含Ce水滑石基复合氧化物对混合染料的光催化性能

将具有光催化活性的Ce O_2和锌锡水滑石进行复合,经焙烧得到光催化性能较高的Ce O_2/Zn O/Sn O_2复合氧化物。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射图谱(UV-Vis DRS)技术对样品的晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性能进行表征,并利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算样品的态密度,分析其电子能态结构。以甲基橙(MO)和亚甲基蓝(MB)的混合溶液(C_(MO)∶C_(MB)=1∶1)模拟染料废水,研究Ce O_2含量和焙烧温度对复合氧化物光催化降解混合染料的影响。结果表明:随着Ce O_2含量和焙烧温度的增加,复合氧化物的结晶度及对MO和MB的光催化活性得到增强;同时,复合氧化物对混合染料中MO的降解率优于MB。其中Ce O_2含量为20%,焙烧温度为700℃时的复合氧化物表现出最佳的光催化性能,对混合染料中MO和MB的降解率分别达到96.7%和95.0%。结合实验结果和理论计算,推测了混合染料中MO和MB的降解路径。     

g-C3N4/CaTi2O5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）和亚稳相钙钛氧化物（CaTi₂O₅）固相法制备C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及附带能谱分析仪（EDS）和N₂吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计（UV-Vis）测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C₃N₄与CaTi₂O₅物质的量之比（n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅）对C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明：相比纯C₃N₄和CaTi₂O₅样品,C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅=1：1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

以镁铝水滑石为前驱体制备复合氧化物催化丙酮气相缩合反应

采用共沉淀-恒温晶化法制备了系列镁铝水滑石(Mg-Al-LDH)样品,对镁铝水滑石在500 ℃焙烧得到镁铝复合氧化物(Mg-Al-LDO),采用IR、XRD、CO₂-TPD、SEM及N₂吸附-脱附等方法对Mg-Al-LDH和Mg-Al-LDO进行了表征。在温度250 ℃、液时空速1 h^-1条件下,采用固定床对镁铝复合氧化物催化剂对丙酮缩合反应的性能进行微反活性评价。研究结果表明,晶化时间与镁铝复合氧化物的弱碱性位和强碱性位的密度相关。丙酮缩聚反应的主要产物为异佛尔酮(IP)和异丙叉丙酮(MO),以及少量的异丙烯基丙酮、双丙酮醇,均三甲苯等。丙酮缩聚制备异佛尔酮的反应需要催化剂表面弱碱性位(S_w)与强碱性位(S_s)的协同作用,S_w与S_s需要匹配。晶化12 h得到的镁铝复合氧化物催化剂(LDO-12)的S_w/S_s=1.3,异佛尔酮(IP)选择性为65.3%,单程有效收率(IP+MO)为14.8%。     

溶剂热法合成Fe-CeO2与N-Fe-CeO2纳米粉体及其光催化性能

采用溶剂热法合成了不同Fe掺杂含量的Fe-CeO₂纳米粉体及不同氮源掺杂的N-10% Fe-CeO₂（n_Fe/（n_Fe+n_Ce）=10%）纳米粉体。利用TEM、XRD、XPS、Raman和UV-Vis等技术对其微观结构与形貌进行了表征,并通过降解亚甲基蓝溶液对其光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,Fe掺杂可以提高CeO₂的光催化性能,以10% Fe-CeO₂催化效率最高,对亚甲基蓝的降解率从纯CeO₂的67%提高到95%。而N的掺杂可调节10% Fe-CeO₂催化性能。以浓氨水为氮源的N-10% Fe-CeO₂（NH₃·H₂O-N-10% Fe-CeO₂）的降解率可进一步提高到97%,并且具有较好的稳定性,经5次循环使用,对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解率仍高达89%。CeO₂催化活性的提高主要由于掺杂Fe和N改变了CeO₂的晶体结构与能带结构,促进了光生电子与空穴的产生与催化反应。     

水滑石焙烧产物-镁铝复合氧化物表面性质的反相气相色谱研究

用共沉淀法制备的镁铝水滑石(Mg/Al物质的量比为3),经一定温度焙烧后,得到“笼”状结构的复合氧化物,并采用反相气相色谱法(IGC)对复合氧化物和混合氧化物(氧化镁和氧化铝)的表面性质进行了研究。实验测得一系列探针分子在复合氧化物和混合氧化物上的保留时间,可计算出其吸附热力学函数(吸附自由能(ΔG^?),吸附焓(ΔH^?),吸附熵(ΔS^?)),表面能色散组分(γ_S^d)及复合氧化物的表面酸碱参数(K_A,K_D),并探讨了探针分子在复合氧化物上的吸附机理。结果表明,探针分子进入复合氧化物的“笼”状结构后,可以减小温度对探针分子吸附过程的影响。此外,计算出复合氧化物的表面酸碱参数K_A=3.21及K_D=21.02,定量地表明镁铝复合氧化物是一种两性偏碱的材料。     

酵母菌模板法制备CeO2空心微球及其光催化性能

以酵母菌为生物模板辅助沉淀法制备了CeO₂空心微球。采用傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附等对样品进行了表征,结果表明,在600 ℃煅烧后得到了CeO₂空心微球,其形态与酵母菌一致为椭球体,球壳是由大小约为25 nm的CeO₂纳米颗粒组成,比表面积为22 m²·g^-1,远大于未用模板制备的CeO₂微粒的比表面积。通过紫外-可见漫反射测定,得到CeO₂空心微球的禁带宽度为3.03 eV,相比于相同条件下合成的无模板CeO₂禁带宽度(3.42 eV)明显减小。室温下用模拟太阳光照射降解酸性橙7(AO 7)对样品的光催化性能进行了测试,结果表明,在照射120 min之后降解率能达到96%以上,降解效果明显高于未使用模板的CeO₂微粒。对CeO₂空心微球的形成机理进行了分析。     

EDTA有效促进石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)光催化降解甲基橙

研究了在光照下,乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）的添加促进石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）光催化降解甲基橙（MO）.研究了H⁺和羧酸根负离子对光降解MO的影响.紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）研究表明,EDTA的加入并没有改变g-C₃N₄的电子结构和光电特性.EDTA的加入捕获了空穴（h⁺）,促进了光生e^-/h⁺对的分离,从而使光降解活性提高.证明了·O₂^-是光催化降解过程中的主要活性物种.基于上述研究结果,我们提出了一种可能的EDTA促进g-C₃N₄光催化降解MO的机理.这些结果为提高g-C₃N₄光催化降解水体中有机污染物的性能提供了一种新方法.     

CoOx改性TiO2光催化剂的制备、优化及其光催化分解水析氢性能研究

利用热分解法制备了不同掺杂量的CoO_x-TiO₂系列光催化剂, 并优化了制备方法。在用XRD、TEM和XPS等技术对催化剂表征的基础上，探讨了乙醇作为电子给体时CoO_x改性对P25-TiO₂光催化分解水析氢性能的影响。本文还利用连续瞬态电流-时间响应和循环伏安法等电化学方法，考察了CoO_x-TiO₂改性系列光催化剂光照条件下电流响应强度、起始光电响应特性差别及光催化析氢电位变化等光电化学性能。光催化性能实验结果表明，适当掺杂CoO_x(110～400 ℃焙烧时最佳掺杂量约为0.4wt% Co，500 ℃焙烧时最佳掺杂量约为0.6～0.8wt% Co)能够显著地提高TiO₂析氢光催化性能，产氢速率提高2个数量级。另外在适当温度下的热处理，能够改善催化剂光催化性能(最佳处理温度为300～400 ℃)。光电化学性能评价结果表明，适当掺杂CoO_x和适当温度下焙烧能在催化剂表面形成较多的析氢活性物种——含钴复合物，能有效增强催化剂光电流响应强度，并使得析氢光还原电位向有利于析氢方向位移。高含量掺杂CoO_x会在催化剂表面形成某种碳化物物种，大量含钴复合物活性中心的出现会降低光吸收效率，增加TiO₂表面光生电子-空穴复合率而使催化剂失去析氢光催化性能。     

超细CeM(M=Mg,Sr)Ox复合氧化物的性能研究

采用聚合物前驱体法首次合成了超细粒子CeM(M=Mg，Sr)O_x复合氧化物粉体。通过XRD、TEM、BET等技术对合成的粉体进行了表征，结果表明CeO₂与碱土金属形成的CeM(M=Mg，Sr)O_x新粉体材料比表面积为66～69 m²·g^-1，经800 ℃、1 000 ℃焙烧2 h后，粉体平均晶粒仍保持在10～20 nm，基本不发生团聚现象，具有较好的抗烧结能力。用甲烷催化燃烧为模型反应，发现该粉体催化剂具有很高的催化活性，优于单组分CeO₂。     

Fe2O3掺杂对WO3光催化降解有机染料X3B的影响

发展高效的可见光催化剂是太阳能化学利用的一个挑战. 本文采用简单的混合方法, 制备了WO₃和Fe₂O₃的混合物, 研究了该复合氧化物在H₂O₂存在下光催化降解有机染料X3B的活性. 实验表明, 催化剂的光催化活性与其煅烧温度和Fe₂O₃含量有关. 最佳煅烧温度和Fe₂O₃含量分别等于400 °C 和1.0% (w). 根据自由基捕获电子顺磁共振(EPR)波谱分析, 复合氧化物产生羟基自由基的量远高于Fe₂O₃和WO₃. 我们推测, 这种协同效应来源于WO₃和Fe₂O₃之间的电荷转移, 从而加快半导体光生载流子的分离和X3B的光催化降解.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.