微波辅助消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定烟草中的重金属

本文以微波辅助消解为样品前处理方法,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定烟草中Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Mn、Fe 7种重金属含量的分析方法。结果表明:该方法 Pb的检出限为2.00μg/L,其他元素检出限均小于0.90μg/L,回收率在86.1%~116.4%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.1%~8.1%范围。方法已成功用于部分国内外烟草中的重金属含量检测。     

不同样品前处理技术对同时测定土壤中铊和锑的影响

为了比较不同前处理方法对土壤中重金属铊和锑的同时提取能力,采用3种加热方法和8种消解体系的不同组合对4种标准土壤样品进行处理。实验探究了不同前处理方法并结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行检测,通过精密度和准确度的分析,优化了同时检测铊和锑两种重金属元素的最合适的样品前处理方法。研究结果表明,电热板加热HNO_3-HF体系和微波消解HNO_3-HF-HCl-HClO_4体系,结合ICP-MS能够更加准确的同时测定重金属铊和锑。将最适合的两种前处理方法分别用于4个实际样品的处理,结果表明上述两种不同的消解体系对土壤中铊和锑的提取能力基本一致。本研究方法可以同时准确的测定土壤样品中的铊和锑。     

ICP-OES测定金矿尾矿区优势植物中的重金属元素

研究了3种消解方法对测定金矿尾矿区优势植物中多种重金属元素的消解效果。采用电热板敞开消解、高压罐密闭消解和微波消解对秭归月亮包金矿尾矿区节节草、五节芒和蜈蚣草3种优势植物进行前处理,ICP-OES测定Cr,M n,Zn,Cu,Ni,Pb,M g,Al和Fe 9种重金属元素含量,实验结果表明,3种消解方法都能满足测定要求,其中微波消解法的准确度、精密度和回收率最好;高压罐密闭消解试剂用量少、元素损失少;电热板敞开消解法波动性较大,但适于大批量样品分析。在实际分析中,应根据样品量、重金属元素含量和结果准确度等要求选择合适的消解方法。检测结果表明,矿区的优势植物五节芒、节节草和蜈蚣草具有较强的重金属耐性。     

微波消解技术在农业样品分析中的应用

利用光纤压力自控密闭微波消解系统对土壤和植株样品中重金属元素测定的影响进行了研究，确立了样品消解试剂、微波消解每件及样品预处理方法。结果表明，该方法与常压湿法消解相比，具有样品消解时间短、消解试剂用量少、样品污染小等特点，是准确可靠的土壤及植株样品中重金属元素检测样品消解处理方法。     

测定土壤中重金属元素时前处理方法的改进

建立了一种微波消解前处理技术的半消解法消解样品,采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中主要重金属元素铜、锌、镉、砷、汞的方法,检测土壤标准物质GSS-3、GSS-5、GSS-20,结果显示测定均值在标准差允许范围内,相对标准偏差小于8.5%(n=4),是土壤重金属元素快速检测的可选方法。     

测定土壤中重金属元素时前处理方法的改进

建立了一种微波消解前处理技术的半消解法消解样品,采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中主要重金属元素铜、锌、镉、砷、汞的方法,检测土壤标准物质GSS-3、GSS-5、GSS-20,结果显示测定均值在标准差允许范围内,相对标准偏差小于8.5%(n=4),是土壤重金属元素快速检测的可选方法。     

空气中重金属元素的分析方法研究进展

综述了空气中重金属检测中样品的前处理方法(包括超声消解法、电热板消解法、微波消解法、全自动石墨消解法以及固体直接进样法等)和测定方法(包括原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、电化学法、生物传感器法等)的研究进展(引用文献54篇)。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测市售鱿鱼中5种重金属

基于硝酸消解体系,建立了微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定市售鱿鱼中铅、砷、镉、汞、铬5种重金属元素的检测方法。样品加入HNO₃进行微波消解,优化ICP-MS 相关检测参数后,进行外标法定量。结果表明,5种重金属在各自浓度范围内线性关系均＞0.999,平均回收率为96%-101%,精密度RSD均小于5%。用该法检测广州市农贸市场随机购买的6个批次冰鲜鱿鱼,结果有1个批次砷含量超标,1个批次镉含量超标。该法前处理简单,检测准确、快速,适用于鱿鱼等水产品中铅、砷、镉、汞、铬等重金属的检测。     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定有机颜料中重金属元素

颜料是一类具有装饰和保护双重作用的有色物质,通常是以细微粒子的分散形式应用于涂料、油墨、塑料、橡胶、纺织品、纸张、建材、搪瓷、食品用具等制品中。随着颜料工业的快速发展,颜料的质量安全问题不断显现,特别是颜料中重金属污染问题[1]。无机颜料中重金属检测的前处理方法一般采用湿法消解,而有机颜料难溶于水,无法采用湿法消解,采用干法消解又容易引起铅等元素的不确定性损失。本工作采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱     

不同前处理方法测定银锡焊料中3种重金属元素

选用银含量为3%、30%和70%的银锡焊料样品,分别经过三种不同前处理方法,采用硝酸、盐酸消解,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定锡铅合金中镉、铅、汞3种重金属元素含量。实验研究了不同前处理方法对银锡合金中重金属测定的影响。实验表明消解实验中的共沉淀现象会对3种重金属元素的测定产生不利的影响,回收率不能满足要求;采用硝酸消解,过滤残渣经王水消解的方法,镉、铅、汞的7次测定重复性相对标准偏差在2.7%～5.5%、加标回收率在85.6%～103%,能够满足RoHS测试要求。     

Heavy metals in lake water: a review on occurrence and analytical determination

Many lakes especially in Asia are source of livelihood for the surrounding communities. With increased urbanisation and industrialisation, however, these lakes are threatened with emerging environmental contaminants, including heavy metals. Some heavy metals are harmful to human health and the environment. This review aims to describe the different sampling, sample preparation and pretreatment, and instrumental methods of analysis for heavy metals in lake water. Filtration and acid digestion are common sample treatment methods used prior to analytical determination. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively-coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are typical analytical techniques but nowadays ICP-MS is frequently used. This review also describes the sources and extent of heavy metals contamination in different lakes. Although some lakes still have natural levels of heavy metals in the water, many have elevated concentrations due to anthropogenic sources, such as vehicular, household, agricultural, industrial and mining activities.     

Sample preparation methods for subsequent determination of metals and non-metals in crude oil—A review

In this review sample preparation strategies used for crude oil digestion in last ten years are discussed focusing on further metals and non-metals determination. One of the main challenges of proposed methods has been to overcome the difficulty to bring crude oil samples into solution, which should be compatible with analytical techniques used for element determination. On this aspect, this review summarizes the sample preparation methods for metals and non metals determination in crude oil including those based on wet digestion, combustion, emulsification, extraction, sample dilution with organic solvents, among others. Conventional methods related to wet digestion with concentrated acids or combustion are also covered, with special emphasis to closed systems. Trends in sample digestion, such as microwave-assisted digestion using diluted acids combined with high-efficiency decomposition systems are discussed. On the other hand, strategies based on sample dilution in organic solvents and procedures recommended for speciation analysis are reported as well as the use of direct analysis in view of the recent importance for crude oil field. A compilation concerning sample preparation for crude oil provided by official methods as well as certified reference materials available for accuracy evaluation is also presented and discussed.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的8种重金属元素

基于硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸消解体系,建立了马弗炉-微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的Cr、Cu、Ag、Mn、Fe、As、Ni、Pb等重金属含量测定方法。在微波消解的过程中,分别考察5种不同组合的混合酸体系及两种消解方法对荞麦秸秆中8种重金属测试结果的影响。实验结果表明,浓硝酸-浓盐酸-氢氟酸(6∶2∶2)混酸体系和马弗炉-微波消解样品前处理优于其他方法。在优化条件下,8种重金属加标回收率为91.2%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.22%~4.7%,检出限为0.18~9.41μg/L。方法操作简便、快速、准确,结果可靠,能同时测定荞麦秸秆中8种重金属元素。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定 荞麦秸秆中的重金属

基于硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸消解体系,建立马弗炉-微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的Cr、Cu、Ag、Mn、Fe、As、Ni、Pb等重金属含量测定方法。在微波消解的过程中,分别考察五种不同组合的混合酸体系及两种消解方法对荞麦秸秆中八种重金属测试结果的影响。实验结果表明浓硝酸-浓盐酸-氢氟酸（6:2:2）混酸体系和马弗炉-微波消解样品前处理优于其他方法。在优化条件下八种重金属加标回收率为91.16~102.12%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）为0.22% ~ 4.65%,检出限为0.18~9.41??g/L。该方法操作简便、快速、准确,结果可靠,同时测定荞麦秸秆中八种重金属。     

Recent applications of atomic spectroscopy coupled with magnetic solid-phase extraction techniques for heavy metal determination in environmental samples: A review

Atomic spectroscopy is the most popular approach to determine the presence of heavy metals in the environment. Heavy metals are potentially toxic and have various negative effects on many living organisms, including humans. With the rapid increase in the variety of industries and human activities, large amounts of heavy metals are released into the atmosphere, water, and soil. Heavy metal analysis of environmental samples is very important for determining the exposure limits. Environmental samples are highly complex matrices, and various sample preparation techniques have been developed for the extraction of heavy metals from them, including magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The use of MSPE in heavy metal analysis has recently gained significant attention owing to a number of advantages. MSPE technique overcomes main issues such as phase separation, handling, and column packing. The use of magnetic adsorbents in sample preparation has grown over the past few years, making MSPE a promising technique for sample preparation. The objective of this review article is to provide the latest applications of MSPE coupled with atomic spectroscopy for heavy metal determination in environmental samples. In addition, new magnetic adsorbents and their analytical merits are emphasized.     

国内城市大气 PM2.5中重金属污染研究进展*

对PM2.5样品采集和消解,PM2.5中重金属检测方法、来源分析方法以及风险评价常用方法进行了简单介绍,重点介绍了国内主要城市PM2.5样品中重金属污染情况、风险评价情况及研究工作不足之处。     

电镜-能谱仪在柳树叶重金属污染研究中的应用

采用自然干燥、化学处理、冷冻处理3种方法制备待测样本,运用扫描电镜和透射电镜结合X射线能谱仪研究柳树叶肉组织对重金属的累积状况,并定位到栅栏组织的细胞壁,为定性定量以及定位分析组织细胞固定、转移重金属污染探索合适的制样方法.结果表明:(1)重金属Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn在柳树叶肉组织被检测到,并已进入到细胞壁内,同时定量结果显示污染越严重,重金属累积量越多,证明了柳树叶对重金属污染的吸收能力;(2)通过综合比较,认为冷冻处理的样本比较适合进行植物组织微区的元素定性定量以及定位分析,因此推测冷冻制样加冷冻电镜的方法将会最为理想.     

Determination of metals in heavy oil residues by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

A method is proposed for the sample preparation of heavy oil residues characterized by viscosity of more than 700 mm²/sec at 100°C to study their elemental composition. It is shown that a wide range of elements can be determined in heavy oil residues by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (IC-AES) when the sample dissolved in an organic solvent is injected into the instrument. The optimal parameters for the determination of metals in heavy oil residues by ICP-AES are selected, including an organic solvent and the method of sample dilution. The results of elemental analysis of heavy residues of oils from Chernigovskoe, Shpakovskoe, and Samarskoe deposits are compared. The developed method for determining metals in heavy oil residues significantly reduces the analysis time and does not require complex sample preparation.     

生物样品中有毒重金属的快速检测与脱除技术研究进展

重金属在工业生产和生活实践中应用广泛,由其引发的中毒案件和事故时有发生。为了及时预防和治疗重金属中毒,亟需探究建立简便、快速的生物样品中重金属检测与脱除方法。然而由于生物样品的基质较为复杂,检测前通常需要繁琐的样品处理。近年来,固体进样等一系列技术迅速发展,在生物样品的快速直接分析中展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文详细评述了适用于生物样品中重金属的快速检测方法,总结了常用的生物体内重金属脱除技术,并对当前研究中的不足以及进一步的发展做了简要展望。