QDs标记免疫调节肽及其与T细胞作用的表征

量子点是直径为1~10 nm的球形半导体纳米晶体, 也被称为半导体量子点, 简称QDs. 与有机荧光染料相比, QDs具有激发光谱单一、 荧光谱线窄、 发光效率高、 发光颜色可调、 可进行多色联合标记, 并且光稳定性好等优点, 所以量子点是非常有前途的生物标记物[^1,2]. 研究结果表明, 量子点可以与许多生物分子如蛋白质、多肽、核酸及小分子配体等偶联. 现已有许多关于量子点标记生物分子的报道, 如用量子点标记木瓜蛋白酶、 胰蛋白酶、 天花粉蛋白和表皮生长因子等^[3-5].用量子点标记生物分子作为荧光探针已成功地应用于多种生物分析, 如DNA杂交监测、 免疫分析和用QDs检测ATP推动的反应等^[4,6,7]. 目前, 对量子点标记生物分子的报道多为对大分子蛋白质的标记, 而对小分子肽标记的报道却很少.     

有机双光子线粒体内活性小分子荧光探针研究进展

线粒体在细胞的能量代谢中发挥着关键作用,其内部环境的微小变化会影响细胞的正常生命活动。同时线粒体内许多活性小分子在细胞的许多生理过程中也起着关键作用。因此,可视化监测线粒体自身及内部微环境的变化对于生命现象的研究和疾病的诊断与治疗具有非常重要的意义。荧光分析法因具有操作简便、灵敏度高、选择性好、实时检测以及损伤小等优点而得到了广泛的研究和应用。双光子荧光探针技术相对于单光子荧光技术具有长波吸收短波发射、高度的三维空间选择性、大的穿透深度、避免荧光漂白和光致毒以及降低组织自发荧光干扰等特点,在生命科学领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文介绍了有机双光子吸收基本原理以及有机双光子线粒体内活性小分子荧光探针的研究现状,同时对有机线粒体内活性小分子荧光探针今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

光电子能谱(六)

4.生物大分子光电子能谱现已较多地应用于生物化学领域,对小分子(如尿素、硫脲)、杂环化合物(如卟啉、卟吩、血色素、叶绿素、维生素和生物碱等)以及氨基酸、核酸、蛋白质、细胞组织等,都进行过探索,并提供了许多宝贵的信息,是研究生物分子的一种工具。 4.1 蛋白质与氨基酸光电子能谱比较早就用于测定蛋白质、氨基酸等化合物。其中,有关金属蛋白质中的金属离子的状态以及和配位体键合的情况研究得较多,例如,这一类络合物中铜离子价态的判断就是一个例子。     

室温下CuCl催化的可兼容卤代官能团的氯代酰胺对芳基硼酸的亲电氨化反应

有机含氮化合物广泛存在于自然界,是一类非常重要的化合物,许多有机含氮化合物具有生物活性,如氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质等;不少药物、染料等也是有机含氮化合物．过渡金属催化的碳-氮偶联反应是金属有机化学的一类重要反应,多年来一直被有机化学家们关注和研究．但是,目前以R1R2N＋作为合成子与金属试剂进行亲电氨基化反应的报道却少之又少．     

硝基磺酚C光度法测定蛋白质的研究

蛋白质的定量分析是生化研究、临床化验和食品检验等领域经常涉及的内容.以有机小分子作光谱探针测定蛋白质,如甲基橙^[1,2]、考马斯亮蓝G-250^[3]、溴酚蓝^[4]、溴甲酚绿^[5]和偶氮胂Ⅲ^[6]等已得到研究.     

刺激响应型有机小分子凝胶的研究进展

智能型凝胶是近年来有机小分子凝胶的研究重点, 其中刺激响应型有机小分子智能凝胶对外界微小的物理、化学刺激, 如温度、光、pH、离子强度或电场等能够感知并在响应过程中有显著的响应行为性. 较系统地综述了刺激响应型有机小分子智能凝胶的结构特点和近年来的研究进展, 并展望了该类有机小分子智能凝胶的应用前景.     

木质生物质转化高附加值化学品

本文阐述了木质生物质转化为主要化学品的类型及其转化途径,提出了从木质生物质转化高附加值化学品的新思路。木质生物质通过一定的降解或分解途径,可产生很多有重要价值的有机小分子化合物,这些有机小分子化合物有葡萄糖、木糖、苯丙烷单体及二聚体,气态小分子如CH4和CO,液态小分子如有机酸、醛、醇,重要基础平台化合物糠醛、乙酰丙酸、木糖醇、乙醇等。通过这些小分子有机化合物的转化,可产生替代石油基产品的高附加值化学品,对可持续发展具有重要意义。     

血红蛋白在银溶胶上的表面增强喇曼光谱研究

表面增强喇曼光谱已广泛应用于物质分子在金属表面吸附的研究.人们发现,不仅无机物和有机小分子能产生SERS,而且生物分子,如核酸、色蛋白以及蛋白质均能产生SERS效应,并以此来研究生物分子-蛋白质的变性问题.     

木质生物质转化高附加值化学品

本文阐述了木质生物质转化为主要化学品的类型及其转化途径,提出了从木质生物质转化高附加值化学品的新思路.木质生物质通过一定的降解或分解途径,可产生很多有重要价值的有机小分子化合物,这些有机小分子化合物有葡萄糖、木糖、苯丙烷单体及二聚体,气态小分子如CH4和CO,液态小分子如有机酸、醛、醇,重要基础平台化合物糠醛、乙酰丙酸、木糖醇、乙醇等.通过这些小分子有机化合物的转化,可产生替代石油基产品的高附加值化学品,对可持续发展具有重要意义.     

木质生物质转化高附加值化学品

本文阐述了木质生物质转化为主要化学品的类型及其转化途径,提出了从木质生物质转化高附加值化学品的新思路.木质生物质通过一定的降解或分解途径,可产生很多有重要价值的有机小分子化合物,这些有机小分子化合物有葡萄糖、木糖、苯丙烷单体及二聚体,气态小分子如CH4和CO,液态小分子如有机酸、醛、醇,重要基础平台化合物糠醛、乙酰丙酸、木糖醇、乙醇等.通过这些小分子有机化合物的转化,可产生替代石油基产品的高附加值化学品,对可持续发展具有重要意义.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).