亚胺基二乙酸树脂对钬的吸附及机理

亚胺基二乙酸树脂 ( D40 1 )对钬 ( )的吸附在 p H=5.73时最佳。静态饱和吸附容量为 1 86.0 mg/ g(干树脂 ) ,用 2 .0 mol·L- 1HCl作解吸剂 ,解吸率为 96.0 % ,表观吸附速率常数 k2 98=2 .0 8× 1 0 - 5s- 1,表观吸附活化能 Ea=2 4.3 k J· mol- 1;等温吸附服从 Freundlich经验式 ;吸附热力学函数 ΔH0 =2 7.8k J·mol- 1;吸附机理表明D40 1功能基上的 O与 Ho3 + 发生配位键合 ,配位摩尔比约为 3 :1     

用大孔吸附树脂分离利血平

以利血平的吸附量和解吸率为指标,筛选大孔吸附树脂.研究吸附和解吸的优化条件,并考察选定树脂的吸附等温线、吸附动力学、吸附和解吸性能.结果表明,将催吐萝芙木根粉浸提液蒸去乙醇且不调pH(pH 1)进行吸附,HZ-818型大孔吸附树脂对利血平的吸附量可达到9.34mg/mL.使用工业乙醇-水(80:20,pH 1.0)为解吸剂,解吸率可达99.3%.该树脂的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程.吸附前期,吸附速度较快,以后速度减慢.HZ-818型树脂对利血平的吸附量大,解吸率高,通过大孔树脂吸附和解吸,利血平浓度提高50倍以上,适宜于工业化生产.     

离子交换树脂的选择及柠檬酸溶液循环使用研究

用离子交换树脂法吸附柠檬酸溶液中的金属离子,苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂的吸附性能较好,它对镍、铝离子的吸附容量均较大,且吸附前后柠檬酸溶液的浓度变化较小.静态条件下树脂对镍的吸附容量为16.83mg Ni/g干树脂,对铝为21.36mg Al/g干树脂;动态条件下树脂对镍的吸附容量为6.78mg Ni/g干树脂,对铝为31.8mgAl/g干树脂,吸附液流速为1m/h～3m/h.吸附后的柠檬酸溶液可循环使用.当用1mol/L硫酸解吸时,树脂对镍铝的解吸率可达90%以上.当硫酸中Ni2 为1.70mmol/L,Al3 为7.40mmol/L时,树脂的解吸率仍可达80%以上.     

大孔阳离子交换树脂对奈替米星的吸附研究

通过正交实验合成了9种大孔弱酸性阳离子交换树脂,筛选出具有最大动态饱和吸附量的FB-1树脂.采用红外光谱和热重分析的方法对其表征,并研究其对奈替米星的吸附及解吸性能,结果表明:该树脂对奈替米星的吸附符合Langrnuir吸附:用氨水做洗脱剂,0.3mol/L和0.4mol/L的氨水解吸率均达95%以上.FB-1与HD-2树脂比较:动态吸附量FB-1为398.0mg/mL湿树脂、HD-2为232.1mg/mL湿树脂;0.3mol/L氨水解吸,前者解吸率较后者高约15%.     

纳米Zr(OH)4及纳米ZrO2对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附行为

对纳米Zr(OH)4粉体及其在不同温度(350～600℃)下的煅烧产物静态吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的行为进行了研究,并考察了影响静态吸附以及解吸的因素.试验结果表明,煅烧温度越高,样品的吸附效果越差.除了600℃煅烧的样品吸附性能较差外,纳米Zr(OH)4和其它样品在溶液pH》3时对Cu(Ⅱ)有很好的吸附效果,吸附率均大于96%.在实验范围内,吸附量最高可达到26400μg/g.被吸附的Cu(Ⅱ)在低浓度的盐酸(《2.0mol/L)中即可较好的被洗脱,100℃时解吸率可达到96%,同时也有很好的富集效果.     

牛磺酸在大孔吸附树脂上的吸附-解吸行为研究

本文研究了S－8、D4020、NKA2、AB-8、D4006、NKA9、D3520、X－5等国产树脂对牛磺酸的吸附行为．S－8和D4020对牛磺酸的吸附能力较强,静态吸附容量在12mg／g以上．实验测定了28℃时牛磺酸在S－8和D4020上的吸附等温线,并研究了pH、盐析效应和温度对牛磺酸在S－8和D4020上吸附的影响,结果表明,温度对吸附影响很大．用80℃去离子水对吸附在树脂上的牛磺酸进行解吸,解吸率可达90％以上．     

转型TP207树脂从低浓度稀土溶液中富集稀土的研究

为实现从低浓度稀土溶液中高效富集稀土,通过动态吸附-解吸试验,研究了转型TP207树脂吸附稀土的规律。系统考察了离子交换线速度、吸附液体积、初始p H值、铝离子对树脂吸附稀土容量的影响,以及解吸液体积对稀土解吸率的影响。结果表明：在稀土浓度为1.65g·L^-1,离子交换线速度为3 cm·min^-1,吸附液体积为7.50 L,初始p H值为3.46的条件下,TP207树脂对稀土吸附量Q_n1=0.18 g·g^-1;稀土溶液中铝和稀土存在竞争吸附,当Al³⁺浓度为0.35 g·L^-1时,TP207树脂对稀土吸附量Q_n2降为0.11 g·g^-1;采用5%的稀HCl对饱和树脂进行解吸,在解吸液体积为0.525 L时,稀土解吸率可达99.45%;树脂吸附稀土过程属于阳离子交换反应,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,为单分子层吸附,树脂中C=O的O原子和C-N的N原子均参与配位反应。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化金银花中黄酮类物质的研究

比较了AB-8、S-8、NKA-9和D-101 4种大孔吸附树脂对金银花提取液中黄酮类物质的吸附及解吸附性能.在静态吸附试验基础上,筛选出效果较好的D-101树脂进行动态试验研究,结果表明,D-101树脂在30℃下对金银花黄酮类物质的静态吸附-动态解吸较优的工艺参数为:上样液pH值2.46,解吸液为95%乙醇,解吸液的流速为3mL/min,pH值11,4.5BV解吸液即可完全洗脱被树脂吸附的黄酮类物质,其解吸率高达98.00%.在试验研究范围内,树脂吸附金银花黄酮是自发性放热过程,并且符合Langmuir方程,此外树脂对黄酮的吸附动力学可用Pseudo-second-order模型较好地拟合,其表观吸附速率常数为Kso℃=3.43×10-2g/(mg·min).     

碧螺春绿茶对碱性染料灿烂绿的吸附

为了探讨碧螺春茶叶用于吸附灿烂绿的可能性,研究了碧螺春绿茶吸附灿烂绿的最佳吸附条件及解吸附条件。研究结果表明,在吸附条件为当溶液起始p H值为4.1,茶叶与灿烂绿质量比为833∶1,接触时间为45 min,室温(25±1)℃时,茶叶对灿烂绿吸附率达80%,吸附量为0.96 mg/g。对Na OH、CH_3COOH和HCl3种解吸附剂的研究表明,最佳解吸附剂是Na OH,解吸1.5 h解吸率最高达93.20%。该吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,属于单分子层吸附。吸附过程热力学参数自由能变化ΔG0,焓变ΔH=102.32 k J/mol0,熵变ΔS=0.33 k J/(mol·K)0,说明吸附过程是自发的吸热熵增过程。     

大孔树脂吸附黄酒中活性肽的研究

本文采用大孔树脂分离黄酒中的活性多肽,对5种大孔吸附树脂进行了筛选,并对筛选出的DA201-C树脂的吸附解吸条件进行了探究。结果表明:DA201-C具有最佳的吸附率和解吸率,并且在25℃能很好的符合langmuir等温吸附式和Freundlich方程。在上样浓度为3.2mg/mL,洗脱剂为70%乙醇,洗脱流速为1BV/h时,能达到最佳的分离效果,多肽的含量达到66.7%,纯化倍数为9.8。     

5A沸石在水溶液中对氯化十四烷基吡啶的吸附

表面活性剂在固液界面上的吸附作用是十分重要的课题,为此我们开展了这方面的研究^[1-3]。沸石结构规则,孔大小均匀,具有特殊的吸附性质。近年来由于作为合成洗涤剂助剂的三聚磷酸钠可使水质富营养化,故国内外都在研究洗涤剂的低磷化措施。     

Adsorption of Zinc and Cyanide from Cyanide Effluents on Anionic Ion-exchange Resin

The adsorption of zinc and cyanide from cyanide effluents onto strong and weak basic anion exchange resins was studied in a batch adsorption system. Factors influencing the adsorption rates such as resin selection, resin amounts, contact time and temperature were studied and scanning electron microscopy-energy disperse spectroscopy(SEM-EDS) was used in the analysis. The present study shows that the adsorption capacity of resin 201×7 is better than that of resin 301. The adsorption process was relatively fast and came to equilibrium after 60 min. The kinetic data were analyzed with three models and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to agree with the experimental data well. The equilibrium data could also be described well by Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change(ΔH⁰), free energy change(ΔG⁰) and entropy change(ΔS⁰) were calculated and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.     

气体超临界吸附研究进展

综述了近年来国内外学者对超临界气体在固体表面吸附的研究情况。指出了气体在临界温度以上吸附与临界温度以下吸附的不同之处;对现行的关于超临界气体的吸附理论研究进行了讨论,并在此基础上提出了研究中存在的总是及进一步的研究方向。     

Adsorption properties and mechanism of sepiolite to graphene oxide in aqueous solution

Graphene oxide (GO) is widely used in various fields such as improving the performance of cement-based materials and making composite materials due to its large specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. However, it has also caused water pollution. To remove GO in aqueous solution, sepiolite (SEP) was used to adsorb it. The effects of pH, adsorbent quality, GO concentration, temperature and adsorption time on the ability of SEP to adsorb GO were investigated. The materials were characterized by SAP and laser particle size analyzer, and the adsorption performance and mechanism of SEP for GO were further analyzed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS, AFM, and Zeta potential microscopic tests. The results showed that: 1) Under the conditions of temperature 303 K, pH = 3, adsorbent mass 30 mg, and initial concentration of GO 100 mg/L, the adsorption effect was the best, and the adsorption rate reached 94.8 %. 2) The adsorption reached equilibrium at 2160 min, and the adsorption process was more in line with the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic equation, and the adsorption behavior was controlled by chemical effects. 3) The adsorption of SEP to GO is more consistent with the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm model, and the reaction is a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-increasing process. Experiments showed that SEP had a strong adsorption capacity for GO, which provides a reference for the treatment of toxic GO in aqueous solution and the realization of water ecological protection.     

Removal of Thiram from Aqueous Solutions

In this study activated carbon was used for the removal of thiram from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of time, initial thiram concentration and temperature. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich and Langmuir equilibrium models in the studied concentration range. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo second‐order kinetic model rather than pseudo first‐order model. The results from kinetic experiments were used to describe the adsorption mechanism. Both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion played important role in the adsorption mechanism of thiram. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG₀, ΔH₀, and ΔS₀) were determined and the adsorption process was found to be an endothermic one. The negative values of ΔG⁰ at different temperatures were indicative of the spontaneity of the adsorption process.     

磷酸铝吸附除水中氟的研究

采用静态吸附法研究了比表面为308m2/g的无定形磷酸铝吸附除氟性能,研究了接触时间、pH值、吸附剂量等对吸附的影响。结果表明,磷酸铝吸附除氟高效、迅速,30min内可以接近最大吸附量。对含氟50mg/g的溶液,优化条件下的最大除氟率约93%。研究了吸附与溶液pH的关系,得到了优化pH值并解释了吸附机理。吸附的最佳pH值约为5.5。用拟二级动力学方程描述了吸附速率并计算了速率常数。用Langmuir方程拟合了吸附等温线,计算的饱和吸附量为53.5mg/g。吸附剂量对分配系数的影响表明吸附剂表面是不均匀的。     

Characterization of two single-wall carbon nanotubes samples by Ar and Kr adsorption isotherms

We investigated by Ar and Kr adsorption isotherm techniques for two kinds of carbon single-wall nanotube bundles prepared by different synthesis methods. Despite the difference in the adsorption capacity in the two samples, the adsorption mechanisms are similar, which indicates that the same adsorption sites are involved for Ar and Kr. We have already measured a similar difference in the adsorbed amount in these samples studied by a low-temperature heat-capacity technique, i.e., for the case of ⁴He as adsorbate. These results cannot be easily explained by only taking into account the topology of the bundles if all tubes are closed-ended. A larger spread of effective surface areas among different sources of samples is reported in the literature data.     

An isotherm equation for adsorption from binary liquid mixtures on solids involving surface heterogeneity and differences in molecular sizes of components and its numerical verification

An equation derived previously¹⁴ for adsorption from binary liquid mixtures composed of molecules of different sizes on heterogeneous solids has been reexamined. Verification of this equation by means of numerical simulation showed its applicability for describing the liquid adsorption onto weakly and strongly heterogeneous surfaces.

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Eine Isothermen-Gleichung für die Adsorption aus binären flüssigen Gemischen an heterogenen Oberflächen fester Körper unter Berücksichtigung der Differenzen in den Molekülgröen der Komponenten und ihre numerische Verifikation

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die früher¹⁴ abgeleitete Isothermen-Gleichung der Adsorption aus binären flüssigen Gemischen an heterogenen Oberflächen fester Körper abermals untersucht. Durch Computersimulation wurde gezeigt, daß diese Gleichung den obengenannten Prozeß, der sich sowohl an schwach wie auch an stark heterogenen Oberflächen vollzieht, gut beschreibt.

     

聚丙烯酰胺在硅胶表面上的吸附及其抑制的研究

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)具有强极性,对硅胶等极性固体表面具有强烈的吸附作用,陈九顺等用4％的NaCl水溶液为淋洗液和Adamson用0.1mol/L的吗啡啉水溶液为淋洗液虽能部分解决硅胶担体对PAM样品的吸附,但他们对吸附的实质问题未进行研究,PAM等高分子化合物在固体表面上的吸附问题的研究尚处于初级阶段。