聚乙烯表面接枝聚合改性及抗凝血性的研究

聚乙烯(PE)膜经Ar等离子体预处理，无光引发剂紫外光照接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)，然后进行肝素化处理，以改善PE的抗凝血性能。用正交实验确定接枝反应的最优条件。通过X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测定PE膜接枝GMA前后表面性能和表面形貌。用复钙时间、凝血酶原时间、部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间和血小板粘附实验对其抗凝血性能进行评价，结果表明，被修饰PE膜的抗凝血性能显著提高。     

热处理时间对锂电池正极材料Cr8O21的影响

本文以CrO₃为原料,采用高温固相法制备锂电池用正极材料Cr₈O₂₁,系统研究了热处理时间对Cr₈O₂₁结构、电化学性能的影响。采用TGA、XRD、SEM、EDS、ICP、EIS和恒流放电技术对制备的铬氧化物的物相及电化学性能进行研究。结果表明,延长热处理时间有利于提升材料的电化学性能。且不同的热处理时间对材料的电化学性能有重要影响。热处理时间为48 h得到的材料性能优异,在恒放电电流0.05 mA下,材料克比容量达到383.26 mAh·g^-1,克比能量达到1153.83 mWh·g^-1,平均放电电压3.01 V。     

煤沥青与石油沥青混合调制道路沥青的研究

采用高效剪切分散仪考察了调配温度、调配时间、搅拌方法等工艺对煤沥青混合石油沥青性能的影响,对优选的样品进行了离析实验、抗老化性能及流变性能评价。结果表明,调配工艺对煤沥青在石油沥青中的分散有重要影响,调配温度的升高、调配时间的延长能促进煤沥青在石油沥青中分散但也会导致调配沥青的老化;煤沥青粒径对调配沥青性能有重要影响,对优选样品的进一步评价表明,调配沥青有好的耐高温流变性能和抗热氧老化性能,储存稳定性可以解决。     

利用除尘灰制备活性炭的工艺研究

以除尘灰为原料，用物理活化法制备活性炭．研究了活化温度、活化时间、活化剂流量对活性炭性能的影响．实验结果表明，活化温度和活化时间对活性炭的BET比表面积和吸附性能有很大影响；该方法可制得1nm以下微孔和10nm以下中孔均比较发达的活性炭．     

热处理对La0.63Gd0.2Mg0.17Ni3.1Co0.3Al0.1储氢合金微观组织和电化学性能的影响

在氩气气氛和1173 K保温条件下对La0.63 Gd0.2 Mg0.17Ni3.1 Co0.3 Al0.1储氢合金进行不同时间(t=8 ～168 h)的热处理,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针显微分析方法(EPMA)和电化学测试分析方法对比研究了退火时间对合金显微组织演化和电化学性能的影响.研究结果表明,铸态合金组织由Ce2 Ni7型、Gd2Co7型、Pr5 Co19型、PuNi3型和CaCu5型相组成,其Ce2 Ni7型相的丰度为78.9％,随退火时间的延长,退火合金中Ce2 Ni7型相的丰度逐渐增加,当退火时间t=168 h时其相丰度达到94.5％,Ce2 Ni7型相结构的晶胞参数和晶胞体积随退火时间增加而减小.电化学测试分析表明,退火合金电极的电化学性能与Ce2 Ni7型相的丰度有密切关系,退火时间对合金电极的活化性能影响不大,但合金电极放电容量随退火时间的延长逐渐提高,当t=168 h时,合金电极放电容量达到最大值386.8mAh·g-1;退火时间对合金电极循环稳定性的提高和改善有不同程度的影响,当退火时间t=16～168 h时,经100次充放电循环后,其电极容量保持率S100=90.3％～91.5％.热处理能有效改善合金电极电化学反应的动力学性能,但不同退火时间对合金电极的高倍率放电性能影响不明显.     

催化剂浆液制备条件对Pt/C催化剂电化学性能的影响

研究了催化剂浆液分散时间和分散剂等制备条件对Pt/C催化剂电化学活性的影响.结果表明,催化剂浆液的超声振荡时间和分散剂对Pt/C催化剂性能影响很大.当超声分散10 min时,对应的电化学性能最好;低于10 min时,催化剂的分散不够完全,性能较差;超声分散时间过长,则由于浆液温度升高使得样品颗粒团聚长大,导致Pt/C电...     

染料敏化太阳能电池的二氧化钛膜性能研究

以二氧化钛(TiO₂)纳米粉(P25)为原料,把它研磨成胶状,用涂敷法制得TiO₂纳米多孔膜,并组装成太阳能电池,用100W氙灯作为模拟太阳光,对电池进行光电性能测试.根据电池的短路电流(I_sc)、开路电压(V_oc)和填充因子(ff)等指标来反映电池的性能.研究表明,分散剂乙酰丙酮、OP乳化剂、研磨时间和热处理后的保温时间长短对TiO₂膜的性能均有很大的影响.其结果是,乙酰丙酮0.15mL、OP乳化剂0.10mL、研磨时间1h和保温时间0.5h时,TiO₂膜的光电性能较好,I_sc、V_oc和ff分别为8.85mA、567mV和0.445.并用XRD和比表面及孔隙分析仪对TiO₂膜进行了表征.     

改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根的吸附性能研究

将改性高粱秸秆用于磷酸根的吸附,研究了时间、酸度、温度以及改性高粱秸秆用量等因素对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在常温下,改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根具有良好的吸附性能,吸附时间快。改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundli-ch吸附等温方程及准二级动力学方程,吸附过程以单分子层物理吸附为主。     

CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3材料的制备及其单钯催化剂性能的研究

采用水热晶化法制备了Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3储氧材料,详细考察了制备过程中水热时间和温度对储氧材料结构和性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和热重分析技术(TG)表征结果表明,当水热温度为100℃,水热时间为12 h时,制备的Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3材料具有优异的结构性能、织构性能、还原性能和储氧性能。分别以较优水热条件下制备的Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3储氧材料和商用的铈锆铝储氧材料为载体,制备Pd/Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3催化剂,考察了其对汽车尾气中碳氢化合物的催化转化能力。     

含酯基多孔聚合物小球色谱固定相

合成了PM和PA两个系列甲基丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸甲酯与二乙烯苯的多孔聚合物,测定了它们的物理、化学性能和气相色谱性能,并评价其极性。通过实例说明它们对各种混合物的分离情况;保留时间较短,柱温较低,选择性较高,性能优于PorapakT或其它极性相近的商品聚合物固定相。     

Purification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from cell culture using ultrafiltration and heparin affinity chromatography

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus is the causative agent of the most significant infectious disease currently affecting the swine industry worldwide. Density gradient ultracentrifugation remains the most commonly used method for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) purification. However, this technique has notable drawbacks including long processing time and limited processing volume in each run. To overcome these limitations, a scalable process was developed. PRRSV propagated in MARC-145 was released by three freeze/thaw cycles. After a low speed centrifugation step, the virus particles in the supernatant were concentrated twice by an ultrafiltration step. The ultrafiltration step concentrated the virions effectively with no detectable loss while some cultural/cellular proteins were removed. The virions in the ultrafiltration retentate were then applied to a heparin affinity column on a fast performance liquid chromatography unit. The combined ultrafiltration and heparin affinity chromatography process removed more than 96% of cellular and medium proteins. During a stepwise elution strategy, the viral particles were eluted at two separate peaks recovering 27.5% and 25.4% of viral particles loaded onto the column with a purity of 194 and 3917 particles/μg protein, respectively.     

Assays of ligand-human serum albumin binding using pulsed ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Two approaches were utilized to increase the throughput of pulsed ultrafiltration assays of ligand binding to human serum albumin, reducing the volume of the ultrafiltration chamber and combining pulsed ultrafiltration with high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Affinity constants for binding of ligands to human serum albumin were determined using pulsed ultrafiltration with ultraviolet absorbance detection. The first affinity constants (Ka1) were measured for the binding of dansylsarcosine, dansylamide, 7-anilinocoumarin-4-acetic acid and warfarin, and were determined to be 1.8 x 105, 5 x 104, 8 x 104, and 2.0 x 105 M-1, respectively. The throughput of pulsed ultrafiltration analyses was tripled compared to previous pulsed ultrafiltration measurements by reducing the volume of the chamber. In addition, the use of LC-MS with pulsed ultrafiltration permitted the simultaneous comparison and rank ordering of ligand mixtures for binding to serum albumin. For example, the throughput of these pulsed ultrafiltration measurements was tripled by analyzing three ligands as a mixture.     

Secondary membranes for flux optimization in membrane filtration of biologic suspensions

We employ in situ deposited secondary membranes of yeast (SMYs) to optimize permeate flux during microfiltration and ultrafiltration of protein solutions. The deposited secondary membrane was periodically removed by backflushing, and a new cake layer was deposited at the start of the next cycle. The effects of backflushing time, backflushing strength, wall shear rate, and amount of secondary membrane deposited on the permeate flux were examined. Secondary membranes were found to increase the permeate fluxin microfiltration by severalfold. Protein transmission was also enhanced owing to the presence of the secondary membrane, and the amount of protein recovered was more than twice that obtained during filtration of protein-only solutions under othewise identical conditions. In ultrafiltration, the flux enhancement owing to the secondary membrane was only 50% or less. In addition, the flux for ultrafiltration was relatively insensitive to changes in the concentration of yeast used during deposition of SMY and to the backflushing strength used to periodically remove the secondary membrane.     

Dynamic modelling of milk ultrafiltration by artificial neural network

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used to dynamically model crossflow ultrafiltration of milk. It aims to predict permeate flux, total hydraulic resistance and the milk components rejection (protein, fat, lactose, ash and total solids) as a function of transmembrane pressure and processing time. Dynamic modelling of ultrafiltration performance of colloidal systems (such as milk) is very important for designing of a new process and better understanding of the present process. Such processes show complex non-linear behaviour due to unknown interactions between compounds of a colloidal system, thus the theoretical approaches were not being able to successfully model the process. In this work, emphasis has been focused on intelligent selection of training data, using few training data points and small network. Also it has been tried to test the ANN ability to predict new data that may not be originally available. Two neural network models were constructed to predict the flux/total resistance and rejection during ultrafiltration of milk. The results showed that there is an excellent agreement between the validation data (not used in training) and modelled data, with average errors less than 1%. Also the trained networks are able to accurately capture the non-linear dynamics of milk ultrafiltration even for a new condition that has not been used in the training process.     

Effects of multiple-stage membrane process designs on the achievable performance of automatic control

There is limited information from literature on the dynamic operability of membrane processes with multiple stages or loops. Such information is useful for assessing the performance achievable by an automatic controller proposed for a process design before the actual controller is implemented. Based on dynamic modeling of an industrial whey ultrafiltration process with an increasing number of stages up to a maximum of 12, the dynamic responses of the flowrate and concentration of the retentate were obtained. Features of the dynamic responses were used to determine the performance, in terms of quality and speed, that can be achieved by automatic controllers. In particular, limitations on the performance are indicated by features of dynamic responses such as effective time delay and inverse responses. Changes in effective time delay and inverse responses with the number of stages in the whey ultrafiltration process demonstrate a trade-off between process performance and control performance. This trade-off should be considered during process and controller design to maximize the economic return from the production of whey protein concentrates.     

Preparation, morphologies and properties for flat sheet PPESK ultrafiltration membranes

Flat sheet poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared. The effects of PPESK concentration, solvents, additives and exposing time on the structure and performance of PPESK ultrafiltration membranes were investigated in more detail. The optimal preparation conditions were: 12 wt.% PPESK, NMP/DMAc mixed solvent (mass ratio = 1), 8 wt.% polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), 2.5 wt.% LiCl and 5 s exposing time. Under these conditions, the pure water flux and the rejection of γ-globulins were 1139L/m² h and 93.7% at the operation pressure of 0.1 MPa, respectively.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that spongy structure could be formed while finger-like structure could be suppressed due to the longer exposing time or higher LiCl concentration.     

褐藻糖胶的提取纯化及其抗凝血活性的研究

从海带中提取出的水溶性提取物，经超滤，醇析获得褐藻糖胶粗多糖，以DEAE-Sephrose Fast Flow离子交换层析分离纯化，得到了F1，F2和F3三个级分，这三个级分具有明显的抗凝血作用。尤其是F3级分，能显地延长激活部分凝血活酶时间和凝血酶时间。     

紫外接枝聚合聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯制备抗污染聚砜超滤膜

以二苯甲酮(BP)为紫外引发剂,将聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PEGMA)接枝在聚砜超滤膜表面以提高膜的抗污染性能.在二苯甲酮存在的条件下,波长较长(λ300nm)的紫外光(UV)辐射下发生提氢反应,可以有效防止聚砜分子主链的剪切,保持改性膜的分离性能.考察了PEGMA浓度、UV辐射时间和BP浓度对改性超滤膜接枝度、亲水性和抗污染性能的影响.用表面全反射红外光谱(ATR/FTIR)表征改性前后膜表面化学组成的变化.表面改性膜的纯水通量略有降低而牛血清白蛋白(BSA)截留率有所提高.随着接枝度的提高,PEGMA接枝改性膜的抗污染性能增加.     

Preparative isolation and analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza uralensis root using ultrafiltration combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography

A simple, rapid, and effective assay based on ultrafiltration combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography was developed for screening and purifying alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza uralensis root extract. Experiments were carried out to optimize binding conditions including alcohol dehydrogenase concentration, incubation time, temperature, and pH. By comparing the chromatograms, three compounds were found possessing alcohol dehydrogenase binding activity in Glycyrrhiza uralensis root. Under the target‐guidance of ultrafiltration combined with the high‐performance liquid chromatography experiment, liquiritin ( 1 ), isoliquiritin ( 2 ), and liquiritigenin ( 3 ) were separated by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography using ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:1:4) as the solvent system. The alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitory activities of these three isolated compounds were assessed; compound 2 showed strongest inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 8.95 μM. The results of the present study indicated that the combinative method using ultrafiltration, high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography could be widely applied for the rapid screening and isolation of enzyme inhibitors from complex mixtures.     

Ultrafiltration of Aqueous Catamine AB Solutions

The ultrafiltration with and without agitation of aqueous micellar solutions of Catamine AB through an UPM-50M membrane was studied. The effects of initial polarization phenomena and the formation of a dynamic membrane were monitored. The micellar solutions of Catamine AB were found to modify the UPM-50M membrane; the polarization time increases with surfactant concentration.