具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的含硒人源单链抗体的制备

以谷胱甘肽(GSH)为靶抗原, 从噬菌体展示人源单链抗体库中筛选人源单链抗体(scFv). 经3轮筛选后, 用ELISA方法检测出5个(2, 11, 16, 24, 32 )可以和GSH结合的克隆. PCR产物的电泳和测序结果表明, 只有3个克隆(11, 16, 24)具有完整的scFv编码基因. 选取和GSH结合力高的克隆11的scFv 编码基因组装到表达载体pPELB上, 在大肠杆菌Rosetta中进行可溶性表达, 用Ni2+螯合亲和层析纯化scFv-11, 免疫点印迹结果证实该抗体能与GSH特异结合. 通过化学突变将scFv-11的丝氨酸转变成硒代半胱氨酸(Sec)后, 获得了具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活力的含硒(Se)人源单链抗体(Se-scFv-11), 其活力为351 U/μmol.     

氧氟沙星噬菌体库的构建、筛选及抗体结构模拟

应用噬菌体展示和重组抗体技术制备抗氧氟沙星单链抗体(scFv)库,筛选获得氧氟沙星特异性噬菌体scFv以及同源模拟其三维结构。将从氧氟沙星杂交瘤细胞提取的总RNA,用RT-PCR反转录合成cDNA,以针对鼠源重链可变区(VH)及轻链可变区(VL)基因的兼并引物,扩增获得VH和VL可变区基因,通过SOE-PCR法将VH基因和VL基因通过柔性多肽Linker(Gly4Ser)3拼接成全长scFv基因片段,将双酶切后的scFv基因片段插入T7噬菌体,经体外包装后转化宿主菌BLT5403,成功构建库容量为3×105pfu/mL的抗体库,经4轮吸附-洗脱-扩增的富集,采用直接竞争ELISA筛选到4个特异性噬菌体scFv,运用Expasy软件模拟特异性scFv的三维结构。为进一步大量表达氧氟沙星单链抗体奠定了基础。     

基于定点突变的抗克百威单链抗体的亲和力成熟

为获得亲和力更高的抗克百威(CBF)单链抗体(scFv), 从抗CBF scFv氨基酸序列出发, 通过同源模建获得抗体模型, 找出抗体中的活性口袋区域, 进而将小分子药物与抗体进行分子对接, 发现疏水作用和氢键对于抗体亲和力具有重要作用. 进一步对口袋内亲水氨基酸残基HArg40和LHis38进行模拟替换, 再进行分子对接分析, 发现当以亮氨酸为突变氨基酸时, 对接评分最高. 在此基础上, 通过构建突变scFv基因及可溶性表达, 采用ELISA法对进化后的单链抗体(evoscFv)进行了鉴定. 结果表明, evoscFv对CBF的IC₅₀值为18.11 μg/L, 低于野生型抗体的27.25 μg/L, 亲和解离常数K_d为4.06×10^-8 mol/L, 相对亲和力比野生型scFv提高了2.23倍, 说明通过分子对接分析及对抗体活性口袋中氨基酸残基进行替换, 获得了一个亲和力更高的突变体抗体.     

单链抗体PS-9的基因克隆、表达和免疫特性鉴定

成功地构建了鼠抗人胰腺癌单克隆抗体PS-9的单链抗体可变区基因(V_H-linker-V_L),并将该基因克隆到噬菌体表达载体pCANTAB5的外壳蛋白g3p基因中,使单链抗体以融合蛋白的形式表达在噬菌体的表面。免疫学鉴定结果表明,这种噬菌体抗体仍保留着亲代抗体的免疫特性,能与人粘液细胞癌LS-174-T细胞表面抗原特异结合。这项研究结果有助于鼠源性单克隆抗体的临床应用以及肿瘤导向诊断和治疗。     

噬菌体展示技术制备甲氧基有机磷农药抗独特型抗体

抗独特性抗体可用于建立针对农药等小分子物质的非竞争免疫检测模式.本研究将甲氧基有机磷农药通用半抗原(S-羧甲基-O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸酯,CMP)连接至琼脂糖凝胶,进而对甲氧基有机磷农药广谱特异性抗体进行纯化;以纯化抗体为固相抗原,以人源scFv抗体库(Tomlinson I+J)为抗体源,进行抗独特型抗体的筛选;利...     

磺胺类药物单链抗体的制备及其与磺胺噻唑相互作用研究

抗体与对应的小分子待测物之间的相互作用模式决定了免疫分析的特性。本研究以磺胺类药物杂交瘤细胞株4C7为起点,应用基因工程技术制备出单链抗体scFv4C7,采用间接竞争ELISA法对比其与母本单克隆抗体的识别特性,同时采用同源建模构建scFv4C7的三维立体结构,并与磺胺噻唑( STZ)进行分子对接。间接竞争ELISA结果显示scFv4C7保留了亲本单克隆抗体的识别特性,分子对接结果显示STZ深陷入抗体的重链和轻链形成的“口袋”中,STZ分子更靠近重链,且主要与抗原互补决定区CDR H3相互作用。本研究为制备识别谱更广、亲和力更高的磺胺类药物抗体提供了必要的结构信息。     

抗肿瘤双特异免疫导向治疗制剂CAtin的表达及活性分析

结合生物信息学方法与已知癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA)特异性单链抗体(Single chain Fv fragment, scFv)核苷酸序列, 经分子设计和密码子优化后, 通过化学方法合成CEA二硫键稳定性单链抗体(Disulfide stabilized single chain Fv fragments, scdsFv)基因片段. 将凋亡素基因(Apoptin)通过一段柔性连接肽(Linker)连接在CEA scdsFv基因下游, 并克隆入大肠杆菌表达载体质粒pET28a, 转化BL21感受态菌后经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, IPTG)诱导, 表达融合蛋白CAtin. SDS-PAGE和Western-Blot分析表明, 目的蛋白得到良好表达, 经条件优化后表达量最高可达44.1 mg/L. 融合蛋白经分步洗涤法和谷胱甘肽对表达的目的蛋白进行初步纯化和复性后, 利用人肝癌细胞(HCC)对所制备融合蛋白进行亲和力测定、细胞结合活性测定和特异性细胞杀伤活性分析. 结果显示, 所制备融合蛋白不仅能够有效地与上述肿瘤细胞结合, 并对其具有明显的杀伤活性, 表明成功制备了具有特异性识别和特异性杀伤活性的双特异抗肿瘤免疫导向制剂.     

一种检测二恶英的单链抗体方法

本发明公开了一种检测二恶英的单链抗体方法。该单链抗体基因来源于小鼠，克隆到表达载体pET20b，在大肠杆菌BL21中表达，利用表达蛋白上带有的His-tag标记可通过亲和层析纯化单链抗体蛋白，并利用C-myc标记检测单链抗体蛋白。本发明克隆到鼠源的抗二恶英类化学物质的单链抗体，该抗体能应用于检测二恶英类化学物质，检测成本低，应用前景广泛。     

基于M13噬菌体展示单链抗体文库的新型蛋白质均衡器的研制及其在肾病患者尿蛋白分析中的应用

通过将展示单链抗体(scFv)文库的M13噬菌体固定于冷凝胶整体柱表面制备了一种新型蛋白质均衡器。由于展示的scFv片段具有种类多、数目大以及与蛋白质结合的特异性强等优点,因此其非常适合用于复杂蛋白质样品的预处理。将肾病患者尿蛋白在平衡器上反复上样5次后,依次使用2 mol/L NaCl、50 mmol/L Gly-HCl(pH 2.5)和凝血酶溶液洗脱与均衡器结合的蛋白质,收集各馏分,并采用串联微柱反相液相色谱-电喷雾质谱进行蛋白质的分离鉴定。与未经均衡器处理的样品相比,鉴定的蛋白质数目由142个提高到396个。此外,凝胶电泳的分析结果显示,在上样流出液中蛋白质的浓度差异明显变小,大量的高丰度蛋白质存在于NaCl洗脱液中。上述结果表明,基于M13噬菌体展示scFv文库的新型蛋白质均衡器能够有效减小样品中蛋白质的浓度差异,有利于发现更多的低丰度蛋白质。     

SARS病毒核衣壳蛋白的表达与鉴定

依据Genebank中SARS基因组序列和酵母菌对密码子的选择性,采用人工合成的方法,合成了优化的SARS病毒核衣壳蛋白(N)的全基因(1296bp),与CTL表位基因(195bp)重组后,将其克隆到酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,构建成重组表达载体pPIC9K-N.重组载体转化毕赤酵母GS115,并经MD平板和MM平板筛选及PCR鉴定,得到阳性重组酵母工程菌GS115-pPIC9K-N.用甲醇诱导其分泌表达目的蛋白并对表达产物进行分析、浓缩与鉴定.结果表明,SARS病毒核衣壳蛋白能实现在毕赤酵母中高效表达,表达量达到20%,初步纯化后的产物具有良好的抗原特异性.     

A phage-displayed chicken single-chain antibody fused to alkaline phosphatase detects Fusarium pathogens and their presence in cereal grains

Fusarium and its poisonous mycotoxins are distributed worldwide and are of particular interest in agriculture and food safety. A simple analytical method to detect pathogens is essential for forecasting diseases and controlling mycotoxins. This article describes a proposed method for convenient and sensitive detection of Fusarium pathogens that uses the fusion of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and alkaline phosphatase (AP). A highly reactive scFv antibody specific to soluble cell wall-bound proteins (SCWPs) of F. verticillioides was selected from an immunized chicken phagemid library by phage display. The antibody was verified to bind on the surface of ungerminated conidiospores and mycelia of F. verticillioides. The scFv–AP fusion was constructed, and soluble expression in bacteria was confirmed. Both the antibody properties and enzymatic activity were retained, and the antigen-binding capacity of the fusion was enhanced by the addition of a linker. Surface plasmon resonance measurements confirmed that the fusion displayed 4-fold higher affinity compared with the fusion's parental scFv antibody. Immunoblot analyses showed that the fusion had good binding capacity to the components from SCWPs of F. verticillioides, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that the detection limit of the fungus was below 10⁻² μg mL⁻¹, superior to the scFv antibody. The fusion protein was able to detect fungal concentrations as low as 10⁻³ mg g⁻¹ of maize grains in both naturally and artificially contaminated samples. Thus, the fusion can be applied in rapid and simple diagnosis of Fusarium contamination in field and stored grain or in food.     

Novel Selenium-containing Human Single-chain Variable Fragment with Glutathione Peroxidase Activity from Computer-aided Molecular Design

In order to enhance the glutathione peroxidase(GPX) catalytic activity of the selenium-containing single-chain variable fragments(Se-scFv), a novel human scFv was designed on the basis of the structure of human antibody and optimized via bioinformatics methods such as homologous sequence analysis, three-dimensional(3D) model building, binding-site analysis and docking. The DNA sequence of the new human scFv was synthesized and cloned into the expression vector pET22b(+), then the scFv protein was expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified by Ni2+-immobilized metal affinity chromatography(IMAC). The serine residue of scFv in the active site was converted into selenocysteine(Sec) with the chemical modification method, thus, the human Se-scFv with GPX activity was obtained. The GPX activity of the Se-scFv protein was characterized. Compared with other Se-scFv, the new human Se-scFv showed similar efficiency for catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide by glutathione. It exhibited pH and temperature dependent catalytic activity and a typical ping-pong kinetic mecha- nism.     

高效离子排斥色谱法测定蔬菜中的马来酰肼

建立了马铃薯、洋葱、大蒜中马来酰肼(MH)的高效离子排斥色谱(HPIEC)检测方法。样品经提取、净化、过滤后进行色谱分析,以3 mmol/L 甲酸水溶液-乙腈(70:30, v/v)为流动相,流速0.8 mL/min,采用Ionpac ICE-AS1(250 mm×9 mm)HPIEC色谱柱分离,紫外检测波长205 nm,外标法定量。结果表明,MH的线性范围为0.006～1.0 mg/L,相关系数为0.9999,回收率为91%～103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%,检出限为0.002 mg/L (S/N=3)。该方法灵敏度高,前处理简便,可用于马铃薯、洋葱、大蒜中MH的检测。     

Construction of Three Single‐Chain Antibody Fragment Variable Fusion Structures for Sensitive Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein of Hantaan Virus

Abstract

Three single‐chain fragment variable (scFv) fusion structures were constructed for use in rapid and sensitive detection of nucleocapsid protein (NP) of Hantaan virus. The detection of NPs on glass chips was signalized by enzyme labeling or fluorescence dye Cy3, or Cy5 cluster nanoparticles. The sensitivity of the methods with different signal systems was evaluated and compared. The detection limits of scFv‐alkaline phosphatase fusion, fluorescence labeling (scFv‐Cy3), and nanoparticles labeling (scFv‐SBP‐streptavidin‐nanoparticle) were 0.1 µg/mL, 1 ng/mL, and 0.1 ng/mL NP, respectively, which were all lower than that in a conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (1 µg/mL). Twenty Hantaan virus isolates were detected using the proposed methods.     

Theoretical Design of Catalytic Domain of Abzyme Se-scFv2F3 by Introducing a Catalytic Triad

The single chain antibody scFv2F3 can be converted into selenium-containing Se-scFv2F3 by chemical mutation of the Ser residues. With antibody fragment 1NQB as a template, the catalytic domain of scFv2F3 was built by using homology modeling and molecular dynamics(MD) simulations. On the basis of the 3D model, we discussed the importance of Ser52 as the chemical modification site and redesigned the protein groups nearby Ser52 via introducing a catalytic triad. The following 10 ns MD results show that the des...     

Efficient construction of a large collection of phage-displayed combinatorial peptide libraries

Selections from phage-displayed combinatorial peptide libraries are an effective strategy for identifying peptide ligands to target proteins. Existing protocols for constructing phage-displayed libraries utilize either ligation into double-stranded phage DNA or Kunkel mutagenesis with single-stranded phagemid DNA. Although the Kunkel approach rapidly provides library sizes of up to 10(11), as many as 20% of the phagemids may be non-recombinant. With several modifications to current Kunkel protocols, we have generated peptide libraries with sizes of up to 10(11) clones and recombination frequencies approaching 100%. The production of phage libraries, as opposed to phagemid libraries, simplifies selection experiments by eliminating the need for helper phage. Our approach relies upon the presence of an amber stop codon in the coding region of gene III of bacteriophage M13. Oligonucleotides containing randomized stretches of DNA are annealed to the phage genome such that the randomized region forms a heteroduplex with the stop codon. The oligonucleotide is then enzymatically extended to generate covalently-closed, circular DNA, which is electroporated into a non-suppressor strain of Escherichia coli. If the amber stop codon is present in the DNA molecule, protein III is not synthesized and the phage cannot propagate itself. This method is customizable for the display of either random or focused peptide libraries. To date, we have constructed 22 different libraries ranging from 8-20 amino acids in length, utilizing complete or reduced codon sets.     

Direct antigen capture by soluble scFv antibodies

For ease of detection, soluble forms of phage-displayed scFv antibodies are usually expressed with a tag, e.g., c-myc or His (Histidine). The binding is then assayed by a monoclonal antibody to the tag. In this article, we describe the use of biotinylated antigen for detecting soluble scFv antibodies without utilizing the peptide tag detection system. The scFv antibodies were against the oncoplacental antigen heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP). The method essentially consisted of either reverse Western or antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the reverse Western, periplasmic extract was electrophoresed, and binding to biotinylated antigen was detected by the detection system based on streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. The antigen capture ELISA utilized the binding of periplasmic extract to a polystyrene plate. We have also demonstrated the use of antigen capture ELISA for studying specificity and affinity of the selected clones. Although these techniques have been developed for antibodies to HSAP, they have general utility for phage expression systems without a peptide tag.     

Determination of hydrazine in maleic hydrazide technical and pesticide formulations by gas chromatography: collaborative study

Twelve collaborating laboratories assayed hydrazine in technical maleic hydrazide (MH), 6-hydroxy-2H-pyridazin-3-one, and 2 formulated products, a liquid concentrate and a soluble granule, using gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection. The hydrazine content in the samples ranged from 0.03 ppm, in the liquid concentrate, to 0.26 ppm, in MH technical. Hydrazine and MH are dissolved in an aqueous solution. The MH is then precipitated out of solution by acidification. The solution containing hydrazine is treated with excess pentafluorobenzaldehyde (PFB) to form pentafluorobenzaldehyde azine (PFBA). The PFBA is extracted with hexane for analysis by GC using an electron capture detector. Peak area responses of PFBA are measured and quantified by external standardization. Hydrazine concentration is calculated from the PFBA determination. The laboratories weighed each test sample in duplicate with duplicate analysis for each weighing. Data from these laboratories were statistically analyzed. The average relative repeatability was determined to be 5.34% and the average relative reproducibility was 27.99%.