气体超临界吸附研究进展

综述了近年来国内外学者对超临界气体在固体表面吸附的研究情况。指出了气体在临界温度以上吸附与临界温度以下吸附的不同之处;对现行的关于超临界气体的吸附理论研究进行了讨论,并在此基础上提出了研究中存在的总是及进一步的研究方向。     

酚醛型吸附树脂吸附VB12的热力学研究

研究了酚醛型附树脂JDW-2对VB12的吸附。在304-322K和研究的浓度范围内，JDW-2对VB12吸附平衡数据符合Freundilch吸附等温方程。Freundilich吸附等温线和等量吸附焓表明：JDW-2对VB12吸附是吸热过程。测试了VB12在JDW-2上的吸附焓、自由能和吸附熵，并对吸附行为作了合理解释。     

多组分气体吸附平衡理论研究进展*

关于多组分气体吸附平衡理论的研究之所以重要,一是因为其在分离技术中的应用前景,二是因为其尚不成熟。本文对临界温度以下多组分气体吸附平衡理论研究的进展、各种数学模型的特点及适用范围作了评述,并探讨了含超临界值组分的气体吸附平衡理论所面临的问题及其研究方向。     

聚丙烯酰胺在油砂上吸附量和吸附焓

聚合物在固-液界面上的吸附对石油开采和环境治理等方面都很重要。因此，前人在此方面已进行了不少研究[1-3]。然而，聚合物的吸附受温度、盐类、pH值等许多因素的影响。到目前为止，聚合物在固/液界面的吸附规律和机理仍是有待进一步研究和解决的问题，特别是对分子量很高的聚合物的研究很少。本文用静态法测定了S525聚丙烯酰胺在河南油田S312油砂上的吸附行为。研究了温度、不同盐对吸附的影响。     

大孔吸附树脂的吸附机理

大孔吸附树脂(macroprous adsorption resin, MAR)是近几十年发展起来的一种具有多孔立体结构、人工合成的有机高分子聚合物。由于其特殊的理化性质和吸附性能,已被广泛应用于化学、医药、环保和食品等领域。本文介绍了近年来国内外对大孔吸附树脂在吸附机理研究方面的进展,重点介绍了不同温度条件下大孔吸附树脂对靶标分子的吸附热力学行为模式,靶标分子在大孔吸附树脂表面及孔内的吸附扩散行为模式。此外,大孔吸附树脂性能参数和靶标分子结构参数之间构效关系也对其吸附选择性规律具有重要的影响。因此,大孔吸附树脂与底物间构效关系的匹配程度及其对选择性的影响是大孔吸附树脂分离理论研究的核心。本文最后介绍了可以准确客观描述吸附过程并具有一定使用范围的大孔吸附树脂吸附模型的建立和评价。     

微孔材料理论模拟的进展与展望

微孔材料是指孔径小于2 nm的多孔材料, 被广泛应用于非均相催化、吸附、分离、储气等先进工艺中. 按照组成结构分类, 由于这些材料在元素组成及结构特征上的多样性, 因此原则上能够合成的此类材料数目巨大. 仅通过实验手段无法有效地对这些具有潜在应用价值的材料进行研究. 随着计算机资源与数值计算方法的迅速发展, 理论计算方法研究微孔材料不仅可以提供分子水平上对材料特性的认知, 而且可以从微观尺度上揭示实验机理, 有利于建立结构与性能的对应关系, 从而推动新型微孔材料的设计与开发. 综述了近年来针对各种类型微孔材料的理论研究方法及最新的理论研究成果. 指出了理论方法在微孔材料研究进程中存在的主要问题、发展前景及今后的研究方向.     

间氨基酚在超高交联树脂上的吸附特征

研究了两种超高交联吸附树脂DA-01和DZH-04对间氨基酚的静态吸附热力学及动力学特征。结果表明,在295K~315K及研究的浓度范围内,Freundlich和Langmuir方程能够对静态吸附等温线进行很好的拟合,DA-01和DZH-04树脂对间氨基酚的吸附符合准一级动力学方程。两种树脂吸附间氨基酚的能力都比较强,用乙醇和2mol/LNaOH混合溶液(体积比1:1)洗脱,温度338K,DZH-04树脂的脱附率为99.50%,DA-01树脂的脱附率为75.36%。     

非水体系中磺酸铜型树脂对有机碱的配位吸附

研究了磺酸铜型树脂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷中对苯胺、N 甲基苯胺和N ,N 二甲基苯胺的吸附规律 ,并与水中的结果相对照 .树脂在正己烷中对苯胺等的吸附量最大 ,在乙醇、乙酸乙脂和水中依次减小 .在4种不同的介质中 ,树脂对苯胺的吸附均表现出相同的吸附选择性 ,即对苯胺的吸附亲合性最大 ,N ,N 二甲基苯胺最小 .在不同的介质中 ,树脂对苯胺的吸附基本符合Freundlich吸附方程 ,并计算了在不同介质中对苯胺吸附的吸附焓 .在水中 ,吸附速率最高 ,在乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷中 ,吸附速率依次降低     

吸附树脂的色层吸附及其在甜菊甙分离纯化中的应用

研究了ADS－7等吸附树脂对甜菊甙各组分的吸附选择性及色层吸附性能,发现ADS－7吸附树脂不仅在吸附甜菊甙时对各个组分呈现出一定的选择吸附顺序,在水洗时还有一定的选择洗脱顺序,这两个顺序正好相反。利用ADS－7吸对脂的这一色层性能,制备了富含甜度最高、味质最好的Rebaudioside A及几科不含色素的高品质甜菊甙,具有很好的实际应用意义。     

分形理论研究吸附过程的特性

本文介绍分形理论研究吸附过程的特性。着重讨论利用吸附质－分子探针－电化法实验技术，研究固－液吸附过程的分形结构，定义和求取吸附质粒子在吸附过程中运动轨道的吸附分维Ｄｗ。     

4A沸石从水溶液中吸附氯化十四烷基吡啶

4A沸石可部分或全部代替三聚磷酸钠,以减少合成洗涤剂对水质富营养化的影响,在硬水中使用也不致降低洗涤效力.本文研究了4A沸石在不同pH水溶液中和无机盐存在下对氯化十四烷基吡啶(TPC)的吸附作用,初步探讨了吸附机制.     

氢在A、X及ZSM-5型沸石上的高压物理吸附

The hydrogen adsorption properties and uptake capacities of the A, X and ZSM-5 types of zeolites were investigated at temperatures of 77, 195 and 293 K and pressures up to 7MPa, using a conventional volumetric adsorption apparatus. All hydrogen adsorption isotherms were basically type I, but the maximum in isotherm,a unique feature of supercritical adsorption, was observed at high pressures of 2-5 MPa at 77 K. The isosteric heats of adsorption were determined from the isotherms and the factors that influence their variations were discussed. Different types of zeolites exhibited remarkably different hydrogen uptake, based on both the framework structure and the nature of the cations present. The highest gravimetric storage capacity of 2.55wt% was obtained for NaX-type zeolite at 4 MPa and 77 K. In CaA, NaX and ZSM-5 types of zeolites,hydrogen uptakes were proportional to the specific surface areas, which were associated with the available void volumes of the zeolites. A threshold in hydrogen adsorption observed in NaA and KA was attributed to a pore blocking effect by large cations in KA. A ratio of the kinetic diameter of adsorbate to the effective opening diameter of zeolite was used to judge the blocking effect for physisorption.     

Cetylpyridinium Chloride as a Regulator in Paper Separation of 2,4‐Dichlorophenol and 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol in Water

2,4‐Dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP) by the use of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl) as a regulator was studied for their separation by the paper capillary permeation adsorption (PCPA) separation technique. The effect of pH, the type of PCPA treatment, the concentration of cetylpyridinium chloride, and various inorganic salts on the separatability has been investigated. A nearly 100% separatability was obtained at pH values 5–11 and 5–11, respectively, for 2,4‐dichlorophenol and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol when cetylpyridinium chloride was present. It was confirmed that 2,4‐dichlorophenol and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol are separated by adsorption on the fiber surface as ion pairs at the pH. Addition of inorganic salts decreases the separatability.     

高硅Y沸石的研制及吸附热力学性质

Ｙ沸石用ＬｉＣｌ溶液交换得ＬｉＮａＹ沸石,再经ＳｉＣｌ４气相同晶取代进行脱铝补硅,获得高结晶度的高硅Ｙ沸石,硅铝比可大于１００［１］．在脱铝过程中,随着硅铝比的升高其孔结构和表面性质均发生变化,直接关联到Ｙ沸石在炼油中的催化裂化性能．通过对不同大小、结?..     

Studies on polytetrafluoroethylene latices Part 3. Electrophoretic mobility in univalent electrolytes

The electrophoretic mobilities of particles of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), prepared by a dispersion polymerisation technique using a peroxyacid initiator, have been determined using a mass transport technique. Investigations were carried out as a function of sodium chloride concentration at pH 9 and as a function of pH in the presence of various salts, namely, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium thiocyanate. The particles were found to have a low surface charge density, consistent with the idea that sparsely distributed charged sites originated from initiator fragments leaving the major part of the surface in a hydrophobic condition. Below a pH of ca. 4.5 increases of mobility with decreasing pH were observed with chloride and thiocyanate as the anion. These were attributed to an anion adsorption process, dependent on thepKa of the surface groups, and a model for the process is described.     

水在NanZSM-5型分子筛中吸附的研究: 分子模拟

利用分子动力学(MD)模拟退火的方法和巨正则系综Monte Carlo模拟方法(GCMC)研究了水在NanZSM-5型分子筛中的吸附行为, 计算结果与文献中报道的实验结果吻合较好. 在此基础上, 进一步预测了水在不同硅铝比的NanZSM-5型分子筛中的吸附性质, 计算结果显示: 分子筛骨架上的硅铝比会显著影响水分子的吸附量和吸附等温线, 随着硅铝比的降低, 水的吸附量增加; 水分子的吸附位置是在钠离子和铝原子的周围, 平均每个钠离子周围吸附4个水分子, 而当水的吸附量增大时, 水分子与分子筛骨架上的氧原子之间发生了氢键作用; 在吸附量相同的条件下, 水的吸附热随着硅铝比的降低而升高.     

羧甲基纤维素钠和甲基纤维素在ZrO_2微粉上的吸附作用及其对悬浮体稳定性的影响

研究了ZrO2微粉自水中对羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和甲基纤维素（MC）的吸附作用及对ZrO2水悬浮作稳定性的影响．结果表明：（1）CMC的吸附等温线为Langmuir型,CMC可能以较为舒展的方式单层吸附于ZrO2。表面,由于有电性吸引作用在pH3．4时的极限吸附量较pH7．0时的略大;（2）MC的极限吸附量远大于CMC的,MC分子可能以线团状吸附,吸附层厚度可达14～56nm;（3）难较大浓度时MC比CMC更易于使ZrO2悬浮作稳定．     

Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption of methylene blue and remazol dyes onto steam-activated carbons developed from date pits

Steam-activated carbons DS2 and DS5 were prepared by gasifying 600 °C-date pits carbonization products with steam at 950 °C to burn-off = 20 and 50%, respectively. The textural properties of these carbons were determined from the nitrogen adsorption at ?196 °C. The chemistry of the carbon surface was determined from the surface pH and from neutralization of the surface carbon–oxygen groups of basic and acidic type. The kinetic and equilibrium adsorption of MB and RY on DS2 and DS5 was determined at 27 and 37 °C and at initial sorption solution pH 3–7.DS2 and DS5 have expanded surface area, large total pore volume and contain both micro and mesoporosity. They have on their surface basic and acidic groups of different strength and functionality. This enhanced the sorption of the cationic dye (MB) and of the anionic dye (RY). The adsorption of MB and RY on DS2 and DS5 involves intraparticle diffusion and followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The adsorption isotherms were applicable to the Langmuir isotherm and high monolayer capacities for MB and RY dyes were evaluated indicating the high efficiencies of the carbons for dye adsorption.     

氢在沸石上的吸附行为

应用基于Ono-Kondo格子理论得到的通用吸附等温方程, 通过分析氢在不同温度下, 在沸石NaX、CaA、NaA和ZSM-5上的吸附数据, 确定了氢的最大单层吸附容量. 并引入维里吸附方程, 由第二维里吸附系数和圆柱孔的Lennard-Jones(12-6)势模型计算了氢与沸石微孔壁面的作用势. 结果表明, 通用吸附等温方程可较好地描述氢在沸石上的超临界吸附行为, 拟合所得的氢在沸石上的最大单层吸附容量与吸附剂相关, 而与吸附温度无关. 圆柱孔作用势模型计算所得的氢分子在沸石上的吸附作用势与吸附热相近. 氢分子间的作用力表现为吸引力.     

Modeling of monolayer adsorption of hydrogen on ZSM‐5 zeolite by lattice density functional theory

The adsorption isotherms of hydrogen on microporous zeolite ZSM‐5, at supercritical conditions, have been modeled using the monolayer lattice density functional theory (LDFT) models, where the simple cubic lattice, face‐centered cubic lattice, body‐centered cubic lattice and tetragonal lattice structures are assumed for the arrangements of the adsorption sites inside pores based on the size and shape of the zeolite. The results indicate that the monolayer LDFT models appear to be effective in describing hydrogen adsorption on zeolite ZSM‐5 at supercritical conditions, and the calculated adsorption isotherms agree well with the experimental isotherms measured previously. The layer density of adsorbed phase is presented versus the bulk density and temperature. It is found that the densities of adsorbed phase on adsorbent surface are much higher than the bulk density for temperature range under study. However, in the core region, the layer densities are close to the bulk density. The monolayer adsorption is suitable for hydrogen on ZSM‐5 zeolite. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.