃+(1-x₁-x₂)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH}and of the involved binary mixtures {xCH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₃+(1-x)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH} and {xCH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃ + (1-x)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH}were measured using a Calvet microcalorimeter. Variable degree polynomials were fitted to the results. The group contribution models of Nitta-Chao and UNIFAC (versions of Tassios, Larsen and Gmehling) were used to estimate ternary excess enthalpy values, and the results were compared to the experimental data. Several empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from binary results were also applied.     

Isomerization of CH3O+=CHCH3 to CH2=O+CH2CH3

Ab initio calculations establish that CH₃O⁺=CHCH₃ (1) rearranges in gas phase isolation to CH₂=O⁺C₂H₅ (2) directly rather than through CH₃OCH₂CH ₂ ⁺ (3). The reaction is predicted to be antarafacial, in accord with the Woodward-Hoffmann (W-H) predictions. We predict an activation energy of 212.0 kJ/mol for this process at the QCISD(T)/6-311G**//MP2/6-311G** level. We also reinvestigated the degenerate rearrangement of CH₃O=CH ₂ ⁺ by a 1,3-sigmatropic shift. The W-H model is not a good one for the transition state (TS) for the latter reaction because the π bonding has been completely broken off. That TS is stabilized by three-center bonding between the carbons and the hydrogen being transferred. We also examined the questions of the importance of polarization functions on hydrogen and a set of outer valence functions on all the atoms in describing these hydrogen transfer TSs, and whether it is necessary to include these functions in the TS optimization runs. For the rearrangements we studied, polarization functions on hydrogen are crucial only for 1,2 hydrogen shifts. The 6-31G* basis set is adequate and good for the optimization of TSs of other ring sizes. For the 1,3 and 1,4 shifts we examined, a combination of both outer valence functions and polarization functions on hydrogen causes reductions in the computed activation energies ranging from 5.9 kJ/mol for the 1,4 shift at the RHF level to 15.6 kJ/mol for the 1,3 shift at the MP2 level.     

球形氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒的制备及其自组装

乙醇与氯化镁按摩尔比为20∶1的比例混合,升温至120℃溶解形成氯化镁醇溶液后,将氯化镁醇溶液冷却至70℃转移至处于搅拌状态的冷却液中,经过滤、正己烷洗涤、干燥后得到球形氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒.经TEM表征颗粒粒径在30～100 nm之间.这种氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒可在室温自组装,形成纳米线.WAXD结果表明,制备的球形氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒的结晶行为受到影响,与纯氯化镁相比,氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒的结晶度低.这种氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒可作为Ziegler-Natta催化剂的载体材料,制备的催化剂可高效催化乙烯聚合,合成聚乙烯微纳米颗粒.     

Bond dissociation energies and radical heats of formation in CH3Cl,CH2Cl2, CH3Br,CH2Br2, CH2FCl,and CHFCl2

An analysis of thermochemical and kinetic data on the bromination of the halomethanes CH_4–nX_n (X = F, Cl, Br; n = 1–3), the two chlorofluoromethanes, CH₂FCl and CHFCl₂, and CH₄, shows that the recently reported heats of formation of the radicals CH₂Cl, CHCl₂, CHBr₂, and CFCl₂, and the C? H bond dissociation energies in the matching halomethanes are not compatible with the activation energies for the corresponding reverse reactions. From the observed trends in CH₄ and the other halomethanes, the following revised ΔH°_f,298 (R) values have been derived: ΔH°_f(CH₂Cl) = 29.1 ± 1.0, ΔH°_f(CHCl₂) = 23.5 ± 1.2, ΔH_f(CH₂Br) = 40.4 ± 1.0, ΔH°_f(CHBr₂) = 45.0 ± 2.2, and ΔH°_f(CFCl₂) = ?21.3 ± 2.4 kcal mol^?1. The previously unavailable radical heat of formation, ΔH°_f(CHFCl) = ?14.5 ± 2.4 kcal mol^?1 has also been deduced. These values are used with the heats of formation of the parent compounds from the literature to evaluate C? H and C? X bond dissociation energies in CH₃Cl, CH₂Cl₂, CH₃Br, CH₂Br₂, CH₂FCl, and CHFCl₂.