光催化耦合微生物同步降解污染物

由于水体中新兴污染物不断增多,如何运用新型处理技术来弥补传统污水处理方法的缺陷已成为当前的研究热点。光催化耦合微生物同步降解污染物(ICPB)在保留生物法处理废水优点的同时,耦合了光催化高效、迅速的特性,可实现对多种污染物质的有效降解,节约了能源和成本,成为水体污染物有效去除的一个重要研究方向。ICPB体系主要由多孔载体、光催化材料及生物膜构成;其主要的工作原理是通过光激发载体上的光催化材料,将水体中难生物降解的污染物转化为可生物降解的物质,同时在载体内部微生物的代谢作用下,将这些污染物的中间降解产物继续矿化。本文根据光催化耦合微生物同步降解污染物体系中的关键构成,归纳总结了载体种类、光催化材料和负载生物的研究进展,探讨了该方法在去除水体污染物中的实际应用,并展望了其将来发展的方向和趋势。     

光催化耦合技术在废水处理中的最新进展（英文）

随着工业进步和人口增长,大量难降解的有机污染物被排放到水体中,环境污染成为一个日益严峻的全球性问题.大多数有机污染物具有致癌性、诱变性、细菌性和复杂多样性,难以通过传统的化学、生物和光解等处理方法有效去除,亟需探索环保有效的去除污染物技术.光催化技术可以直接利用太阳光进行污染物降解,对环境友好,然而,其实际应用受到太阳能利用率低、催化剂分离困难、催化剂稳定性低以及矿化率低等因素的限制.近年来,将光催化技术与其他技术耦合成为解决上述困难的新趋势.对光催化耦合技术的最新进展和工作机制进行系统地梳理和总结对进一步推动去除污染物技术的发展具有重要意义.本文系统总结了光催化耦合技术在废水处理中的最新研究进展.首先,简要介绍了光催化的机理和研究进展,总结了光催化技术在废水处理过程中存在的问题.然后,简要介绍了光催化耦合技术在解决上述问题过程中的研究进展和发展趋势.其后,通过重点介绍一些典型研究,详细地阐述了光催化技术与传统水处理技术(吸附法、膜分离法、生物降解法)、高级氧化技术(电催化法、臭氧化法、Fenton法、过硫酸盐法)和其他技术(热催化法、等离子体法、超声波法、压电催化法、磁场法)的耦合机...     

弱磁场强化零价铁对水中污染物的去除效能及其作用机制

作为一种环境友好、价格低廉的水处理药剂,零价铁（ZVI）的低反应活性已成为基于ZVI水处理技术工程应用的一个重要障碍.如何提高ZVI对污染物的去除已成为目前研究的焦点,作者课题组近年来围绕探究弱磁场（WMF）对ZVI除有毒污染物的正面效应及其作用机制展开了系列研究.该系列工作明确了WMF能够提高ZVI对有毒金属离子的去除速率,探明了WMF强化ZVI除污染的作用机制主要是通过磁场梯度力实现的.为进一步探索磁场对零价铁除污染的正面效应,作者提出通过磁场预磁化来提高ZVI对水中污染物的反应活性,且考察了该方法强化不同来源零价铁去除不同污染物的广谱性.利用WMF强化ZVI对水中污染物的去除具有高效、操作简单、低成本、适用广泛以及无二次污染等优点,因而利用WMF是一种应用前景广阔的提高ZVI活性的水处理技术.     

零价铁去除水中(类)金属(含氧)离子技术发展的黄金十年(2011-2021)

应用零价铁(ZVI)去除水中(类)金属(含氧)离子是近年来研究的热点。在ZVI除污染过程中,同步提升ZVI除污的反应活性与电子效率对该技术进一步推广应用至关重要。本文综述了近十年(2011-2021年)ZVI的提升技术,主要涉及硫化、外加弱磁场、投加Fe²⁺、投加氧化剂以及其他新型技术。从不同体系广谱研究以及单一体系具体研究的角度,系统分析了这些技术对ZVI去除含氧水体中(类)金属(含氧)离子的反应活性、去除容量、电子效率的提升表现及作用机制。最后,对ZVI技术未来的研究方向作出了展望,以期促进ZVI技术的进一步完善与发展。本文有望为增强零价铁去除污染物的实际效能提供新的探索方向并完备相关理论基础。     

水环境中ZVI/氧化剂体系及其电子迁移作用机制

利用零价铁(Zero-Valent Iron,ZVI)去除水环境中的污染物成为近年来的研究热点。当O_2、H_2O_2等氧化剂存在时,ZVI、氧化剂与污染物之间的电子迁移机制非常复杂,ZVI和氧化剂之间的相互影响机制尚无定论。传统观点认为,O_2会促进ZVI钝化膜的形成并阻断电子传递从而降低ZVI的还原性能。然而O_2可在ZVI作用下通过双电子传输转化为H_2O_2,构成ZVI/O2类Fenton体系;在此基础上,利用额外加入H_2O_2、HSO_5~-、S_2O_8~(2-)等氧化剂,发展出了基于·OH或SO_4~(·-)的ZVI/氧化剂高级氧化体系(ZVI-AOPs),从而氧化降解有机污染物。有学者认为H_2O_2、KMnO_4、S_2O_8~(2-)等强氧化剂的加入反而可以加快ZVI腐蚀和失电子的速率,从而提高ZVI去除重金属等污染物的还原性能,该研究结论对钝化膜机制提出了挑战。ZVI与氧化剂的联合作用还可以实现同时还原去除重金属和氧化降解有机物,也可以对卤代有机物等抗氧化污染物实现先还原后氧化去除。本文综述了基于ZVI/氧化剂的高级氧化或还原体系及其电子迁移机制,同时对ZVI与氧化剂的联合作用体系作一总结,并就值得深入研究的问题进行了展望。     

超声技术处理水中有机污染物

超声技术在处理水中有机污染物的应用近年来受到越来越多的关注.与常规处理方法相比,超声处理高效省时.超声技术对众多难处理有机污染物的降解是有效的.本文介绍了超声降解有机污染物原理、影响因素和各种方法,主要包括单独使用超声处理和超声与生物催化剂、化学氧化、吸附等其它技术的联用,综述了近年来利用超声技术处理水中有机污染物的研究进展,对存在问题和发展趋势提出了见解.     

零价铁技术在废水处理领域的应用研究进展

零价铁(ZVI)技术由于其高效性和经济性已经被应用于水处理中。针对ZVI的研究分为两个方面:一方面是研究ZVI改性,包括粒径、内部结构改变,ZVI与其他金属联用;另一方面则是探究ZVI去除水中不同污染物的机理,包括ZVI本身的还原性、FeOOH的吸附共沉淀性、ZVI促Fenton反应等。本文首先介绍了近年来海绵铁、nZVI、ZVI双金属法(微电解法)、ZVI-Fenton法、强氧化剂促ZVI法等水处理方法的研究进展;接着讨论了上述方法去除重金属、砷、硝酸盐、染料及苯酚的反应机理,指出ZVI对于上述几种污染物有着可观的去除效率;最后对未来ZVI处理废水领域的研究提出了建议。     

非均相芬顿体系协同去除复合双污染物:化学转化,pH影响和机理分析

系统研究了ZVI(零价铁粉)-Fenton体系协同去除铜离子和亚甲基蓝(MB)污染物过程中, ZVI微表面发生的化学转化以及目标污染物降解机理. 分别利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线能谱(EDS), X射线衍射(XRD), X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等技术, 对比分析了反应前后以及不同体系之间ZVI表面结构, Fe和Cu化学转移的变化. 结果表明, 在ZVI/H₂O₂体系中反应后ZVI表面腐蚀产物较多, 主要为Fe₃O₄和Fe₂O₃. 在ZVI/H₂O₂-Cu体系中, 虽ZVI腐蚀作用更加剧烈, 但ZVI表面残留的腐蚀产物较少, 且腐蚀产物中Fe₃O₄含量的占比增加. Cu ²⁺主要还原产物为Cu ⁰, 同时还伴随着CuO的生成. pH影响实验表明, ZVI/H₂O₂-Cu体系不仅强化了MB的降解, 有效地去除了总溶解铜离子(TCu), 同时还扩大ZVI-Fenton体系的有效pH范围(pH=2.5~5.5). 叔丁醇捕获自由基实验表明, 羟基自由基是氧化降解MB的主要活性物质. 最后针对ZVI-Fenton体系协同去除复合双目标污染物的机理进行研究分析.     

微生物燃料电池生物阴极

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells, MFCs)利用微生物处理废水的同时产电,是一种清洁可再生能源技术。近年来新兴起的生物阴极是指阴极室中的功能微生物附着在电极表面形成生物膜,电子由电极传递给微生物并发生相应的生物电化学反应;是微生物燃料电池研究的一个重要方向。本文根据厌氧、好氧操作体系的不同将生物阴极进行分类;归纳总结了微生物组成、电极和分隔材料的研究进展,探讨了生物阴极在去除污染物和生成高附加值产品中的实际应用,并提出了其将来发展的可能方向。     

从电化学和微生物学角度分析微生物燃料电池处理硫污染物的机理

微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cells,MFCs)是一种有前景的去除废水中硫污染物的技术。本文在生物膜电极反应机理的基础上,讨论电极反应和微生物在MFCs处理硫污染物过程中的作用,论证了其处理机制和影响因素,总结了反应器构型、分离器类型、电极材料和催化剂,以及硫的回收和电极再生。此外,通过核算对比MFCs和典型的厌氧生物技术处理含硫废水的成本和收益对MFCs去除废水中硫污染物的可行性进行了评估。     

Iron-based nanoparticles in wastewater treatment: A review on synthesis methods,applications, and removal mechanisms

Nanomaterial is an emerging material with potential technological impacts in various applications. It imposes great opportunities in various disciplines including wastewater remediation. Industrial wastewater is generated with anthropogenic activities and is the most environmental threat that needs remediation to overcome the environmental damages, thereby reducing human risks. Currently, several wastewater treatment techniques are applied and the utilization of nanomaterials for pollutant removal is an emerging technology. This is evident that the publication trends in the field of iron-based wastewater have been drastically increased. In this work, the overview of the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles, such as different polymorphs of iron-oxides, oxyhydroxides, iron hydroxide, and zero-valent iron nanoparticles are reviewed. In addition to the detailed discussion on the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles, their application on waste water treatment, removal mechanisms, advantages, and limitations are also assessed and discussed. Moreover, the iron-based nanoparticles' removal efficiency for specific pollutants and perspective in environmental remediation are also analyzed. Additionally, the advancements and future perspectives of iron-based nanoparticles are highlighted.     

Trichloroethylene Dechlorination by Copper-contained Zero-valent Iron Slurry

Zero valent iron technology has been widely used for treating contaminated wastewater these years. However, it always results in inefficiency in the processes of drying and storage due to oxidation and passivation. This could be avoided by in situ synthesized zero valent iron slurry in an emergency if it possesses the same performance as zero valent iron. In this study, iron slurry was synthesized and directly used for dechlorinating trichloroe- thylene to measure its degradation efficiencies and properties. Results show that 2%（mass ratio） copper-contained zero-valent iron slurry exhibits the optimal performance compared with the other iron slurries. Batch experiments in- dicate that factors such as the concentration of trichloroethylene, pH, dissolved oxygen and equilibrium to a certain extent affect the reduction oftrichloroethylene by 2%（mass ratio） copper-contained zero-valent iron slurry. Persistent, high-efficiency degradation performance could last 7 cycles. These demonstrate that the application of coppercontained zero-valent iron slurry in treating trichloroethylene-contained wastewater is realistic.     

Application of BaTiO3-based catalysts for piezocatalytic,photocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and bacterial disinfection in wastewater: A comprehensive review

The coupling of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis known as piezo-photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention as one of the most effective advanced oxidation process (AOPs) for wastewater treatment, especially for the degradation of organic pollutants and disinfection of microbes. To advance this technology, there’s a need to develop lead free piezoelectric materials to drive both piezocatalytic and photocatalytic process to prevent secondary pollution due to lead toxicity. Hence, barium titanate (BaTiO₃) has been widely used as lead free piezoelectric material for several applications including water splitting, bacterial disinfection, and wastewater treatment due to its exceptional optical and piezoelectric properties. This work presents a comprehensive review on the application of BaTiO₃ as a promising lead-free piezo-photocatalyst for the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants and bacterial disinfection from aqueous solution. This review article details the optical and piezoelectric properties, modification strategies, and synthetic methods of BaTiO₃. Furthermore, the application of BaTiO₃ as a preferred piezo-photocatalyst for wastewater treatment and a future perspective is presented.     

Characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles

The iron nanoparticle technology has received considerable attention for its potential applications in groundwater treatment and site remediation. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for the transformation of halogenated organic contaminants and heavy metals. In this work, we present a systematic characterization of the iron nanoparticles prepared with the method of ferric iron reduction by sodium borohydride. Particle size, size distribution and surface composition were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and acoustic/electroacoustic spectrometry. BET surface area, zeta (ζ) potential, iso-electric point (IEP), solution Eh and pH were also measured. Methods and results presented may foster better understanding, facilitate information exchange, and contribute to further research and development of iron nanoparticles for environmental and other applications.     

壳聚糖稳定纳米铁的制备及其对地表水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能

以可生物降解材料壳聚糖为稳定剂, 制备了平均粒径为 82.4 nm的纳米零价铁颗粒. 热重分析表明, 经壳聚糖改性后, 纳米铁在340 ℃以下具有很好的热稳定性. 批试验结果表明, 壳聚糖稳定纳米铁对水体中Cr(Ⅵ)有很强的去除能力, 在空气中放置60 d后, 壳聚糖稳定纳米铁仍具有较高的活性. 壳聚糖分子中的氨基和羟基可与Fe(Ⅲ)形成稳定的螯合物, 阻止Cr(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅲ)共沉淀的形成, 从而促进零价铁的腐蚀和Cr(Ⅵ)的还原去除.     

Phytoremediation of industrial effluent containing azo dye by model up-flow constructed wetland

This study assessed the treatment of azo dye Acid Orange 7(AO7)containing wastewater by laboratory-scale up-flow constructed wetland(UFCW)with and without supplementary aeration.The supplementary aeration could effectively control the ratio of anaerobic and aerobic zones in the UFCW reactor.The results dearly show the supplementary aeration boosted the biodegradation of organic pollutants and mineralization of intermediate aromatic amines formed by AO7 degradation.     

6-氨基青霉烷酸生产废水厌氧和深度处理实验研究

针对6-氨基青霉烷酸生产废水高污染物浓度,高硫酸根,难降解物质多的特点对废水经过硫酸根预处理,稀释3倍和6倍后,废水对厌氧污泥没有急毒性,厌氧污泥可以逐步适应废水环境。经过厌氧处理以及后续的Fenton深度处理,高浓度的6-氨基青霉烷酸生产废水COD_cr可由45450 mg/L 降到255 mg/L。出水COD_cr可达到污水三级排放标准。     

Visible light–driven photoelectrocatalytic semiconductor heterojunction anodes for water treatment applications

Research interest in photoelectrocatalysis or photoelectrochemical oxidation processes for water treatment is on the increase. This is because this method has the ability to abate a wide range of recalcitrant organic pollutants from wastewater. The application of visible or solar light, which has the potential to reduce cost, increase safety, and increase sustainability, is a recent direction in this novel electrochemical technology for water treatment. This review focuses on the use of semiconductor heterojunctions as a way of tuning the photoanode towards visible light activation. The classifications, preparations and various applications of semiconductor heterojunction for the removal of organic pollutants from water in the past two years are presented with concluding remarks and future perspective.     

生物炭负载纳米零价铁的制备及其在环境修复中的研究进展[1]

纳米零价铁（nZVI）作为一种高效还原性修复材料被广泛应用于多种污染物的去除,但易团聚、易被氧化失活的缺陷使其应用受到局限。近年来,研究者们通过将nZVI负载在多孔生物炭（BC）上来改善其本身缺陷,以期提高其应用潜力。本文综述了近年来nZVI/BC的制备方法及优缺点,总结分析了nZVI/BC对水体、土壤和沉积物中多种有机和无机污染物的去除效果和机理。同时综述了不同老化方法对nZVI/BC稳定性和反应活性的影响。在此基础上,在改进nZVI/BC制备技术、应用范围的拓展、潜在的生态和健康风险、探索老化过程和老化机制等方面进行了展望,旨在为nZVI/BC的理论研究和工程实践提供借鉴和参考。