以金属有机骨架为牺牲模板制备MnO_x-CeO_2及其催化氧化甲苯性能

以均苯三甲酸合铈-金属有机骨架(Ce BTC-MOF)作为模板制备系列不同Mn含量的Mn O_x-Ce O_2催化剂,用于甲苯催化氧化。应用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2物理吸附-脱附、热重分析(TG)、元素分析(EA)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见漫反射(UV-vis)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,通过MOF模板法制备的复合氧化物具备棒状形貌、高度分散、高比表面积和纳米晶体颗粒等特征。Mn在引入MOF的过程中,一部分进入Ce O_2晶格形成固溶体,另一部分则分散在Ce O_2表面,且分散的Mn分为单层分散态和晶相态。其中,Ce O_2载体表面和Mn分散物之间的强相互作用是影响活性的重要因素。当表面分散的Mn低于单层分散阈值6.2%时,Mn以嵌入模型的形式与表面Ce O_2发生强相互作用,有效促进催化剂的还原从而提高活性;当表面分散的Mn超过单层分散阈值6.2%时,载体表面形成Mn_3O_4晶相结构,对活性无明显促进作用。     

以金属有机骨架为牺牲模板制备MnOx-CeO2及其催化氧化

以均苯三甲酸合铈-金属有机骨架(CeBTC-MOF)作为模板制备系列不同Mn含量的MnO_x-CeO₂催化剂,用于甲苯催化氧化。应用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂物理吸附-脱附、热重分析(TG)、元素分析(EA)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见漫反射(UV-vis)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,通过MOF模板法制备的复合氧化物具备棒状形貌、高度分散、高比表面积和纳米晶体颗粒等特征。Mn在引入MOF的过程中,一部分进入CeO₂晶格形成固溶体,另一部分则分散在CeO₂表面,且分散的Mn分为单层分散态和晶相态。其中,CeO₂载体表面和Mn分散物之间的强相互作用是影响活性的重要因素。当表面分散的Mn低于单层分散阈值6.2%时,Mn以嵌入模型的形式与表面CeO₂发生强相互作用,有效促进催化剂的还原从而提高活性;当表面分散的Mn超过单层分散阈值6.2%时,载体表面形成Mn₃O₄晶相结构,对活性无明显促进作用。     

丙烯酸酯共聚物表面活性剂/多异氰酸酯乳液的制备及表面施胶性能

以低分子量甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(MPEG350MA)和甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为单体,通过自由基聚合反应制得具有两亲结构的共聚物P(MPEGMA-co-BMA)。测得最佳单体比例下,P(MPEGMA-co-BMA-3)的表面张力为0.77 g/L。以P(MPEGMA-co-BMA)分散1,6-己二异氰酸酯三聚体(HDIT),制得HDI三聚体分散液(LHAHT分散液)。考察了共聚物P(MPEGMA-co-BMA)中亲疏水单体质量比[m(MPEGMA)/m(BMA)]对LHAHT分散液粒径、稳定性和施胶性能的影响。结果表明:[m(MPEGMA)/m(BMA)]为3/1时,LHAHT-3分散液的平均粒径为147.70nm、PDI指数为0.143、TSI为0.58,适用期为6.5 h。以100 g质量分数为10%的LHAHT-3分散液与350 g浓度为10%的聚乙烯醇(PVA1799)复配成1000 g施胶液对木浆原纸进行表面施胶,测得纸张耐折度为128次,抗张指数为55.32 Nm/g,纸张施胶度为26 s,纸张与水接触角为110.49°。     

联合载体用于改善白藜芦醇固体分散体性能

通过载体聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPk29/32)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),采用溶剂法制备白藜芦醇(Res)二元及三元固体分散体。 用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、调制式差示扫描量热(MDSC)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等技术手段来表征Res二元和三元固体分散体并考察其溶出度。 FTIR结果显示,Res与PVPk29/32及HPMC均存在氢键相互作用;溶出结果表明,二元和三元固体分散体均能提高药物的溶出度。 而XRD和MDSC结果表明,三元固体分散体的相容性优于二元固体分散体;3个月的加速实验(40 ℃,75%RH(relative humidity))中,XRD、MDSC及体外溶出结果表明,Res三元固体分散体的稳定性优于Res二元固体分散体。 HPMC的加入可以改善Res三元固体分散体的溶出及稳定性。     

微细导电粉体碘化亚铜在乙二醇中的分散性研究

研究了分散方法(球磨、高速剪切、起声波)、分散剂的种类(十二烷基苯磺酸、聚乙二醇、硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂)、分散剂的含量及分散时间对微细导电粉体碘化亚铜在乙二醇中分散性的影响。用SEM对其分散情况进行表征。并对其分散机理进行探讨及研究。结果表明。当采用球磨分散方法、分散荆为钛酸酯偶联剂。含量为1％。分散时间为8h可制得分散性良好的碘化亚铜／乙二醇体系。     

具有低表面能的改性淀粉纳米晶的制备

通过端异氰酸酯基与淀粉纳米晶表面的部分羟基反应,引入聚二甲基硅氧烷分子,制备表面能低、分散稳定的改性淀粉纳米晶。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1 H-NMR)、光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对其结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明,低表面能有机硅分子和二苯甲基二异氰酸酯反应到淀粉纳米晶上,其纳米颗粒粒径为50~100nm,分散均匀。此外,浸润性实验表明,改性淀粉纳米晶在水、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮中分散稳定。     

超临界流体色谱-紫外检测法同时测定混纺地毯中8种致敏性分散染料

建立了超临界流体色谱-紫外检测同时测定混纺地毯中分散黄1、分散黄49、分散黄9、分散橙37/76、分散红1、分散橙1、分散橙3和分散棕1共8种致敏性分散染料的分析方法。样品在70℃水浴中经甲醇超声萃取30 min后,以超临界态二氧化碳-甲醇(90∶10,v/v)为流动相,等度洗脱,在440 nm波长下检测。8种致敏性分散染料在12 min内即可实现分离,其在各自的线性范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)为0.999 2~0.999 8,方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.05~0.10 mg/L。用该方法分析8种致敏性分散染料,其峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于1.2%(n=5)。8种染料在实际样品中的加标回收率为95.6%~104.2%。该方法可以对混纺地毯等纺织品中8种致敏性分散染料进行检测,方法简便、快速、灵敏、选择性高、结果准确,能满足纺织品中致敏性分散染料的检测标准。     

用电子显微镜研究有机硅氧烷乳液粒子的方法

乳液乃是一种多相体系,其中有一种液体以液珠形式均匀地分散于一个不和它相混合的液体之中。对有机硅氧烷(即硅油)乳液而言,就是硅氧烷以液珠形式(也称分散相)分散于水(连续相)中。在有机硅氧烷乳液的制备和应用过程中,一个极其重要的问题就是乳液的稳定性。研究乳液稳定性的方法很多,但是稳定性在很大程度上取决于硅油分散情况,硅油分散得愈细、愈均匀,即硅油粒子愈小,粒径分布愈     

硫酸铵水溶液中丙烯酰胺与正离子单体的分散共聚研究

以硫酸铵(AS)水溶液为介质,进行丙烯酰胺(AM)与正离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)分散共聚合,制备出水溶性聚合物分散体.研究了盐浓度、分散稳定剂浓度及其分子量、单体浓度等对反应体系及分散体粒径的影响.结果表明,随着分散稳定剂的用量从6%增加到14%,分散体的平均粒径先下降,后又随之上升.分散稳定剂分子量越大,所得分散体的平均粒径越小.硫酸铵和单体的浓度对平均粒径和粒子形态等影响显著,只有在较小的范围内才能制备出粒径较均一的正离子型水溶性聚合物分散体;硫酸铵浓度越大,生成聚合物分子量越低.     

氧化钴在二氧化钛表面的单层分散及结构研究

利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)及扩展的X射线精细结构谱(EXAFS)对氧化钴在二氧化钛表面的分散及结构进行了系统研究。结果表明：氧化钴能够在二氧化钛表面实现单层分散,其分散阈值为每平方纳米的二氧化钛分布1．4个钴原子。当负载量小于分散阈值时,钴以二价存在并形成分立的钴氧六配位[CoO6];而当负载量大于分散阈值时,晶体Co3O4在二氧化钛表面形成,钴以两种形式存在,即分散态的钴氧六配位[CoO4]和晶态的Co3O4。实验还表明二氧化钛对二价钴具有明显的稳定作用。     

Polymer particle formation in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate

Equipment has been designed and assembled in such a way that direct microscopic observation of polymer particle formation in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate is possible. The apparent mode of transformation from monomer droplets into polymer particles has thus been studied under two sets of conditions: (1) with agitation and (2) without agitation. In both cases, as the initial vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride ratio was raised, the apparent change in the shape and transparency of particles occurring during the course of polymerization became less evident. In vinyl chloride homopolymerization and vinyl acetate–vinyl chloride copolymerization with relatively high vinyl chloride concentrations, the polymer particles burst during the course of polymerization. Some factors which affect the change in the size of particles are also discussed.     

Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and/or Poly(Vinyl Acetate) Particles with Spherical Morphology and Core-Shell Structure and its Use in Vascular Embolization

Poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, is the most frequently used material in embolization of tumors, aneurisms and arteriovenous malformations due to its low toxicity, good biocompatibility and desirable physical properties. It is well known that PVA particles cannot be prepared by direct polymerization of vinyl alcohol. Its synthesis is typically performed by the suspension polymerization of vinyl acetate to produce poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, followed by the saponification of the PVAc particles. This work shows that, using the suspension polymerization technique, it is possible to obtain spherical particles with a core-shell structure of PVA/PVAc with regular morphology, instead of particles with irregular shapes and sizes, as usually found in many commercial embolization products. Therefore, this work presents the production of PVA/PVAc spherical particles that can be used to occlude blood vessels, eliminating the disadvantages of commercial PVA. In vivo clinical tests with white “New Zealand” rabbits undergoing kidney inflammation reaction have shown that these spherical particles are much more efficient for vascular embolization.     

醋酸乙烯(VAc)的活性/可控自由基聚合

本文综述了醋酸乙烯(VAc)单体的活性/可控自由基聚合研究进展.醋酸乙烯是一种重要的单体,是生产聚醋酸乙烯(PVAc)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的原料.传统的自由基聚合方法如溶液、乳液、悬浮和分散等都可以用来实现VAc的聚合,得到不同分子量的PVAc和PVA.由于醋酸乙烯增长自由基的高活性,存在向聚合物链的链转移从而导致聚合物的分子量分布比较宽,为了得到分子量分布更窄的聚合物,活性可控聚合方法也被用来实现VAc的聚合.     

Poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite nanocomposite microspheres prepared by suspension polymerization and saponification

Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)–poly(vinyl alcohol)–montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite microspheres were prepared through suspension polymerization followed by the heterogeneous saponification. The effects of MMT on the polymerization rate and the saponification rate of PVAc were studied. It was found that the rate of polymerization decreased when MMT content was increased. However, the saponification rate of PVAc significantly increased in the presence of nanoclay particles. The XRD measurement illustrated that the clay particles are intercalated in the polymer matrix.     

悬浮法聚氯乙烯颗粒形成的研究

本文提出一个新的悬浮聚氯乙烯(PVC)颗粒形成的看法。在搅拌的剪应力作用下,氯乙烯(VC)以约1μ直径的小滴分散于水中。聚合作用在这些小滴中进行。当转化率达到约25％时,相互凝聚成约100μ直径的PVC粒子。这个形成的看法用悬浮PVC树脂的电子显微镜照片予以证实。同时,由文献资料的树脂比表面数据,也证明了这个形成看法的正确性。     

复合引发剂体系引发下氯乙烯悬浮聚合动力学模型及应用

在建立复合引发剂分解动力学模型的基础上,推导了复合引发剂体系引发下的氯乙烯(VC)悬浮聚合动力学模型.用模型预测不同温度、引发剂复合体系引发的氯乙烯聚合动力学与实验数据能较好地吻合.其中TxEHP,Tx99,Tx23和Tx36在51和57℃下的引发效率由单一引发剂引发的VC动力学数据计算     

偏氯乙烯悬浮聚合反应速率模型

通过实验研究了偏氯乙烯悬浮聚合反应动力学,比较了偏氯乙烯与氯乙烯聚合动力学行为的异同.在假定偏氯乙烯聚合反应发生在单体相和液固界面两个区域的基础上,提出了偏氯乙烯沉淀聚合反应速率模型.模型预测的转化率值几乎在全转化率范围内都与本文的偏氯乙烯悬浮聚合实验结果一致.     

Morphological change of thermosensitive imidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid)/poly(phenylethylmethacrylate) composite particles

Composite particles comprising poly(2‐phenylethyl methacrylate) (PPhEMA) and imidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid)s were prepared by suspension polymerization of 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide as an ionic liquid monomer with dissolved PPhEMA. Not only PPhEMA exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide but also the polymer blend in the bulk state exhibited LCST behavior. However, the composite polymer particles obtained after polymerization at 70°C maintained a homogeneous inner structure after heat treatment as the polymerization temperature was greater than the LCST in this system due to the formation of a cross‐linked structure during polymerization. When the composite particles were prepared by suspension polymerization at 30°C, their inner morphology changed from homogeneous to phase separated during the subsequent heat treatment. Moreover, the morphology transformation of the composite particles was dependent on the PPhEMA molecular weight. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SYNTHESIS OF MACROPOROUS TERPOLYMERS OF TRIALLYL ISOCYANURATE，DIVINYLBENZENE AND VINYL ACETATE

The reactivity ratios of the trinary system of triallyl isocyanurate,divinylbenzene and vinyl acetate wrere calculated from the Q and e values determined by other investigators.According to these ratios,the terpolymerization of these monomers was predicted possible and the polymerization was carried out by suspension polymerization with toluene and gasoline as extenders,forming spherical macroporous terpolymers.The influences of the amount of the extenders and the crosslinking degree on the pore propertities were studied.The result showed that under adequate reaction conditions,this polymerization system could produce macroporous copolymers with very high surface area(>1000m^2/g) which have never been obtained in other polymerization system using silimar polymerization technique.This was most probably caused by the formation of some linear or branched poly(vinyl acetate) during the polymerization process because of the poor copolymerizing ability of vinyl acetate.This linear or branched polymer acted as an extender and formed a trinary pore porducing reagent with toluene and gasoline.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯水溶性对其悬浮均聚动力学的影响

通过比较在大水油比下的甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)悬浮均聚的实验数据以及本体聚合实验结果 ,发现单体的水溶性对其聚合动力学有影响 ,不能用本体聚合动力学代替其悬浮聚合动力学 .为了能更好了解单体的水溶性对其悬浮聚合动力学的影响以及影响动力学的原因 ,在MMA本体聚合动力学模型基础上 ,进一步提出 3个假设 :扣除溶于水相部分的单体量、增长和终止速率参数降低、少部分的油溶性引发剂被带到水相中 ,得到改进的悬浮聚合动力学模型 .运用该模型能很好预测水油比、聚合温度、引发剂浓度等对MMA悬浮聚合动力学的影响 ,且与实验数据能较好吻合