γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系表面的酸碱性质及其对重金属离子的吸附行为

运用电位滴定技术研究了γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系的表面酸碱性质;依据滴定数据及表面配位理论恒电容模式,利用WinSGW软件计算得出了γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系表面的酸碱反应平衡常数:≡XOH+H+≡XOH2+(lgK1=5.06±0.05);≡XOH≡XO-+H+(lgK2=-8.45±0.10);在此基础上研究了不同pH条件下重金属离子Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+在γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系表面的吸附行为,并用WinSGW软件模拟得出了Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+在该混合悬浮液体系中的表面配位常数:≡XOH+M2+≡XOM++H+[lgK=-2.20,-1.72,-2.90(M=Cu,Pb,Zn)].     

介孔α-Fe2O3表面配合反应平衡常数测定

采用十二胺为模板剂、氨水做沉淀剂成功制备了介孔α-Fe2O3,通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附/脱附技术对样品晶相、形貌和比表面积进行了表征.根据介孔α-Fe2O3悬浮液的酸碱滴定数据,使用FITEQL软件,采用双电层恒电容模型计算得出了介孔α-Fe2O3的表面酸碱反应平衡常数.在此基础上研究了Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+在介孔氧化铁表面的吸附行为,使用WinSGW软件模拟得出了相应的表面配合反应平衡常数并讨论了其吸附机理.     

α-Fe_2O_3,γ-Al_2O_3纳米粒子及其混合体系酸碱性质及对重金属离子的吸附行为

运用自动电位滴定技术分别研究了在纳米α-Fe2O3,γ-Al2O3单一体系及其混合体系中矿物表面的酸碱性质。依据表面配位理论恒电容模式,计算了相应的表面酸碱配位常数。实验和计算结果表明,按照等表面积原则混合α-Fe2O3、γ-Al2O3纳米粒子得到混合体系,其表面化学反应并非是单一体系的简单叠加,而是存在着不同矿物表面间复杂的交互作用。其表面酸碱性质和吸附重金属离子的行为可以用单表面模型拟合,混合体系表面反应平衡模式和相应的酸碱反应平衡常数分别为:≡XOH+H+≡XOH2+lgK1=4.04≡XOH≡XO-+H+lgK2=-9.20根据重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+在α-Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3混合体系表面的吸附行为,计算得出Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+在混合体系固体表面的配位反应平衡常数如下:≡XOH+M2+≡XOM++H+lgK=-2.50、-2.25、-3.75(M=Cu、Pb、Zn)     

Zn-Al类水滑石结构正电荷对内禀电离平衡常数的影响

采用电势滴定(potentiometric titration,PT)法测定了Zn-Al类水滑石(HTlc)的零净电荷点(pHPZNC);利用电势滴定数据直接计算得到Zn-Al HTlc的内禀电离平衡常数(pKa2int)和质子吸附自由能(G0ads,2);研究了结构电荷密度(σp)对pKa2int 和G0ads,2的影响.结果表明,随σp增加, pKa2int 和G0ads,2数值均降低,说明σp越大,带正电荷的HTlc与H＋结合力越低,HTlc去质子能力越强,H＋游离出HTlc表面的趋势越大.研究发现，HTlc的pKa2int与pHPZNC之间符合关系式: pKa2int =1.372pHPZNC－3.328.     

介孔α-Fe2O3表面配合反应平衡常数测定

采用十二胺为模板剂、氨水做沉淀剂成功制备了介孔α-Fe₂O₃, 通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N₂吸附/脱附技术对样品晶相、形貌和比表面积进行了表征. 根据介孔α-Fe₂O₃悬浮液的酸碱滴定数据, 使用FITEQL软件, 采用双电层恒电容模型计算得出了介孔α-Fe₂O₃的表面酸碱反应平衡常数. 在此基础上研究了Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋, Zn^2＋在介孔氧化铁表面的吸附行为, 使用WinSGW软件模拟得出了相应的表面配合反应平衡常数并讨论了其吸附机理.     

丝光沸石的疏水化研究

采用不同的脱铝方法得到Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比为１５～１１２的丝光沸石，用ＩＲ方法测定了样品的脱铝空穴含量，并考察样品的热稳定性和疏水性，实验结果表明，脱铝后形成的大量末端硅羟基仍有亲水性，因而单纯酸脱铝疏水化效果有限，用水蒸汽处理或（ＮＨ４）２ＳｉＦ６补硅的方法使沸石表面硅羟基转变成≡Ｓｉ－Ｏ－Ｓｉ≡键，能显著地提高沸石疏水性。     

乙烯基Ia3d介孔硅分子筛的环氧化及其固定化青霉素酰化酶(英文)

采用直接共聚法合成表面含有乙烯基的具有立方相Ia3d结构的介孔硅分子筛(V-ClMS),然后对乙烯基团进行环氧化制备得到表面环氧基功能化的介孔硅分子筛(E-CIMS),采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、热重分析和13C固体核磁共振对制备的介孔硅分子筛进行了表征.结果表明,表面含有乙烯基的V-ClMS介孔硅分子筛能被一步成功合成,并易于发生环氧化而获得表面环氧基功能化的E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛.将E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛作为载体用于固定化青霉素G酰化酶(PGA),研究了表面环氧基团对固定化PGA初活性和操作稳定性的影响.结果表明,随着表面环氧基团数量的增加,介孔硅分子筛孔径减小,表面疏水性增加,导致载酶量和初活性减小.但介孔硅分子筛表面适量的环氧基团能增强E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛与PGA之间的相互作用,从而提高固定化PGA的操作稳定性.     

炭化温度对模板法合成介孔炭性能的影响

以蔗糖为炭源和硅酸钠为硅源,采用原位共聚法制备了炭/氧化硅复合体,除去氧化硅得到介孔炭材料.采用N2吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜和红外光谱对不同炭化温度获得的样品进行表征.结果表明,随着炭化温度升高,所得的介孔炭比表面积和孔容均下降,650℃ ～ 950℃的炭化温度下获得的样品BET比表面积在586m2/g ～728 m2/g之间,孔容在0.549cm3/g～0.696cm3/g之间,孔径分布5-15nm之间.经红外光谱检测所得的介孔炭样品均含有氢和氧的功能团.     

功能化有序介孔碳对重金属离子Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)的选择性吸附行为

以三嵌段共聚物F127为模板剂,酚醛树脂为碳源,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,三组分共组装合成介孔碳-氧化硅纳米复合物,再经HF去除氧化硅,得到有序介孔碳(OMC).X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、低温N2吸脱附(BET)等测试表明,所得样品具有高度有序的介孔结构,比表面积和孔容分别为1330m2·g-1和2.13cm3·g-1,平均孔径6.4nm.对其先氧化、后氯化、再胺化,得到不同胺基接枝量的胺化介孔碳(C-NH2(m),m为加入的乙二胺的质量(g)).傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱表征结果证实,胺基官能团成功接枝到有序介孔碳表面.TEM测试表明介孔碳的有序孔道结构得到了较好的保持.以有序介孔碳、胺化介孔碳作吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)进行选择性吸附研究.结果表明:功能化修饰前,样品对Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)饱和吸附量分别为213.33、241.55mg·g-1;修饰后饱和吸附量可分别达到495.05、68.21mg·g-1.功能化介孔碳表现了较强的选择性吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的能力.     

氧化铝／水界面上表面络合模型的参数

本文报道了由氧化铝的水悬浮液的电位滴定数据得到的扩散双层模型，恒定电容模型和三层模型的参数，即本征表面酸度常数，本征表面络合常数和双电层的电容，并用这些参数计算作为ｐＨ值和离子强度函数的表面电荷密度，表面电势和表面各组分的分布。     

Surface Properties of Cleaved Mica

The structural characteristics of cleaved mica are studied. Cleavage of phlogopite and muscovite is shown to be accompanied by the deformation of their crystal lattices. The structural charge emerging as a result amounts to 90–95% of the total charge of the mica surface. The acid–base properties of the surfaces of these minerals are studied by the method of potentiometric titration. As is shown using constant capacitance surface complexation model, only deprotonation reactions are characteristic for muscovite, whereas phlogopite undergoes also ion-exchange reactions. The corresponding constants of acid–base equilibrium are determined.     

Anthill Earth as a Gold Occurrence Indicator,and Gold Determination by Solid Sampling Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

With the aim of avoiding cumbersome sample treatment, we present a device for the introduction of solid soil samples into AAS-flames for gold determination, as well as the proposition of earth from anthills as a gold occurrence indicator. A previous ground sample of anthill earth (0.50 mg) was weighed directly into a small recipient of polyethylene which was then connected to a sampling boronsilicate glass chamber. The sample was carried by an airflow (5 L min⁻¹) to a quartz cell positioned between the burner top and the optical beam. The generated atomic vapor produced a transient signal which was totally integrated in three seconds. The performance was compared with conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometry after proper sample digestion. No significant differences were observed between both procedures (mean deviation ±1.90%), and a LOQ of 0.03 μg Au was achieved using the proposed method. The anthill earth was found to be very suitable for indication of gold occurrence in soils and related materials.     

Properties of silicas chemically modified by monodentate amines studied by conductometry

The protonation of aminoalkyl groups covalently bonded on the silica surface was studied by the conductometric titration method. Porous varieties of silica can adsorb HCl from an aqueous solution. Conductometric titration was proposed for the determination of concentrations and constants of protolytic equilibrium of grafted amino groups. During HCl chemisorption the effect of temperature on the electric conductivity of suspensions of the modified silicas was studied. __________ Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1789–1793, August, 2005.     

Protolytic equilibria on the surface of carboxyl-containing silica

Potentiometric titration has been used to study the protolytic equilibria on the surface of carboxyl-containing silica (CS) prepared by the reaction of silica (Silokhrom S-80, S_sp = 80 m²/g) with Cl₃SiCH₂CH₂COOCH₃, followed by hydrolysis with 30% sulfuric acid. The titration curve of the vacuum-dried sample is irreversible. The titration curve of its Na⁺ form with hydrochloric acid proceeds lower than the titration curve of its H⁺ form and coincides with the titration curve of the air-dried sample (the last curve is reversible). The titration curve of CS coincides with the titration curve of butyric acid at pH < 6. At pH > 6 the titration curve of CS passes below the titration curve of butyric acid; this is due to the participation of silanol groups on the silica surface in the protolytic equilibria. The pK_a of the grafted CS groups is equal to 4.80 which is close to the pK_a value of butyric acid (4.78). A method has been proposed for the determination of the amount of weak acid groups grafted to the silica. It has been shown that in the titration of CS the equilibrium is established much faster than in the case of the unmodified silica.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 243–247, March–April, 1986.     

Determination of the Dissociation Constants of Urocanic Acid Isomers in Aqueous Solutions

Summary. (E)- and (Z)-Urocanic acids are endogenous chemicals in the normal mammalian skin. The first and the second thermodynamic dissociation constants (pK _a1 and pK _a2) of urocanic acid isomers were determined using UV spectrophotometry in aqueous solutions. The values with standard deviation (pK _a1 = 3.43 ± 0.12 and pK _a2 = 5.80 ± 0.04) and (pK _a1 = 2.7 ± 0.3 and pK _a2 = 6.65 ± 0.04) were obtained to (E)- and (Z)-urocanic acids, respectively. The second dissociations were studied also by potentiometric titration in aqueous sodium chloride solutions up to the isotonic salt concentration (0.154 mol dm⁻³), and the second thermodynamic dissociation constants as well as activity parameters for both isomers were determined at temperature 25°C and for (E)-urocanic acid also at 37°C. The obtained pK _a2 values were close to those found by UV spectrophotometry. The equations for the calculation of the second stoichiometric dissociation constants of urocanic acid isomers on molality and molarity scale in aqueous sodium chloride solutions were derived. The obtained pK _a1 and pK _a2 values for (Z)-urocanic acid appear to be essentially lower than some previously reported values in literature. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Determination of the Dissociation Constants of Urocanic Acid Isomers in Aqueous Solutions

(E)- and (Z)-Urocanic acids are endogenous chemicals in the normal mammalian skin. The first and the second thermodynamic dissociation constants (pK _a1 and pK _a2) of urocanic acid isomers were determined using UV spectrophotometry in aqueous solutions. The values with standard deviation (pK _a1 = 3.43 ± 0.12 and pK _a2 = 5.80 ± 0.04) and (pK _a1 = 2.7 ± 0.3 and pK _a2 = 6.65 ± 0.04) were obtained to (E)- and (Z)-urocanic acids, respectively. The second dissociations were studied also by potentiometric titration in aqueous sodium chloride solutions up to the isotonic salt concentration (0.154 mol dm⁻³), and the second thermodynamic dissociation constants as well as activity parameters for both isomers were determined at temperature 25°C and for (E)-urocanic acid also at 37°C. The obtained pK _a2 values were close to those found by UV spectrophotometry. The equations for the calculation of the second stoichiometric dissociation constants of urocanic acid isomers on molality and molarity scale in aqueous sodium chloride solutions were derived. The obtained pK _a1 and pK _a2 values for (Z)-urocanic acid appear to be essentially lower than some previously reported values in literature.     

Acidity Constants of Supported Salts of Heteropoly Acids Using a Methodology Related to the Potentiometric Mass Titration Technique

Using a potentiometric mass titrationmethod, the pK_a values of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) and 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) were determined in aqueous solution and as a solid suspension in acetonitrile. The results were compared with the earlier reported values obtained using other methods like calorimetry and adsorption (Cal-ad). The acidity values in terms of pK_a and the number of acid sites were determined for the ammonium salts of MPA and TPA, and ammonium salts incorporated with vanadium and ammonium salts impregnated on a ZrO₂ support. The effect of the amount of the salt or acid in the suspension of acetonitrile on the potentiometric titration behavior was also studied and it was found that 0.1 g of the substance gives a good neutralization jump in the titration curve.     

DFT/TDDFT investigation of the stepwise deprotonation in tetracycline: pK<Subscript>a</Subscript> assignment and UV–vis spectroscopy

Tetracyclines are a class of derivatives of polycyclic naphthacene carboxamide, which have attracted wide interest in the pharmaceutical field for their use as antibiotics. These molecules are characterized by a substantial conformational flexibility and by the presence of different binding sites which endow tetracycline with a noticeable capability in binding biological targets. A salient property of tetracyclines is the presence of multiple acidic groups: four equilibrium constants have been measured for the fully protonated tetracycline (TCH₃ ⁺) but so far no clear information concerning the pK_as of the various sites has been reported. We present here a computational investigation on the correlation between the acid–base and the spectroscopic properties of this important class of compounds. Starting from the TCH₃ ⁺ species, the pK_a of all the possible deprotonation sites has been computed by DFT calculations. The computed pK_as nicely compare with the experimental data, within 1 pK_a unit, allowing us to individuate the products of the first deprotonation. This procedure has been iteratively repeated using as starting species the products singled out from the previous deprotonation, thus individuating the stepwise products of each deprotonation step. Then, the optical absorption spectra have been computed for all the species involved in the protonation/deprotonation equilibria, comparing the results with the experimental data. The good agreement between theory and experiment has allowed us to rationalize the correlation between the solution pH and the absorption spectra.