1,3-丙二醇油酸双酯的合成

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,油酸和1,3-丙二醇为原料合成了1,3-丙二醇油酸双酯。最佳反应条件为:油酸60 mmol,n(油酸)∶n(丙二醇)=2.1,催化剂对甲苯磺酸的用量为油酸质量的3.5%,带水剂甲苯20 mL,于160℃反应1 h。在优化反应条件下,酯化率98%,收率77%。     

聚对苯二甲酸-2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇无规共聚酯的合成与表征

以对苯二甲酸、2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)和乙二醇为原料,钛酸四丁酯为催化剂,采用直接酯化法,通过改变对苯二甲酸与2,5-呋喃二甲酸摩尔比合成了一系列高分子量线性聚对苯二甲酸-2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇无规共聚酯(PEFT).运用1H-NMR和13C-NMR表征并确立了共聚酯的结构,XRD结果显示该系列共聚酯在原生态状态下均为无定形聚集态结构,DSC结果表明该系列共聚酯只有一个玻璃化转变温度(73.3～84.2℃),介于PET和PEF之间,随着PEF含量的增加而增大.TGA结果显示该系列聚酯具有良好的热稳定性,起始热分解温度高于390℃,介于PET和PEF之间.拉伸测试结果表明共聚酯的组成对其力学性能有影响,其中PEFT-10,PEFT-70和PEFT-90的力学性能较好,优于PET.     

生物柴油及1,3-丙二醇联产工艺产业化进展

生物柴油作为可再生的清洁能源,已在美国、欧盟等多个国家和地区推行使用.在生物柴油的生产过程中,最高可得到约10%的副产物甘油,副产物甘油的去向将成为生物柴油大规模产业化发展所面临的严峻问题.1,3-丙二醇是一种重要的化工原料,作为合成新型聚酯PTT的原料,1,3-丙二醇已引起人们的广泛关注.以生物柴油副产物甘油为原料耦合生产1,3-丙二醇,不仅解决了生物柴油副产物甘油的出路问题,同时降低了1,3-丙二醇的生产成本.本文详细介绍了生物柴油及1,3-丙二醇生产技术及联产工艺的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

生物柴油及1,3-丙二醇联产工艺产业化进展

生物柴油作为可再生的清洁能源,已在美国、欧盟等多个国家和地区推行使用。在生物柴油的生产过程中,最高可得到约10%的副产物甘油,副产物甘油的去向将成为生物柴油大规模产业化发展所面临的严峻问题。1,3-丙二醇是一种重要的化工原料,作为合成新型聚酯PTT的原料,1,3-丙二醇已引起人们的广泛关注。以生物柴油副产物甘油为原料耦合生产1,3-丙二醇,不仅解决了生物柴油副产物甘油的出路问题,同时降低了1,3-丙二醇的生产成本。本文详细介绍了生物柴油及1,3-丙二醇生产技术及联产工艺的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

5-溴-1,3-二氟-2-甲氧基苯的合成

以5-溴-1,2,3-三氟苯为原料,经氰化取代,甲氧基化,氰基酸性水解,霍夫曼降级重排,重氮化和Gattermann反应,高效合成了5-溴-1,3-二氟-2-甲氧基苯,其结构经¹H NMR, 13C NMR和MS(EI)确证。并利用气相色谱（GC）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）实时监测反应进程,优化了合成条件。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定化妆品中2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定化妆品中2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇的方法。采用ZORBAX RX-C_8色谱柱(150×2.1 mm,5μm)进行分离,以甲醇-水-5%磷酸(10∶985∶5,用2 mol/L NaOH调至pH 3.0)为流动相,流速为0.7 m L/min,柱温为室温。结果显示,2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇在2.5 min处出峰,其线性范围为0.01~1.0 mg/L,相关系数为0.999 9。不同基质化妆品的方法检出限均为1.0μg/g,回收率为94.6%~101.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.5%~4.5%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏、无干扰,适用于化妆品中2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇的定性定量测定。     

1,3-二芳基-1丙酮类化合物的合成

以取代苯乙酮和取代芳香醛为原料,制得一系列1,3-二芳基-1-氧代丙烯类化合物(1a~1j); 1a~1j和对甲苯磺酰肼(2)经还原反应合成了10个1,3-二苯基-1-丙酮类化合物(3a~3j, 3h为新化合物),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS（ESI）确证。研究了碱、溶剂、温度和投料比γ[n(1a)/n(2)/n(碱)]对3a产率的影响。结果表明：γ=1/2/2,磷酸钾为碱,乙醇为溶剂,于80 ℃反应4 h, 3a产率最高（80%）。     

2-氨基-4-甲氧基氯代苯甲酸的合成研究

以2-氨基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,通过氯代反应,再分别通过酯水解反应得到化合物2-氨基-5-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸和2-氨基-3-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸。其中间体及产物结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和ESI-MS确证,并考察了最佳氯代反应条件。结果表明:物料配比为n(2-氨基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯)∶n(NCS)=1∶1. 2,反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,反应时间为16 h,两种氯代产物2-氨基-5-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯和2-氨基-3-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯收率分别为47%和39%。     

二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化剂。以二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸为催化剂,环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,用正交实验法研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,在n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.8%,带水剂环己烷12 mL,反应时间45 min的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.93%。     

生物柴油及1,3-丙二醇联产工艺产业化进展

生物柴油作为可再生的清洁能源,已在美国、欧盟等多个国家和地区推行使用.在生物柴油的生产过程中,最高可得到约10%的副产物甘油,副产物甘油的去向将成为生物柴油大规模产业化发展所面临的严峻问题.1,3-丙二醇是一种重要的化工原料,作为合成新型聚酯PTT的原料,1,3-丙二醇已引起人们的广泛关注.以生物柴油副产物甘油为原料耦合生产1,3-丙二醇,不仅解决了生物柴油副产物甘油的出路问题,同时降低了1,3-丙二醇的生产成本.本文详细介绍了生物柴油及1,3-丙二醇生产技术及联产工艺的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

Preparation and characterization of soluble terpolymers from m‐phenylenediamine,o‐anisidine,and 2,3‐xylidine

A series of terpolymers were synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization of m‐phenylenediamine (MPD), o‐anisidine (AS), and 2,3‐xylidine (XY) in hydrochloride aqueous medium. The yield, intrinsic viscosity, and solubility of the terpolymers were studied by changing the MPD/AS/XY molar ratio from 100/0/0 to 53/39/8 to 0/100/0. It was discovered that the MPD/AS/XY terpolymers exhibit a higher polymerization yield and better solubility than MPD/AS and MPD/XY bipolymers having the same MPD molar content. The as‐prepared MPD/AS/XY terpolymer bases were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, ¹H NMR, and high‐resolution solid‐state ¹³C NMR spectroscopies; wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction; and thermogravimetry. The results suggested that the oxidative polymerization from MPD, AS, and XY is exothermic, and the resulting terpolymers are more easily soluble in some organic solvents than MPD homopolymer. The copolymer obtained was a real terpolymer containing MPD, AS, and XY units, and the actual MPD/AS/XY molar ratio calculated by solid‐state ¹³C NMR spectra of the polymers is very close to the feed ratio, although the AS content calculated on the basis of the ¹H NMR spectrum of the soluble part of the polymer is higher than the feed AS content. The terpolymers and MPD homopolymer exhibit a higher polymerization yield and much higher intrinsic viscosity and are more amorphous than the AS homopolymer. At a fixed MPD content of 70 mol %, the terpolymers exhibit an increased thermostability and activation energy of the major degradation in nitrogen and air with an increasing AS content. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3989–4000, 2001     

聚对苯二甲酸戊二酯的性能研究

采用酯化法合成聚对苯二甲酸戊二酯 (PPT) ,利用IR与1H NMR对其结构进行表征 ,对其特性粘数的测定方法进行了研究 ,得到k +k′约为 0 5,即PET切片特性粘数的测试方法同样适用于PPT .用差热扫描量热法 (DSC)研究了PPT的结晶能力 ,并进行了等温结晶动力学分析 ,结果表明PPT的结晶速度很慢 ,需要较长的结晶时间 .热失重法 (TG)比较了PPT与聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯 (PTT)的热降解过程 ,结果表明尽管二者熔点相差很大 ,但热分解温度相近 .     

聚(丁二酸丁二酯-co-丁二酸丙二酯)的等温结晶行为研究

以1,4-丁二酸、1,4-丁二醇和1,3-丙二醇为原料通过直接熔融缩聚法合成了聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS),聚丁二酸丙二酯(PPS)和聚(丁二酸丁二酯-co-丁二酸丙二酯)(PBSPS)等脂肪族聚酯.利用1H-NMR,WAXD,DSC和POM等研究了聚酯的结晶结构和结晶动力学过程等结晶行为.PBSPS的结晶晶型与PBS一致,说明只有丁二酸丁二酯(BS)单元结晶而丁二酸丙二酯(PS)单元处于无定形区.聚酯等温结晶后,在升温熔融过程中出现了多重熔融峰.分析表明多重熔融峰主要来自于聚酯升温过程中的熔融-重结晶行为.利用Avrami方程分析了聚酯的等温结晶动力学,Avrami指数n为2.2~2.8,说明聚酯等温结晶时主要以异相成核的三维生长方式进行;随着PS单元的增多,聚酯的表观结晶活化能升高,也就是说BS单元的结晶变得困难.POM观察到聚酯等温结晶时都出现了环带球晶现象,球晶形态会随着结晶温度和化学结构差异而改变.     

Block copolymers of poly(ethylene terephthalate–polybutylene terephthalate). I. Preparation and crystallization behavior

Block copolymers of two crystallizable compounds, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), were developed with PET as the major component and the amount of PBT varying from 1.0 to 20.0 wt %. These block copolymers were prepared by end-group coupling of preformed oligomers. All polymers prepared were of equivalent molecular weight as determined by the intrinsic viscosity method. Thermal properties were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). With increasing PBT content, the block copolymers showed a general decrease in the values of glass transition temperature, melting temperature, initial decomposition temperature, and maximum decomposition temperature. The heat of fusion and heat of crystallization first increased and then decreased slightly. Rates of crystallization were determined by measuring density as a function of time of isothermal crystallization carried out at 95°C. It was found that small amounts of PBT increased the crystallization rate considerably over that of PET. Random copolymers did not show this phenomenon and behaved more like pure PET. The crystallization behavior of block copolymers was analyzed by the Avrami equation and Avrami exponents were determined. Results were explained on the basis that the faster-crystallizing PBT blocks crystallized first and provided built-in nucleation sites for the subsequent crystallization of PET, thus resulting in a relatively fast-crystallizing copolyester.     

Synthesis and Properties of Poly （aryl ether ketone） Copolymers Containing 2,7-Naphthalene Moieties

IntroductionPoly(aryl ether ketone)s are high performance en-gineering plastics with outstanding physical,chemical,thermal and mechanical properties and have been ap-plied to the aerospace industry,the electronic industry,the automobile industry,the petro…     

Synthesis and characterization of isomeric polyesters based on sebacic acid and hexanediols

Isomeric homopolymers and random copolyesters based on sebacic acid and isomeric hexanediols were synthesized by condensation techniques and characterized by NMR, GPC, intrinsic viscosity, and DSC. Among the homopolymers, only the polyester derived from the linear 1,6-hexanediol was found to be crystalline. Typical melting points were 65–70°C, depending on molecular weight, and a T_g of ?62°C was measured on a high molecular weight sample. Other isomeric homopolymers derived from the branched diols 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol and 2,5-hexanediol were amorphous tacky fluids with glass temperatures of ?69 and ?66°C, respectively. In the case of the random copolymers, NMR analysis was particularly useful in determining the copolymer composition or the diol isomer ratio. DSC data indicated that all the random copolymers containing the linear 1,6-diol were crystallizable and their melting points depended on copolymer composition. The heat of fusion per repeat unit of poly(hexamethylene sebacate) was found to be 32 cal/g from measurements of the molecular weight dependence of the melting point.     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜的表面碳氟等离子体改性及XPS取样深度与接触角间的关系

高聚物界面的能量、结构等性质，对理论研究和实际应用都是极为重要的．因为许多聚合物材料都具有一个或多个界面的多相结构，这些界面的结构和强度等，显著地影响着这些多相材料的物理、力学性能等，而它们之间的关系，是一个极为复杂的问题，只有综合界面科学、流变学、...     

Phase separation in semicrystalline blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). II. Effect of poly(phenylene sulfide) homopolymer solubilization of PPS‐graft‐PET copolymer on morphology and crystallization behavior

The morphology and crystallization behavior of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends compatibilized with graft copolymers were investigated. PPS‐blend‐PET compositions were prepared in which the viscosity of the PPS phase was varied to assess the morphological implications. The dispersed‐phase particle size was influenced by the combined effects of the ratio of dispersed‐phase viscosity to continuous‐phase viscosity and reduced interfacial tension due to the addition of PPS‐graft‐PET copolymers to the blends. In the absence of graft copolymer, the finest dispersion of PET in a continuous phase of PPS was achieved when the viscosity ratio between blend components was nearly equal. As expected, PET particle sizes increased as the viscosity ratio diverged from unity. When graft copolymers were added to the blends, fine dispersions of PET were achieved despite large differences in the viscosities of PPS and PET homopolymers. The interfacial activity of the PPS‐graft‐PET copolymer appeared to be related to the molecular weight ratio of the PPS homopolymer to the PPS segment of the graft copolymer (M_H/M_A). With increasing solubilization of the PPS graft copolymer segment by the PPS homopolymer, the particle size of the PET dispersed phase decreased. In crystallization studies, the presence of the PPS phase increased the crystallization temperature of PET. The magnitude of the increase in the PET crystallization temperature coincided with the viscosity ratio and extent of the PPS homopolymer solubilization in the graft copolymer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 599–610, 2000