ICP-AES法测定方铅矿中多元素的方法研究

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行方铅矿中多元素同时测定.通过对方铅矿样品化学处理试验建立了HCl-NH4Cl-HNO3的溶矿体系.本体系采用基体匹配、背景系数和元素干扰系数校正及元素内标法确定了最佳综合实验测试条件.本实验建立的ICP-AES法同时测定方铅矿中镉、钴、铜、铁、铟、铅、锌7种元素的方法,本方法测量相对误差RE (n=8)为1.50%～7.50%,相对标准偏差RSD (n=8)为1.7%～5.7%.经国家一级标准物质GBW 07269分析验证可以满足方铅矿单矿物样品的分析要求.     

高温合金分析的进展

现代发动机、工业汽轮机等在高温条件下工作的零件要求使用高温合金材料.按其成分,高温合金可分为铁基、镍基和钻基合金三大类.高温合金的成分分析是保证材质的重要基础技术.分析检验的具体要求不仅要控制各合金元素的含量在规定范围之内,而且还要控制其杂质元素含量不超过某一限度.已经查明杂质元素会严重影响合金性质.造成晶界脆化,持久强度及塑性降低.为此,建立一系列测定高温合金组分,其中包括痕量元素的测定方法一直是分析化学工作者努力研究的目标.本文对1985年以来国内高温合金的分析方法的研究和进展情况作一回顾和评述.     

直读光谱测定高纯钨中杂质元素

高纯钨分析要求测定的元素多(铁、铝、硅、镁、钙、钠等20种).测定下限低(1～20μg·g~(-3)).国内多采用摄谱法测定,也有采用ICP-AES法测定,但测定的元素种类较少,达不到分析要求.本文用直读光谱仪测定高纯钨中20种杂质元素的含量,满足了分析要求.1 试验部分1.1 仪器与试剂E1000型光谱仪(英国Hilger公司),真空双光谱仪.罗兰回直径1.5m,逆线色散约0.3nm·mm~(-1).缓冲剂:50g·L~(-1)Li_2CO_3和0.3g·L~(-1)Ga_2O_3的石墨粉.1.2 试验方法     

锡锭的直读光谱分析

应用直读原子发射光谱法分析了锡锭中9种杂质元素,对各元素的分析线及测定的分析参数,包括试样制备的要求,校正曲线的拟合等进行了试验及优化。此方法的特点是试样制备较简单,且避免了污染。各元素的检出限在0.000 9~6 mg.kg-1之间。RSD值在1.76%~9.09%之间,应用此方法分析了两件标准样品中各8种杂质元素,所得结果与证书值相符。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定胡蜂酒中无机元素

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定胡蜂酒中20种无机元素,建立无机元素对照指纹图谱,对重金属元素进行风险评估.结果表明,胡蜂酒中无机元素种类丰富,其中P、K、Na元素占测定总元素的96.14％.有害元素Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu含量符合国家药典标准要求,Cu的靶标危险系数(T HQ)为1.00×10-2,T HQ...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测氧化镓中杂质元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定氧化镓中杂质元素的检测方法,采用微波消解技术溶样,以5 ng/mL Rh为内标补偿校正镓基体的抑制效应,采用碰撞室技术(CCT)消除多元素分子离子的干扰.方法的检出限为0.10～1.0 ng/mL,加标回收率在85%～110%之间,RSD为0.6%～7.1%.该方法能满足99.95%～99.995%氧化镓中杂质元素的分析要求.     

硼元素概念的发展史

通过对硼元素概念的发展史考证分析可知,硼元素概念的发展大致可划分为3个时期,即硼元素假说的形成、硼元素概念的形成与发展、现代硼元素概念的建立.18世纪,拉瓦锡预言了硼元素的存在.19世纪初,硼单质的制取成功标志着硼元素概念正式形成.20世纪,随着原子结构理论的建立和同位素的发现,人们对硼元素有了新的认识.硼元素概念的发...     

光电直读光谱法测定7075铝合金中多元素

采用光电直读光谱仪同时测定7075铝合金材料中Si、Fe、Cu、Mg、Cr、Mn、Zn、Ti、Zr等多元素的含量.经试验选择了各元素的最佳光谱线和工作条件.测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.04%～4.20%,样品回收率为97.2%～100.7%.方法的准确度和精密度符合GB/T 6987-2001的技术要求.     

193nm ArF准分子激光剥蚀系统高空间分辨率下元素分馏研究

研究了193 nm ArF准分子激光剥蚀系统高空间分辨率下的仪器检出限、ICP质量负载元素分馏、剥蚀深度/束斑直径元素分馏以及基体效应,并在10 μm束斑直径下分析了GSD-1G、StHs6/80-G和NIST612中的微量元素.结果表明,仪器检出限随束斑直径的减小而升高,当束斑直径降低至7 μm时,部分微量元素的仪器检出限为1～10 μg/g.ICP质量负载元素分馏指数与元素第一电离能呈正相关和元素氧化物熔点呈负相关.当剥蚀深度与束斑直径比小于1∶1时,由剥蚀深度/束斑直径引起的元素分馏效应可以忽略不计.基体效应研究表明,50 μm与10 μm激光束斑下基体效应没有明显的差别.以NIST610为校准物质,Ca为内标元素,10 μm束斑直径下GSD-1G、StHs6/80-G和NIST612中的36种微量元素分析结果与定值基本吻合,分析结果与定值基本匹配.综合考虑在10 μm的空间分辨率下,该技术可满足准确分析微量元素的要求.     

教材中略谈的高考重要元素:铬元素

铬元素的知识在化学课程标准和考试大纲中均无具体要求,在不同教材中只是略谈.然而,该部分知识却是高考中能力考查的良好载体.通过对近几年高考题分析,整理出铬元素知识要点,以利于中学师生提高复习效率.     

ICP-MS Determination of 23 Elements of Potential Health Concern in Liquids of e-Cigarettes. Method Development,Validation, and Application to 37 Real Samples

The lack of interest in the determination of toxic elements in liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-liquids) has so far been reflected in the scarce number of accurate and validated analytical methods devoted to this aim. Since the strong matrix effects observed for e-liquids constitute an exciting analytical challenge, the main goal of this study was to develop and validate an ICP-MS method aimed to quantify 23 elements in 37 e-liquids of different flavors. Great attention has been paid to the critical phases of sample pre-treatment, as well as to the optimization of the ICP-MS conditions for each element and of the quantification. All samples exhibited a very low amount of the elements under investigation. Indeed, the sum of their average concentration was of ca. 0.6 mg kg⁻¹. Toxic elements were always below a few tens of a μg per kg⁻¹ and, very often, their amount was below the relevant quantification limits. Tobacco and tonic flavors showed the highest and the lowest concentration of elements, respectively. The most abundant elements came frequently from propylene glycol and vegetal glycerin, as confirmed by PCA. A proper choice of these substances could further decrease the elemental concentration in e-liquids, which are probably barely involved as potential sources of toxic elements inhaled by vapers.     

微波等离子体原子发射光谱法(MP-AES)测定米粉中的常量、微量和痕量元素

采用4200型微波等离子体原子发射光谱法(MP-AES)分析米粉中的镉和其它常量、微量以及痕量元素。对标准样品(CRM)的测定值与标准值十分吻合,检出限(MDL)足以满足分析需求,并且具有出色的长期稳定性。实验中无需使用改性剂或离子抑制剂,从而简化了样品前处理过程。4200 MPAES具有出色的分析性能,可分析火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)无法分析的磷元素、能够进行多元素无人值守操作、拥有更高的安全性和易用性,是期望获得新技术的FAAS用户的理想选择     

An unusual systematic behaviour of detection limits for elements from 55Cs to 73Ta

A representative database for detection limits for all elements from ⁵⁵Cs to ⁷³Ta reveals that these limits are governed by a systematic zigzag pattern, according to which the odd atomic number elements have systematically lower detection limits than the even atomic number neighbour elements. This is true even when the actual detection limits vary by several orders of magnitude. We propose that such a systematic pattern be used as a requisite analytical criterion to evaluate the detection limit data, and any departure from this pattern be looked on with caution to check the analytical technique for any interference or matrix effect problems.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定香薷中无机元素含量的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）法对香薷中的Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Se等18种无机元素进行了分析测定。该方法的回收率在84．62％～113．16％,具有良好的准确度和精密度,完全可以满足香薷样品中无机元素测定要求。研究结果表明：香薷中Ca和Mg两种必须的常量元素的含量特别高,微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Se含量丰富。此结果可为探讨香薷中元素含量与其药效相关性提供科学依据。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法在非金属元素测定中的应用

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法越来越多地应用于各类分析检测中。与传统方法比较,ICP-OES法测定非金属元素具有一定的优势。综述了ICP-OES法测定非金属元素硫、磷、硼、硅、硒、砷、碲、碳和卤素的最新应用进展,提出了ICP-OES法测定非金属元素存在的问题及发展方向。     

Study on the relationship between intake of trace elements and breast cancer mortality with chemometric methods

Several chemometric methods were employed to survey the interaction among the trace elements and the relationship between the intake of these elements and the breast cancer mortality. It is indicated that there are strong interactions among the trace elements so as to form a dynamic balance; the intake of Cr is the most important factor that could cause the increase of breast cancer mortality; no definite relation can be observed between the intake of Cu and that of Zn. However, either the ratio of the intake of Cu and that of Zn or the intake of Cd could show a certain state of dynamic balance among some of the trace elements. Comparison of the analytical methods reveals that it is important to select a suitable method so as to obtain the most appropriate explanation.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不锈钢中8种合金元素

采用硝酸-盐酸-水(1+3+6)混合酸溶液溶解不锈钢样品,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定试样溶液中铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛等8种合金元素。选择钇元素作为内标元素,选择波长为357.869,231.604,327.396,257.610,178.284,251.611,202.030,337.280 nm8条谱线依次作为铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛的分析线。方法用于分析了12种标准物质,测定值同证书值一致,各元素的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5.5%。     

New analytical expressions,symmetry relations and numerical solutions for the rotational overlap integrals

In this article, extremely simple analytical formulas are obtained for rotational overlap integrals which occur in integrals over two reduced rotation matrix elements. The analytical derivations are based on the properties of the Jacobi polynomials and beta functions. Numerical results and special values for rotational overlap integrals are obtained by using symmetry properties and recurrence relationships for reduced rotation matrix elements. The final results are of surprisingly simple structures and very useful for practical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

Quality assurance for the analytical data of micro elements in food

The micro element content of food is an important quality index due to the action of these elements on human health. In this article, we discuss how to ensure the reliability of analytical data on micro elements in order to truly represent the condition of food. Sampling, treatment of the analytical sample, selection of the analytical method, standard solution, and certified reference material, blank test, calibration of the instrument and equipment, application of the quality control chart, assessment of the final analytical result, and quality assurance system are briefly described. Received: 5 July 2001 Accepted: 19 November 2001     

Is odd-even effect reflected in detection limits?

It is observed for the first time from an extensive compilation that the detection limit ratios for odd/even atomic number neighbour elements are generally less than 1 for nearly all-stable elements of the periodic table (most are even less than 0.5), which is very similar to the odd-even effect in cosmic abundances. This systematic behaviour of detection limits can be explained by a simple relationship with physicochemical and environmental-geological factors. We propose that such a behaviour should be used in future as a fundamental criterion to evaluate the highly variable detection limit data for all chemical elements by a given analytical technique and the estimation of detection limits should be based on at least 30 or more measurements.