在线衍生-高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中的色氨酸及其代谢物

建立了醋酸锌在线衍生高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中色氨酸(Trp)、犬尿氨酸(Kyn)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-Hiaa)和犬尿喹啉酸(Kyna)的方法。以3-硝基酪氨酸为内标(IS),采用Hypersil C-18柱(250 mm×4.0 mm, 5 μ m),以250 mmol/L醋酸锌溶液(pH 5.5)-乙腈(95:5, v/v)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温30℃。荧光检测波长设定:5-Hiaa为278 nm(λ_ex)/343 nm(λ_em), Kyna为244 nm(λ_ex)/400 nm(λ_em);紫外检测波长设定:Kyn和IS为360 nm, Trp为302 nm。4种物质的回收率在91.62%~114.17%之间;线性范围分别为2.50~320.00 μ mol/L(Trp), 0.32~15.36 μ mol/L(Kyn), 3.27~104.60 nmol/L(5-Hiaa), 14.00~464.80 nmol/L(Kyna);检出限分别为0.078 μ mol/L(Trp), 0.056 μ mol/L(Kyn), 0.690 nmol/L(5-Hiaa), 1.290 nmol/L(Kyna)。利用该方法对30例正常孕妇和28例女性健康志愿者的血浆进行测定,结果表明两组间Trp, Kyn和Kyna含量有显著性差异。该方法操作简便,重复性好,灵敏度高,适合于临床检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定血清中的犬尿氨酸和色氨酸

建立了一种能同时检测血清中的犬尿氨酸(kynurenine,Kyn)和色氨酸(tryptophan,Trp)的高效液相色谱-紫外检测法。采用的色谱柱为Symmetry Shield RP-C18柱(150 mm×3.9 mm i.d.,5 μm),流动相为15 mmol/L乙酸钠-乙酸溶液(含2.7%乙腈,pH 3.6),流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为225 nm。血清标本经5.0%(体积分数)高氯酸溶液去除蛋白质后取上清液直接进样分析测定。研究结果表明,Kyn保留时间为3.5 min,线性范围为0.098~49 μmol/L,最低检出浓度为0.02 μmol/L,回收率为90.82%~93.45%;Trp保留时间为8.1 min,线性范围为4.9~490 μmol/L,最低检出浓度为0.20 μmol/L,回收率为95.51%~98.67%。Kyn和Trp日内、日间测定的相对标准偏差均小于4%,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、5-羟色胺和犬尿喹啉酸等物质对该法均无干扰。该方法简便、快速、稳定、可行,可应用于临床和科研工作。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定血清中的犬尿氨酸和犬尿喹啉酸

建立了在线衍生、双波长高效液相色谱-荧光检测器同时检测血清中犬尿氨酸(kynurenine, Kyn)和犬尿喹啉酸(kynurenic acid, KYNA)含量的方法。血清标本经5%高氯酸溶液去除蛋白质后,上清液直接进样分析测定。采用的色谱柱为Hypersil C8柱;流动相为0.25 mol/L醋酸锌-50 mmol/L醋酸溶液(含3%乙腈),流速为1.5 mL/min。在0～10 min时间段,在激发波长和发射波长分别为365 nm和480 nm时检测Kyn;10 min后,在激发波长和发射波长分别变换为344 nm和404 nm时检测KYNA。Kyn的保留时间约为8.1 min,线性范围为98～19600 nmol/L,最低检出浓度为50 nmol/L,平均回收率为94.88%,日内、日间测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)均低于4%。KYNA的保留时间约为13.0 min,线性范围为2.62～1047 nmol/L,最低检出浓度为0.11 nmol/L,平均回收率为102.72%,日内、日间测定的RSD均低于4%。苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸和5-羟色胺等物质对目标物的检测无干扰。71例健康成人血清中,Kyn和KYNA含量分别为(1.40±0.34) μmol/L和(24.22±8.67) nmol/L。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、特异,适于临床和科研应用。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血清中的犬尿氨酸

建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)测定血清中犬尿氨酸(kynurenine,Kyn)含量的方法。采用Hypersil C8色谱柱(300 mm×6.0 mm,10 μm), 流动相为0.25 mol/L醋酸锌及50 mmol/L醋酸溶液(含3%乙腈),流速为1.5 mL/min, 荧光检测激发波长和发射波长分别为365 nm和480 nm。血清标本经5%(v/v)高氯酸溶液去除蛋白质后取上层清液直接进样, Kyn经流动相等度洗脱分离后,用FLD进行测定。研究结果表明Kyn保留时间约为8.3 min,线性范围为0.098～19.6 μmol/L,最低检出浓度为0.04 μmol/L,回收率为90.8%～96.2%,日内、日间测定的相对标准偏差均小于5%,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、5-羟色胺和犬尿喹啉酸等物质对犬尿氨酸的测定均无干扰。建立的方法简便、快速、灵敏、特异,适用于临床和科研应用。     

亲水作用色谱法测定组织中全基因组DNA甲基化水平

建立了亲水作用色谱(HILIC)测定组织中全基因组DNA甲基化水平的方法。采用苯酚-氯仿提取组织中的DNA,提取的DNA用88%甲酸在140 ℃下裂解,经N2吹干后,加乙腈-水(9:1, v/v)溶解,用Waters BEH HILIC柱进行分离,在277 nm波长下检测胞嘧啶(Cyt)及5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-mCyt)含量。结果表明,以乙腈-10 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液(94:6, v/v)为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min, Cyt与5-mCyt分离较好,保留时间分别为2.6与3.1 min。胞嘧啶的线性范围为1～900 μmol/L,相关系数为0.9999; 5-甲基胞嘧啶的线性范围为1～64 μmol/L,相关系数为0.9998。胞嘧啶和5-甲基胞嘧啶的检出限为54 nmol/L(柱中为0.54 pmol),定量限为250 nmol/L(柱中为2.5 pmol);在5～900 μmol/L的添加水平下,胞嘧啶和5-甲基胞嘧啶的平均加标回收率为94.7%～100.5%,相对标准偏差小于1.48%。用该方法检测了结肠癌组织中DNA甲基化水平,结果显示该癌组织中全基因组的DNA甲基化均值为4.0%。该方法快速、简单,稳定性好,灵敏度较高,能满足全基因组DNA甲基化的检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析尿液中色氨酸及其代谢产物

基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立定量分析色氨酸(Trp)及代谢产物3-OH-犬尿氨酸(3-OH-Kyn)、3-OH-邻氨基苯甲酸(3-OH-AA)、黄尿酸(XA)、犬尿氨酸(Kyn)、5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、犬尿喹啉酸(KA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的方法,应用该方法分析其在尿样中的含量,探讨排泄规律。将尿样稀释、离心后,加入丹磺酰氯(DNS-Cl)衍生,经Thermo C₁₈色谱柱(50 mm×3 mm, 2.7 μm)分离和0.1%甲酸和甲醇梯度洗脱后,采用电喷雾电离(ESI)源,在正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测。以咖啡酸(CA)为内标,定量分析。结果显示,8种目标化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数(R ²)≥0.9740,检测灵敏(LOD为0.005~0.5 ng/mL),回收率高(93.24%~107.65%)。采用本方法检测分析了健康志愿者70个尿液样本,在尿样中检测到Trp原型及其7种代谢产物。结果表明,体内的Trp是通过原型和代谢两种方式排泄:Trp原型的含量为5.22~20.88 μg/mL;尿液中经代谢后排泄的Trp量是原型的124%~268%,即体内的Trp主要经代谢后排出体外。方法主要研究了Trp-5-HT和Trp-Kyn两条途径的代谢产物含量,Trp经Kyn降解生成的3-OH-AA和3-OH-Kyn含量较多,即Trp-Kyn是体内Trp的主要代谢途径。方法通过UPLC-MS/MS实现了尿液中Trp及其代谢产物含量的检测,能为临床检查提供技术和理论支持。     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆和全血中核黄素的含量

为了直接反映核黄素营养状况对血中核黄素水平的影响,建立了高效液相色谱测定大鼠血浆及全血中核黄素含量的方法。采用Diamonsil C 18 色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm)分离,以甲醇-5 mmol/L 乙酸铵(体积比为35∶65)为流动相,流速1.2 mL/min ,荧光检测器检测(激发波长:450 nm,发射波长:520 nm)。样品经乙腈、三氯甲烷处理后进样分析。核黄素测定的线性范围为5～200 nmol/L ,最低检测限为2.5 nmol/L (S/N＝2),日     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠给药盐酸氟西汀后脑渗析液中的5-羟色胺

建立了高效液相色谱柱前衍生化法测定大鼠腹腔注射(i.p.)给药盐酸氟西汀前后脑渗析液中5-羟色胺(5-HT)的浓度变化情况。在大鼠给药盐酸氟西汀前和给药后不同时间点取其脑渗析液,加入衍生化试剂反应后,以乙腈-20 mmol/L醋酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.0)(体积比为45∶55)（含20 mmol/L辛烷磺酸钠）作为流动相,在Hypersil C18色谱柱 (250 mm×2.0 mm,5 μm)上进行分离,荧光检测波长为λex=330 nm,λem=455 nm。5-HT在浓度为0.25～5.0 nmol/L 范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9991);5-HT的最低定量限为0.25 nmol/L。本法准确可靠、简便,适用于生物样品中5-HT的浓度测定。     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测大鼠血浆、肾上腺及下丘脑中神经递质含量

建立了一种液相色谱-质谱联用技术同时检测γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、酪氨酸(L-tyr)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和肾上腺素(E)6种神经递质的方法,并将本方法用于大鼠肾上腺、下丘脑及血浆中神经递质的检测。以丹磺酰氯为衍生化试剂,以5-羟基色氨酸和咖啡酸为内标,采用Ulti Mate 3000 RSLC色谱系统、Thermo C_(18)色谱柱(50 mm×3 mm,2.7μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸和甲醇溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min,进样量2 μL,多反应检测(MRM),正离子模式。GABA、5-HT、L-Tyr、DA、NE、E线性检测范围分别为0.26~620.80 μmol/L、0.034~11.20 μmol/L、1.20~88.00 μmol/L、0.03~41.02 μmol/L、0.01~47.20 μmol/L、0.01~90.24 μmol/L,加标回收率为91.16%~116.20%。本方法可快速准确检测大鼠肾上腺、血浆及下丘脑中神经递质含量,为药理实验的中的指标分析提供了检测技术支持。     

高效液相色谱法测定大气颗粒物中的杂环胺

建立了大气颗粒物中杂环胺的高效液相色谱检测方法.采用ODS C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),乙腈-0.01 mol/L三乙胺缓冲溶液(pH 4.0 )为流动相,非线性梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,紫外检测波长263 nm,并优化荧光激发和发射波长条件,实现了6种杂环胺的基线分离和4种杂环胺的高灵敏度荧光检测.本方法中荧光和紫外检测器的检出限分别为0.0018～0.0084 mg/L和0.093～0.609 mg/L(S/N=3),相关系数在0.9920～0.9999之间,RSD小于5.9%,平均回收率为75.3%～111.6%,回收率相对标准偏差为1.7%～2.3%,具有较高的精确度和准确度.     

Separation and determination of L-tryptophan and its metabolites by capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography with amperometric detection

A high-performance method of capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CMEKC) with amperometric detection (AD), using a newly designed pre-aligned electrochemical cell, has been developed for the separation and determination of L-tryptophan (Trp) and its eight metabolites including 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (3-HK), 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), L-kynurenine (KN), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), xanthurenic acid (XA), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and tryptamine (Tryp). A carbon disk electrode was used as the working electrode and the optimal detection potential was 0.85 V (versus Ag/AgCl). At 24 kV of applied voltage, the nine compounds were completely separated, within 23 min, in a 10 mol/L Na(2)HPO(4)-NaOH buffer (pH 11.0) containing 40 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 3% methanol (v/v). A good linear relationship was obtained for all analytes in this paper and the detection limits of 3-HK, 5-HTP, KN, Trp, 5-HIAA, XA, IPA, 5-HT, and Tryp were 7.42, 5.18, 34.6, 3.99, 15.1, 12.7, 260, 6.72, and 8.01 nmol/L, respectively. This method has been applied to analyze the metabolism of Trp in rabbit urine.     

Quantitative HPLC method and pharmacokinetic studies of ergosta‐4,6,8(14),22‐tetraen‐3‐one,a natural product with diuretic activity from Polyporus umbellatus

A simple and specific HPLC method with dual wavelength UV detection for the determination of ergosta‐4,6,8(14),22‐tetraen‐3‐one (ergone) in rat plasma was developed and proved to be efficient. The method used ergosterol as internal standard (IS). Following a single‐step protein precipitation, the analyte and IS were separated on an Inertsil ODS‐3 column with a mobile phase containing methanol–water (99:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The analytes were detected by using UV detection at wavelength of 350 (ergone) and 283 (IS) nm, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1–2.0 µg/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 0.1 µg/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision studies showed good reproducibility with RSD less than 8.5%. The intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy ranged from 95.6 to 104%. Mean extraction recovery was above 95% at the low, medium and high concentrations. The present HPLC‐UV method was simple and reliable. The method described herein had been successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic studies in male SD rats after administration of 20 mg/kg dose of solution of ergone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of iguratimod in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography: method and application

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection has been developed for the determination of iguratimod (T-614) in rat plasma. Plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile after the addition of the internal standard (IS), N-[4-(2-formylaminoacetyl)-5-methoxy-2-phenoxyphenyl]-methanesulfonamide. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C(18) column with the mobile phase acetonitrile-acetic acid aqueous solution, pH 4.5 (40:60, v/v), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and the UV detection wavelength was set at 257 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range 0.10-50.0 microg/mL, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.10 microg/mL. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were all less than 11.5%. The method has been successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of iguratimod in rats. A single 10 mg/kg dose of iguratimod was given to the rats by intragastric administration. The mean maximum plasma concentration of iguratimod for the six rats was 14.5 microg/mL, and the mean elimination half-life of iguratimod was 4.0 h.     

Analysis of carbamazepine and its active metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography

A sensitive method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for the determination of carbamazepine (CBZ) and one of its active metabolites, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) in human plasma. CBZ, CBZ-E and the internal standard (IS) 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine were extracted from human plasma into methyl tert-butyl ether. CBZ, CBZ-E and the IS were successfully separated on an RP C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:methanol:water (18:19:63, v/v/v) and monitored via UV detection at 210 nm. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.01–10 μg/mL for CBZ and 0.005–5 μg/mL for CBZ-E in human plasma, respectively. The method displayed excellent sensitivity, precision and accuracy, and was successfully applied to the quantification of CBZ and CBZ-E in human plasma after oral administration of a single 200 mg CBZ CR tablet. This method is suitable for bioequivalence studies following single doses given to healthy volunteers.     

Simultaneous determination of tryptophan,kynurenine, kynurenic acid,xanthurenic acid and 5‐hydroxytryptamine in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS and its application to acute myocardial infarction monitoring

Reliable methods for the determination of tryptophan and its metabolites are vital to the monitoring of biochemical states during the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, a single‐run liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites, including kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), xanthurenic acid (XA) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), in human plasma. The plasma samples were prepared using a protein precipitation approach, and the chromatographic separation was performed by gradient elution on a C₁₈ column within a total analysis time of 3.5 min. The calibration ranges were 40–20,000 ng/mL for Trp, 4–2000 ng/mL for Kyn, 0.2–100 ng/mL for KA, 0.4–200 ng/mL for XA and 1–500 ng/mL for 5‐HT, and the precision and accuracy were acceptable. The evaluation of recovery and internal standard‐normalized matrix effect proved that the sample preparation approach was effective and the matrix effect could be negligible. The newly developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of plasma samples from healthy individuals and myocardial infarction patients. The findings suggested that the plasma concentrations of Trp, Kyn, 5‐HT as well as the concentration ratios of Kyn/Trp and Trp/5‐HT might serve as biomarkers for the monitoring of acute myocardial infarction.