Pt/Mg-Al-O催化剂上NOx的存储性能

 采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了不同Mg/Al比的Pt/Mg-Al-O催化剂,并用XRD和TPD等方法进行了表征. 考察了不同反应气氛对载体和催化剂上NOx存储性能的影响. 结果表明,NO2较NO更易被存储,Pt的催化作用加速了NO的氧化反应,提高了催化剂的存储能力. 在350 ℃下,NOx的存储能力随着Mg/Al比的增加而升高,Mg和Al之间存在着协同作用,Al的加入有利于NOx的存储. 低于300 ℃时,Al对NOx存储的促进作用更为显著. n(Mg)/n(Al)=3的催化剂在150~400 ℃间有较高的存储能力,且300 ℃下达到最大.     

磷钨酸“瓶中船”型催化剂的合成、表征及催化分解NOx性能

采用原位合成的方法 ,在微波辐射条件下制备了样品NH4PW-NaY,并通过FTIR、XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附等手段确认了该样品为磷钨酸铵(NH4PW)存在于NaY沸石超笼中的"瓶中船"型催化剂。通过NH4PW与NOx反应生成磷钨酸(HPW)的方式将NH4PW-NaY转化为HPW-NaY,并通过红外及红外吡啶吸附等表征手段证实了NaY沸石超笼中只含有磷钨酸的"瓶中船"型催化剂HPW-NaY被首次制备。随后研究了该催化剂对NOx的吸附-脱附性能,结果表明,在吸附温度为170℃时,HPW-NaY对浓度为1 696 mg.m-3的NOx吸附容量为2.38 mgNOx.gcat-1,在通水蒸汽条件下,催化剂温度降至100℃时所吸附的NOx发生脱附,脱附后的催化剂可重复使用。最后通过程序升温脱附-质谱(TPD-MS)研究了HPW-NaY对NOx的催化分解性能,结果发现NOx在以NaY沸石为载体的HPW上的分解过程中有O2产生,且氧的产生滞后于N2O及N2,HPW-NaY催化分解NOx的转化率及N2选择性分别为61%与75%,均高于单纯HPW催化剂。     

Ce对Al2O3负载钙钛矿催化剂结构及性能的影响

制备了LaMn0.7Cu0.3和La0.3Ce0.7Mn0.7Cu0.3钙钛矿型汽车尾气净化催化剂,研究了Ce对LaMn基催化剂及分散层材料γ-Al2O3结构与性能的影响.结果发现,添加6%的氧气可将分散层材料γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3相转变温度从800 ℃提高到1150 ℃,同时可使γ-Al2O3保持最大的比表面积.在LaMn/Cu催化活性材料中加入Ce,导致催化剂对HC, CO的氧化性能有一定程度的降低,但可明显改善催化剂对NOx的还原性能,其还原效率可达80%以上.在10%氧气的富氧条件下,在LaMn/Au催化材料中添加Ce,可使LaMn/Au活性层材料对NOx的还原效率达到40%以上. X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微观察的结果表明,添加Ce在一定程度上抑制了LaMn基催化活性材料钙钛矿结构的形成和析出,降低了LaMn材料的钙钛矿晶粒尺寸,使表面活性成分分布更加均匀.     

新型铁锰复合氧化物催化低温脱除NOx

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一系列铁锰复合氧化物催化剂, 利用X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂的活性相态进行研究, 并考察了铁锰摩尔比及焙烧温度对催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 该催化剂体系在低温(80-220 ℃)下选择性催化氨还原NOx反应中显示出优异的活性. 其中Fe(0.4)-MnOx(500)(即摩尔比n(Fe)/(n(Fe)+n(Mn))=0.4, 焙烧温度500 ℃)催化剂具有最佳低温催化活性, 在空速30000 h-1, 温度80 ℃的条件下, NOx转化效率达到90.6%, N2选择性达100%. Fe-MnOx复合氧化物催化剂中形成的Fe3Mn3O8晶相有利于促进NO氧化成NO2, 从而提高低温选择性催化还原的活性.     

Pd基催化剂上H2快速选择催化还原 NOx

 首次研究了 Pd 基催化剂上氢快速选择催化还原 NOx 反应 (快速 H2-SCR 反应). 结果表明, Pd/Al2O3 和 Pd/SiO2 催化剂表现出极高的活性, 在 200 oC 以上时 NOx 转化率可达 100%; 但 Pd/MgO 催化剂在整个考察温度范围均没有活性, 这表明载体对催化剂快速 H2-SCR 活性有决定性作用. 与常规 H2-SCR 反应相比, 快速 H2-SCR 反应明显提高了 NOx 的消除效率. 原位漫反射红外光谱结果表明, 快速 H2-SCR 反应活性的提高来源于加速生成的氨物种以及后续反应速率的加快.     

新型铁锰复合氧化物催化低温脱除NOx

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一系列铁锰复合氧化物催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂的活性相态进行研究,并考察了铁锰摩尔比及焙烧温度对催化性能的影响.结果表明,该催化剂体系征低温(80-220℃)下选择性催化氨还原NOx反应中显示出优异的活性.其中Fe(0.4)-MnOx(500)(即摩尔比n(Fe)/(n(Fe)+n(Mn))=0.4,焙烧温度500℃)催化剂具有最佳低温催化活性,在空速30000 h-1,温度80℃的条件下,NOx转化效率达到90.6%,N2 选择性达100%.Fe-MnOx复合氧化物催化剂中形成的Fe3Mn3O8晶相有利于促进NO氧化成NO2,从而提高低温选择性催化还原的活性.     

BaFeO_(3-x)与Cu-ZSM-5耦合催化剂的NO_x储存还原性能

为替代传统的贵金属基NOx储存还原(NSR)催化剂,本文设计并制备了不含贵金属的BaFeO3-x+CuZSM-5耦合催化剂,用于催化消除稀燃发动机尾气中的NOx.在稀燃阶段,NO在BaFeO3-x催化剂上发生了氧化和储存反应;在富燃阶段,从BaFeO3-x催化剂中脱附出来未能消除的NOx被置于其后的Cu-ZSM-5催化剂进一步催化消除.实验结果表明,BaFeO3-x+Cu-ZSM-5耦合催化剂的工作温度窗口被拓宽到250-400°C,同时NOx消除性能得到了显著提高:NOx转化率最高可达98%,N2选择性接近100%.     

K/LiCoO2的制备及其同时催化去除碳烟和NOx的性能研究

采用溶液燃烧法和浸渍法制备了铜铁矿结构的钴酸锂(LiCoO2)及其负载K的系列催化剂样品,并通过XRD、NOx-TPD、H2-TPR、程序升温反应等对其进行了结构表征与性能评价.结果表明LiCoO2是一种能有效同时去除碳烟(PM)和NOx的催化剂;K负载可提高其催化活性,其中10%K/LiCoO2具有最低的PM起燃温度(246℃)和最大NOx→N2转化率(35.9%);催化剂表面生成的O2-/O-活性氧物种以及较强的NOx吸附存储能力可能是K/LiCoO2催化活性提高的原因.     

新型铬锰复合氧化物低温选择性催化氨还原NOx

采用柠檬酸法合成了一系列铬锰复合氧化物催化剂,利用X射线衍射及X射线光电子能谱研究了催化剂活性相态,并考察了铬锰摩尔比对反应活性的影响. 结果表明,该体系在有氧条件下氨低温选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应中显示出优异的活性,其中Cr(0.4)-MnOx催化剂具有最佳低温催化活性,在空速 30 000 h-1和120 ℃条件下, NOx转化率达98.5%, N2选择性达100%. 在MnOx中添加Cr后形成了CrMn1.5O4晶相, 该相态在低温选择性催化还原NOx过程中起重要作用.     

CeO2-WO3复合氧化物催化剂的NH3-SCR反应机理

采用共沉淀法制备了新型CeO2-WO3复合氧化物催化剂,并用于氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NOx反应中.活性测试表明,在200～450℃ NOx转化率接近100%.采用程序升温脱附和原位漫反射红外光谱研究了该催化剂上的NH3-SCR反应机理.结果表明,该催化剂的主要活性位是CeO2,而WO3的加入大大提高了其表面...     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO with O2 over Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts

A series of Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used for catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2. The sample with the Ce doping concentration of Ce/Mn=1/3 and calcined at 300°C shows a superior activity for NO oxidation to NO2. On Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti catalyst, 58% NO conversion was obtained at 200°C and 85% NO conversion at 250°C with a GHSV of 41000 h-1, which was much higher than that over MnOx/TiO2 catalyst (48% at 250°C). Characterization results implied that the higher activity of Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti could be attributed to the enrichment of well-dispersed MnOx on the surface and the abundance of Mn3+ and Ti3+ species. The addition of Ce into MnOx/TiO2 could improve oxygen storage capacity and facilitate oxygen mobility of the catalyst as shown by PL and ESR, so that its activity for NO oxidation could be enhanced. The effect of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst activity was also investigated.     

Heterogeneous photocatalysis of methylene blue over titanate nanotubes: effect of adsorption

Titanate nanotubes were synthesized with hydrothermal reaction using TiO(2) and NaOH as the precursors and subsequent calcination at 400°C for 2h. The products were characterized with SEM and XRD. Adsorption and photocatalysis of methylene blue over titanate nanotubes and TiO(2) were investigated. The results indicated that titanate nanotubes exhibited a better photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in a simultaneous adsorption and photodegradation system than that in equilibrium adsorption followed by a photodegradation system, whereas TiO(2) showed no significant differences in photocatalytic activity in the two systems. The methylene blue overall removal efficiency over TNTs in the first system even exceeded that over TiO(2). The different catalytic performances of titanate nanotubes in the two systems were tentatively attributed to different effects of adsorption of methylene blue, i.e., the promoting effect in the former and the inhibition effect in the latter. Decantation experiments showed that the titanate nanotube photocatalyst could be easily separated from the reaction medium by sedimentation. Thus titanate nanotubes with high sedimentation rates and concurrent adsorption represent a new catalyst system with a strong potential for commercial applications.     

TiO_2-Supported Binary Metal Oxide Catalysts for Low-temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x with NH_3

Binary metal oxide（MnOx-A/TiO2）catalysts were prepared by adding the second metal to manganese oxides supported on titanium dioxide（TiO2）,where,A indicates Fe2O3,WO3,MoO3,and Cr2O3.Their catalytic activity,N2 selectivity,and SO2 poisonous tolerance were investigated.The catalytic performance at low temperatures decreased in the following order：Mn-W/TiO2〉Mn-Fe/TiO2〉Mn-Cr/TiO2〉Mn-Mo/TiO2,whereas the N2 selectivity decreased in the order：Mn-Fe/TiO2〉Mn-W/TiO2〉Mn-Mo/TiO2〉Mn-Cr/TiO2.In the presence of 0.01%SO2 and 6%H2O,the NOx conversions in the presence of Mn-W/TiO2,Mn-Fe/TiO2,or Mn-Mo/TiO2 maintain 98.5%,95.8%and 94.2%, respectively,after 8 h at 120°C at GHSV 12600 h？ 1 .As effective promoters,WO3 and Fe2O3 can increase N2 selectivity and the resistance to SO2 of MnOx/TiO2 significantly.The Fourier transform infrared（FTIR）spectra of NH3 over WO3 show the presence of Lewis acid sites.The results suggest that WO3 is the best promoter of MnOx/TiO2,and Mn-W/TiO2 is one of the most active catalysts for the low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3.     

CeO2/ACF的低温SCR烟气脱硝性能研究

在氧存在下以NH3为还原剂的选择性催化还原烟气NOX技术（SCR）已经工程化。工业中常用的催化剂，主要是V2O5／TiO2或V2O5-WO3／TiO2，在300℃～400℃表现出高的NOX脱除率。为此，选择性催化还原法（SCR）装置须安装在空气预热器之前和省煤器之后，以利用过程的烟气温度。但这里存在的高浓度粉尘和SO2容易引起催化剂中毒和使用寿命减少，因此，研究开发低温运行（〈300℃）的SCR催化剂，使催化反应器能布置在除尘或／和脱硫之后，具有重要意义。同时烟道废气的温度会因生产装置负荷的变化而有较大的波动，这就要求催化剂具有较宽的高活性温度区间。     

H2O和SO2对Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响

为了提高MNO_x/TiO₂催化剂催化氧化NO的活性,在载体TiO₂上负载醋酸锰的同时掺杂了一定量的硝酸铈,构成了Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂,并对催化剂进行XRD、BET和XPS等表征。重点考察了H₂O和SO₂对催化剂活性的影响,通过FT-IR、SEM和BET等表征手段对毒化前后的催化剂组成及结构进行了分析。结果表明,Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂具有较好的活性,在空速41 000 h^-1、NO体积分数为300×10^-6及O₂含量10%的条件下,反应温度200℃时NO转化率可达58%,250℃时NO转化率达到最高值85%。单独加入4%H₂O使得催化剂活性降低,升高反应温度,H₂O对催化剂的影响减弱;同时通入4%H₂O和100×10^-6SO₂,在反应温度250℃时,NO转化率下降并维持在48%左右,停止通入后恢复到61%。H₂O和SO₂使催化剂活性物种硫酸盐化失活。     

V2O5-CuO/TiO2催化剂中低温选择性催化NOx还原研究

浸渍法制备了一系列V₂O₅-CuO/TiO₂催化剂,考察中低温(200~300℃)条件下,以氨为还原剂选择性催化还原NO_x的活性,并利用比表面积及微孔孔隙分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行微观表征和分析。结果表明,500℃焙烧的2V16Cu/TiO₂催化剂展示了最佳的中低温催化活性和较宽的活性温度范围,在空速6.0×10⁴ h^-1、225℃条件下,NO_x转化率达97.3%,250℃时达到100%,温度升至300℃,催化活性仍保持在100%。XRD结果表明,随着Cu负载量的增加,逐渐显现CuO的特征峰。结合活性评价数据说明,CuO是VCu/TiO₂催化剂的主要活性组分之一,是降低SCR催化反应温度的重要因素。BET结果表明,CuO的负载对钒钛催化剂的表面结构有较大影响。耐硫性实验结果表明,添加钒氧化物制备的2V16Cu/TiO₂催化剂的抗硫性能有所改善。     

低温等离子体与MnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3协同催化降解正己醛

研究了在低温等离子体和催化剂共同作用下低浓度正己醛的降解反应.结果表明,等离子体与γ-Al2O3之间产生了很好的催化协同作用,在低放电功率(2.8W)和低温(80℃)下,干燥空气气氛中,γ-Al2O3对0.12%正己醛的去除率为87.1%;当γ-Al2O3负载7.5%MnOx后,正己醛去除率达到96.5%,其效果与Pt/γ-Al2O3相当.7.5%MnOx/γ-Al2O3在实验条件下连续使用50h,其催化活性未见下降.     

Performance and Kinetics Studies on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over MnOx-WO3/TiO2 Catalyst

The catalytic activities of MnOx-WO3/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH3 were investigated in a wide range of temperature and reaction condition.It yielded a NOx conversion of 80.3%-99.6% and a N2 product selectivity of 100%-98.7% during 100 °C to 350 °C at gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)=18900 h-1.In the presence of 0.01% SO2 and 6% H2O at 120 °C,the NOx conversion can maintain 98.5%.At 300 °C and with 0.07% SO2 in reactant stream,the NOx conversion stabilized at 99% as high as the commercial V-W/TiO2 catalyst's level.The steady-state kinetics study shows that O2 played a promoting role.In the presence of less than 1.5% O2,NOx conversion can increase sharply with the increase of O2 concentration.The reaction order was zero with respect to NH3 and first with respect to NO with excess O2 and H2O.The kinetics active energy(Ea) of Mn-W/TiO2 was calculated to be 6.24 kJ/mol according to the kinetic experiment at various temperatures,much lower than those of other catalysts reported in the literature.Mn-W/TiO2 is an excellent catalyst for SCR of NO with NH3 by now.     

室温MnO_x上O_3氧化脱除空气中甲醛

采用氧化还原法制备了MnOx催化剂,X射线衍射结果表明其主要为无定形结构.在甲醛和臭氧浓度分别为137和642mg/m3,相对湿度为56%(25oC),GHSV为2×105h-1条件下,MnOx催化剂上O3可将甲醛全部氧化为CO2,反应150min内甲醛转化率和CO2选择性一直保持在～100%.另外,当臭氧与甲醛的摩尔比约为2:3,即显著低于化学计量比时,CO2选择性仍可达～100%.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪在线分析了甲醛氧化反应产物,未检测到任何副产物,从而确认了MnOx催化剂上O3对甲醛的完全氧化.     

Reversible storage of molecular hydrogen by sorption into multilayered TiO2 nanotubes

The sorption of hydrogen between the layers of the multilayered wall of nanotubular TiO2 was studied in the temperature range of -195 to 200 degrees C and at pressures of 0 to 6 bar. Hydrogen can intercalate between layers in the walls of TiO2 nanotubes forming host-guest compounds TiO2 x xH2, where x < or = 1.5 and decreases at higher temperatures. The rate of hydrogen incorporation increases with temperature and the characteristic time for hydrogen sorption in TiO2 nanotubes is several hours at 100 degrees C. The rate of intercalate formation is limited by the diffusion of molecular hydrogen inside the multilayered walls of the TiO2 nanotube. 1H NMR-MAS and XRD data confirm the incorporation of hydrogen between the layers in the walls of TiO2 nanotubes. The nature and possible applications of the observed intercalates are considered.