电解水演示实验的创新设计

设计了一个全新的电解水演示实验,将太阳能电池、电解水制氢、氢氧燃料电池一体化构成一个整体的演示实验,可以帮助学生系统了解与氢相关联的储能用能技术和基于氢的洁净能源的开发和应用,激发学生利用化学知识服务于国家绿色发展理念的使命担当。     

利用琼脂创新中学化学实验几例

琼脂具有独特性质。介绍了利用琼脂创新几例中学化学实验的具体做法,包括演示胶体性质、演示离子的迁移、电解水实验、演示金属的吸氧腐蚀等。     

原电池原理微型实验的研究

以教材中有关原电池原理的2个实验为基础,进行微型化改进——克服演示实验过程中观赏性差、浪费大,且有污染等不足。利于提高学生的参与率,变教师演示实验为学生边学习边实验的自主探究性实验,构建一个较佳的原电池原理微型实验模型。     

电解水中电极材料与电解条件的选择

义务教育初中化学电解水的实验（实验3～1）是为了给学生学习水的组成提供感性认识。因此,做好该演示实验,特别是使实验结果接近H2和Q2的体积比为2：1的理论值,成为讲好这节课的关键。本文从分析实验结果产生误差的原因及减少误差所采取的措施出发,通过自制的电解水装置,选择容易找到的电极材料及与之相匹配的电解质及溶液浓度、电压等条件的对比实验结果说明使实验结果更接近理论值的条件,为做好本实验提供参考。一、电解水时氢氧体积比产生误差的原因电解水的化学原理是：阴极：2H+＋22—HZ十阳极：4OH－－4e、ZH。O＋OZt“”…     

关于化学发光演示实验的探讨

比较了鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系在Cr（Ⅲ）、Co（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）、铁氰化钾催化下的化学发光演示实验。结果表明以Co（Ⅱ）为催化剂,简便易行、费时少、现象明显、颜色对比强烈、教学效果明显。对实验原理进行了讨论。通过该演示实验能加深学生对仪器分析课程中的分子发光分析部分的理解。     

氨催化氧化演示实验的探究

分析了中学化学教材中氨催化氧化演示实验成败的关键因素,根据化学原理对反应用的药品、用量及实验装置进行了适合课堂教学实验效果的探究,避免了以往实验装置和操作的复杂及实验现象出现的不确定性,可以在短时间内轻松操作就获得明显、准确的实验现象。     

初中新课程微型化学实验的设计研究

根据初中化学新课程实验内容进行微型化学实验设计,其中包括空气中氧气含量的测定、氧气的制取与性质、电解水实验、氢气的制取与性质、二氧化碳的制取与性质、一氧化碳的制取与性质等实验。     

理论指导实践化学实验教学模式的建构及实践

教材中演示实验或探究实验是针对某一个实验原理引导学生学习化学知识与实验操作技能、验证化学原理、训练科学思维.理论指导实践的化学实验教学模式旨在引导学生用学习过的化学知识和化学实验技能对未知领域进行综合性探索,学习新知,培养创新能力.     

提管式水电解器制作和使用

本仪器可供初中化学课堂演示电解水实验。操作简便快捷,现象鲜明准确。用废料自制,价格便宜。     

火柴头爆炸实验的改进

对现行沪教版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书·化学》中火柴头爆炸实验进行了改进。改进后的实验操作简单,现象明显,趣味性强,安全实用,还可用于解释教科书上的爆炸原理,也能用于演示九年级物理教科书上的“内能转化为机械能”的实验。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.