5-(4-羟基苯基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮酯类化合物的合成及其生物活性

在模拟AdSS酶天然抑制剂结构合成5-(4-羟基苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮酯系列化合物的基础上,为优化其结构,以5-(4-羟基苯基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮为中间体,合成了28个未见文献报道的5-(4-羟基苯基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮羧酸酯类化合物,它们的结构均经IR,1HNMR和元素分析表征.初步生物活性测试表明目标化合物5-(4-羟基苯基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮对叔丁基苯甲酸酯(2i)和2-噻吩酸酯(3b)在浓度200μg/mL时对拟南芥生长抑制率达70%..     

新型2-烯丙氧基-4-辛氧基苯甲酸对丙基联苯酯的合成及其液晶性能

分别以2,4-二羟基苯甲酸和对苯基苯酚为原料,设计并合成了两种新型液晶中间体2-烯丙氧基-4-辛氧基苯甲酸(5)和4-(4-丙基苯基)苯酚(10);5和10在4-吡咯基吡啶催化下经脱水酯化合成了一个新型的液晶化合物——2-烯丙氧基-4-辛氧基苯甲酸对丙基联苯酯(11),收率81.2％,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和元素分析表征.用碘量法测定了11的烯键含量,并用DSC和POM研究了11的液晶性能.结果表明,11为单向向列型液晶化合物,液晶区间55.8℃～12.1℃.     

2,4-二氨基喹唑啉和2,4-二氨基吡啶并[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物的合成

以6-氯-5-氰基烟酸、3-氰基-4-氟苯甲酸、4-氰基-3-氟苯甲酸和6-氯-5氰基-2-吡啶甲酸为原料,经过酰胺化和关环两步反应合成了2,4-二氨基喹唑啉和2,4-二氨基吡啶并[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物,该方法操作简便,除6-氯-5-氰基-2-吡啶甲酸外,其它三种酸的反应收率可达65%以上.采用氢核磁(1H NMR)、碳核磁(13C NMR)和高效液质联用(LC-MS)分析对目标产物进行了表征.采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法考察所合成化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性测性,结果表明部分化合物对所选肿瘤细胞的增殖有一定的抑制活性,化合物4c,4d,4e和4f对人白血病细胞(K562)和人肝癌细胞(HepG2)的抑制活性强于阳性对照药5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu).     

2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)的合成

以CuSO4.5H2O为原料,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸为沉淀剂,采用沉淀法直接合成了平台燃烧催化剂2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)的超细粉末,其结构经IR,TG-DTG和元素分析表征。     

g-取代的b-二酮酯及其吡唑、异噁唑衍生物的合成与液晶性能研究

合成并表征了g-取代的b-二酮酯[ 4-(4-正辛烷基丙烯酸酯基)苯甲酸2,4-二氧代-3-戊基酯1] 及其吡唑衍生物2 和异噁唑衍生物3。通过DSC和偏光显微镜对它们的液晶性进行了研究。结果表明b-二酮酯 1 为单变向列相N液晶，而吡唑化合物2和异噁唑化合物3分别为互变近晶A相向列相N液晶。本文还讨论了结构与液晶性能之间的关系。     

模板分子中作用基团的数目及位置对印迹聚合物印迹效应的影响

为了研究模板分子中作用基团的数目和位置对印迹聚合物印迹效应的影响, 分别以含有羟基数目和位置不同的羟基苯甲酸化合物3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸(3,4,5-THBA), 3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(3,4-DHBA), 2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(2,4-DHBA)和3-羟基苯甲酸(3-HBA)为模板分子, 以丙烯酰胺为功能单体, 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂和乙腈(MeCN)为致孔剂, 采用非共价本体聚合方法制备了对应的印迹聚合物, 用色谱法评价了其分子识别性能. 结果表明, 制备的印迹聚合物对相应的模板分子均具有印迹效应, 在流动相H₂O/MeCN(体积比1/99)中, 各印迹聚合物对相应的模板分子3,4,5-THBA, 3,4-DHBA, 2,4-DHBA和3-HBA的印迹因子分别为5.51, 5.55, 2.60和2.03. 通过与同样条件下制备的龙胆酸(GA)、水杨酸(SA)和对-羟基苯甲酸(4-HBA)印迹聚合物对其模板分子印迹效应的比较发现, 模板分子中作用基团数目越多, 印迹效率越高; 模板分子中作用基团-COOH和-OH的相对位置对印迹效率影响很大, 当-COOH和-OH在苯环上处于对位时的印迹效率, 高于其处于间位的印迹效率; 当-COOH和-OH在苯环上处于邻位时, 由于形成分子内氢键会降低其印迹效率. 实验还发现, 3,4-DHBA的印迹聚合物可以实现其结构类似物3,4,5-THBA和2,4-DHBA的基线分离, 为生物活性组分3,4,5-THBA的分离和测定提供了依据.     

高效液相色谱法测定餐纸中2,4-二硝基苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯残留量

建立了高效液相色谱测定餐纸中2,4-二硝基苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的方法。采用含1%乙酸的乙腈-水混合溶液作为萃取溶剂,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量测定。标准工作曲线相关系数均大于0.9990。2,4-二硝基苯酚的检出限和定量限分别为1.27和4.23 mg/kg,加标回收率范围在86.4%~95.1%;对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的检出限和定量限分别为0.65和2.17 mg/kg,加标回收率在89.6%~95.6%之间。方法可实现餐纸中2,4-二硝基苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的准确测定。     

2,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰氯的合成

2,4-二羟基苯甲酸与硫酸二甲酯经甲基化反应得到2,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸(3);3与SOCl2发生氯化反应合成了2,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰氯(4)。较佳的氯化反应条件为:325mmol,苯70mL,AlCl3250mg,回流反应1.5h,重结晶溶剂为石油醚(90℃～120℃),总产率达74.1%。2～4的结构经1HNMR和FT-IR表征。     

2-[2,4-二羟基苯甲酰]苯甲酸金属盐的合成、表征及其光稳定能力研究

本工作合成了多种含不同过渡金属离子的络合物——2-[2,4-二羟基苯甲酰]苯甲酸钴、镍、锰金属盐.对它们进行了详细表征和光稳定能力进行了实际评价,结果表明这类化合物有很好的光稳定能力,并指出含锰离子的络合物具有最佳光稳定能力是由于锰离子对原有的分子内氢键结构破坏最小所致.     

3-[N-(4-甲基苯基)氨基羰基]-5-[4-(4-甲酸基苯甲氧基)苯亚甲基]-2,4-噻唑烷二酮的合成

以对甲苯胺和对甲基苯甲酸甲酯为起始原料,经NBS溴化、亲核取代、酸水解和Knoevenagel缩合等6步反应合成了抗细菌生物膜化合物—3-[N-(4-甲基苯基)氨基羰基]-5-[4-(4-甲酸基苯甲氧基)苯亚甲基]-2,4-噻唑烷二酮,总收率57.3％,其结构经1H NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析确证.     

固相萃取-衍生化-气相色谱法测定血液中的3种苯氧羧酸类除草剂

建立了一种血液中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、2-(2,4-二氯苯氧)-丙酸(2,4-DP)和4-氯-2-甲基-苯氧乙酸(MCPA)3种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的分析方法.血样用0.1 mol/L盐酸稀释后用GDX401大孔树脂吸附、用乙醚洗脱,萃取物用二氯丙醇在硫酸催化下进行酯化衍生,衍生物经气相色谱-电子捕获检测.2,4-D、2,4-DP和MCPA的检测限分别为20,8和40 ng/mL.定量分析用2,4-二氯苯乙酸作内标,线性关系和回收率结果均令人满意.     

The characterization of prepared organomontmorillonite (DEDMAM) and sorption of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides from aqueous solution

The montmorillonite has been subjected to modification through ion-exchange reaction by N,N'-didodecyl-N,N'-tetramethylethanediammoniumdiiodide (DEDMAI). The modified sample was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The basal spacing of modified montmorillonite was determined as 28.72 A. The IR spectra of organomontmorillonite showed changes in C-H vibrations. The characterization of N,N'-didodecyl-N,N'-tetramethylethanediammonium montmorillonite (DEDMAM) and the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) on organomontmorillonite was studied as a function of the solution concentration. The adsorption energy (E) and adsorption capacity (qm) for phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides adsorbing on organomontmorillonite (DEDMAM) were estimated using the Dubinin-Radushkevic (D-R) equation. These isotherms were modeled according to Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevic adsorption isotherms. The sorption of the herbicides on DEDMAM increased in order of MCPA<2,4-D<2,4-DB<2,4,5-T.     

A Method for Determination of Low Levels of Exposure to 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T

A method has been developed for the determination of trace quantities of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) in human and rat urine. The method involves acid hydrolysis of the phenolic conjugates, extraction of the free phenols and acids, ethylation with diazoethane, silica-gel column chromatography clean-up of the derivatized urine extract, and gas chromatographic determination using the electron-capture detector. The average recoveries of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-DCP, and 2,4,5-TCP from rat urine spiked with known amounts of the herbicides and their phenols were 94%, 98%, 92%, and 90%, respectively. The limits of detection for 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, DCP, and TCP in rat urine were: 0.05, 0.01, 0.10, and 0.01 ppm, respectively. The method was used to analyze urine of rats given various levels of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T by gavage. Results showed that levels of exposure of 3.75 mcg/kg for 2,4-D and 5.0 mcg/kg for 2,4,5-T in rats can be detected in urine within 24 hr from exposure. Urine samples from occupationally exposed people were analyzed and found to contain 0.2 to 1.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.05 to 3.6 ppm 2,4,5-T.     

Isomerization of aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and validation of high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis

The most widely used method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbonyl compounds is the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method through the formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives. However, this method may cause an analytical error because 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones have both E- and Z-stereoisomers. Purified aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone demonstrated only the E-isomer. However under UV irradiation and the addition of acid, both E- and Z-isomers were seen. The spectral patterns of Z-isomers were different from those of E-isomers and the absorption maximum wavelengths were shifted towards shorter wavelengths by 5-8 nm. An equilibrium Z/E isomer ratio was observed in 0.02-0.2% (v/v) phosphoric acid solutions. In the case of acetaldehyde- and propanal-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, the equilibrium Z/E isomer ratios were 0.32 and 0.14, respectively. However, when irradiated with ultraviolet light at 364 nm, the isomer ratios were increased beyond this constant ratio and reached 0.55 and 0.33, respectively. Zero-order rates for decreases of aldehyde derivatives were observed under UV irradiation (364 nm), however the decreases of concentration were not observed in phosphoric acid solutions. The best method for the determination of aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by HPLC is to add phosphoric acid to both the sample and the standard solution, to form a 0.02-1% acid solution.     

Determination of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides and their esters in soil by capillary high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, using large volume injection and temperature gradient

A simple method for the simultaneous determination of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides and their esters in soil is presented. Compounds studied are: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid (2,4-DB), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-1-butyl ester (2,4-D-1-butyl ester), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-1-methyl ester (2,4-D-1-methyl ester).

The chromatographic analysis was carried out by HPLC, after ultrasonic extraction, on a C₁₈ packed capillary column with temperature gradient, large injection volumes and UV detection at 232 nm. Samples were spiked with amounts between 2.5 and 6.0 μg g⁻¹ of each herbicide; recoveries obtained were between 72 and 97% (n=3 for each spiked level) and detection limits were between 0.3 and 0.5 μg g⁻¹.

Application of this procedure to the analysis of herbicides in ester and acid forms showed the effectiveness of the methodology proposed.     

Electrochemically Deposited Polymer‐Coated Gold Electrodes Selective for 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Electropolymerized membranes on gold electrodes doped with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) were prepared from a solution containing resorcinol, o‐phenylenediamine and 2,4‐D. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the incorporation and interaction of 2,4‐D with the polymer matrix prior to and after the sensing experiments. The FTIR data indicate that 2,4‐D does not leach appreciably from the polymer matrix under experimental conditions employed for the sensing studies. The electrochemical current response for 2,4‐D is compared for the doped polymer‐coated and control polymer‐coated electrode. The response of the doped polymer‐electrode was dependent on increasing concentrations of 2,4‐D and 2,4‐dichlorophenol while unresponsive to benzoic acid.     

整体柱在线固相微萃取-高效液相色谱同步富集检测水中的苯氧羧酸类除草剂

采用C18毛细管整体柱作为固相微萃取整体柱,构建在线固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用系统,同步富集检测环境水样中的5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂。详细考察了联用系统运行条件对富集检测的影响。联用系统运行最佳参数为:固相微萃取整体柱长度20 cm,进样流速0.04 mL/min,进样13 min,洗脱流速0.02 mL/min,洗脱5 min。在最佳条件下,5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的检出限为:9 μg/L (苯氧丙酸)、4 μg/L (2-(2-氯)-苯氧丙酸)、4 μg/L (2-(3-氯)-苯氧丙酸)、5 μg/L (2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸)、5 μg/L (2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丙酸)。与HPLC系统直接进样对比,联用系统对5种检测对象表现出优良的富集能力。5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的回收率在79.0%~98.0%之间(RSD≤3.9%)。该方法成功应用于水样中5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的检测,结果令人满意。     

尿中3种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的气相色谱分析法

本文研究了2,4-滴、2,4-滴丙酸和2甲4氯3种苯氧羧酸类除草剂用硫酸、三氯化硼、氯化氢和三氟乙酸等4种催化剂的甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、苯甲醇、三氟乙醇、五氟丙醇、二氯丙醇和五氟苯甲醇等10种醇的酯化衍生反应条件,在此基础上建立了尿中3种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的各种衍生化气相色谱电子俘获检测方法,其中较灵敏的方法2,4-滴和2,4-滴丙酸的检出限低于10 ng/mL,2甲4氯的检出限低于20ng/mL,适于职业接触者和中毒者的尿分析。     

苯氧羧酸类农药在高岭石表面吸附的理论研究

构建了高岭石铝氧八面体层表面模型Al₁₃O₄₈H₅₇和硅氧四面体层表面模型Si₁₃O₃₇H₂₂,采用B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法, 对其与2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、 2,4-二氯苯氧丙酸(2,4-DP)、 2,4-二氯苯氧丁酸(2,4-DB)、 2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸(MCPA)、 2-甲基-4-氯苯氧丙酸(MCPP)和2-甲基-4-氯苯氧丁酸(MCPB)等苯氧羧酸类农药分子间的相互作用及吸附性质进行了研究, 包括优化的几何构型、 结构参数、 吸附能及自然键轨道(NBO)电荷. 八面体层表面的中心原子(OH2, OH3及OH11)与四面体层表面的中心原子(O2, O3及O11)并未表现出明显的吸附活性. 相较于侧链为乙酸基的分子, 含有丙酸基或丁酸基的分子因带有更多的吸附位点而具有较强的吸附性. 研究发现MCPP的吸附性高于MCPA. 结合2,4-D的吸附性高于MCPA的结论, 可以推断2,4-D与MCPA更倾向于吸附在高岭石的硅氧层表面. 因此在农药施用的过程中, 应充分考虑各分子的活性及其与高岭石表面的作用强弱, 确保淋洗对去除农药在土壤中残留的可行性.     

Chemoselective reduction of 3-arylmethylidenetetrahydrofuran-2,4-diones with triethylsilane and sodium cyanotrihydridoborate in acid media

3-Arylmethylidenetetrahydrofuran-2,4-diones were smoothly reduced to the corresponding 3-benzyl derivatives in 50–98% yield with triethylsilane in trifluoroacetic acid or with sodium cyanotrihydridoborate in the system tetrahydrofuran-2 N hydrochloric acid. The reduction of 3-(3-arylprop-2-en-1-ylidene)-tetrahydrofuran-2,4-diones with sodium cyanotrihydridoborate gave 3-cinnamyltetrahydrofuran-2,4-diones as the only products.