Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠神经视网膜组织中差异蛋白质分析

以高脂饮食联合小剂量链脲菌素(Streptozotocin, STZ ) 注射方法诱导大鼠II型糖尿病 (T2DM) 模型为研究对象, 采用比较蛋白质组学技术鉴定和分析早期糖尿病神经视网膜差异表达蛋白.通过联用液氮内研磨、冰浴超声、高速离心提取全蛋白技术,提取每只大鼠神经视网膜全蛋白质总量约900 μg.采用双向凝胶电泳(2-DE) 分离技术,获得2500个以上可辩认的蛋白质斑点.通过蛋白质组学比对技术筛选出糖尿病状态下神经视网膜差异表达蛋白,用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间串联质谱 (MALDI-TOF- MS/MS) 和肽质量指纹图谱 (PMF) 鉴定出20个差异蛋白点.按照Gene Ontology (GO)分类体系,对差异蛋白归类分析,揭示其亚细胞定位和分子功能.应用Pathway Studio软件对差异表达蛋白的生物学意义进行分析,认为凋亡是早期糖尿病视网膜病变(Diabetic retinopathy,DR) 重要的细胞事件;AnnexinΙ、CRYAB、mtHsp70蛋白是与病理过程相关的关键蛋白,对研究DR致病机制有重要意义.     

515例急性淋巴细胞白血病的免疫分型

用抗人白细胞分化抗原单克隆抗体对515例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者进行了免疫分型诊断,区分出T细胞型(T-ALL)和非T细胞型(Non-T-ALL)白血病,后者又分为普通型(C-ALL)、无标志型(Null-ALL)以及B细胞型(B-ALL)等主要亚型,T细胞及非T细胞型白血病细胞根据其表型特点又可进一步划分。本研究所观察到ALL细胞表型基本反映正常T或B淋巴细胞亚群分化阶段或某些类型细胞的表型特征,急性淋巴白血病免疫分型不仅有助于判断白血病细胞的来源,与FAB分型方法配合使用还可以大大提高对白血病的诊断准确率。同时,分型结果显示出与临床表现、治疗反应以及预后转归有一定的相关性。本文对中国急性淋巴患者的发病特点也进行了探讨。     

应用蛋白质组学技术初步分析HeLa细胞饥饿诱导的自噬相关蛋白

应用双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)结合质谱技术研究饥饿诱导自噬的HeLa细胞(实验组)与正常培养的HeLa细胞(对照组)的差异表达蛋白质。结果显示对照组样本的2-DE图谱检测到1253±100个蛋白斑点,实验组样本检测到1216±125个蛋白斑点,二者主要斑点的位置与数量基本一致。对差异表达蛋白进行质谱分析,首次发现前折叠素2,转胶蛋白2,乳腺癌扩增序列2和Annexin A3在自噬细胞中表达上调,提示这4种蛋白可能参与饥饿诱导的细胞自噬。本研究为自噬的机制初步提供了线索。     

基因分析在急性白血病分型中应用的基础研究

本文应用分子杂交技术,从DNA和RNA水平探讨了一些细胞谱性相关基因在急性白血病分型中应用的可能性及意义。研究系统分析了免疫球蛋白重链(JH)和T细胞抗原受体β链(Tβ)基因重排以及Tβ,CD_3ε和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)基因mRNA产物与各型急性白血病的相互关系。结果表明,上述各基因的重排或表达均是和急性白血病细胞谱系相关的早期标志。将基因分析应用于临床急性白血病分型将可弥补现有分型手段的不足,提高急性白血病分型的精确性。     

应用毒理蛋白质组学技术研究多环芳烃类物质诱导气道上皮细胞毒理作用的机制

为了更好地理解苯并芘(Benzo(a)pyrene, B(a)P)在气道细胞诱导的毒理作用机制. 应用二维凝胶电泳(two-dimensional electrophoresis, 2-DE)分离B(a)P处理组(B(a)P-A549)、对照组(DMSO-A549)的总蛋白质, 图像分析识别差异表达的蛋白质点, 基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)鉴定差异蛋白质点, Western blot验证差异蛋白热激蛋白27 (heat shock protein 27, HSP 27)以及锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn superoxide dismutase, Mn SOD)的表达, 使用0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L B(a)P处理A549细胞, 应用Western blot及RT-PCR检测各组细胞中Mn SOD的表达, 检测各组细胞中总抗氧化活性(total antioxidant capacity)、总SOD活性(total activity of SOD)、过氧化氢酶活性(catalase activity, CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性(glutathione reductase, Gr). 本研究首先建立了B(a)P处理组、对照组的2-DE 图谱, 质谱鉴定了23个差异蛋白质, Western blot 证实HSP 27及Mn SOD的表达水平在B(a)P处理组中较对照组明显下调|使用0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L B(a)P处理A549细胞后, 发现随着B(a)P的浓度升高, 虽然Mn SOD的表达及SOD活性出现先诱导后抑制的现象, 但CAT及Gr活性的增高依然提高了机体的总抗氧化活性. 研究结果提示: HSP 27及Mn SOD 与B(a)P在气道细胞诱导的毒理作用相关, CAT及Gr在对抗B(a)P带来的氧化损伤方面可能具有十分重要的作用.     

利用原子力显微镜探测人正常与慢性淋巴白血病外周血B淋巴细胞

采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法得到人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),并结合磁珠分选的方法进一步纯化得到正常B淋巴细胞,探索了正常和肿瘤B淋巴细胞之间的差异。通过应用具有高分辨率的原子力显微镜(AFM)对正常人和慢性淋巴白血病人外周血B淋巴细胞进行成像,并对这两种B淋巴细胞的高度、直径、体积及膜表面的颗粒平均高度、平均粗糙度和颗粒分布进行测量,对比观察两组细胞膜表面宏观和纳米结构的变化。结果表明,慢性淋巴白血病B淋巴细胞比正常的B淋巴细胞高大,细胞膜表面颗粒更大且细胞膜粗糙。此外,对这两组淋巴细胞进行了机械性质方面的测量和统计,结果发现慢性淋巴白血病B淋巴细胞粘附力(524.1±160.0)pN比正常B淋巴细胞粘附力(1091±260)pN约小1倍,且癌变的B淋巴细胞硬度明显比正常的小。当正常细胞癌变时,细胞的形貌、超微结构及骨架会发生一定的改变。实验证明应用AFM可在形态学和机械性质上明显区别正常和慢性淋巴白血病B淋巴细胞,为临床诊断慢性淋巴白血病提供新的技术手段。     

拟南芥和甜菜夜蛾相互作用的差异蛋白分析

以甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thanliana)作为研究体系, 应用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2-DE)分析了在甜菜夜蛾取食诱导条件下拟南芥蛋白表达的差异, 从蛋白质水平揭示昆虫取食诱导条件下植物的化学防御机制. 结果发现, 在昆虫取食诱导条件下, 有28个蛋白发生显著变化, 其中17个蛋白点上调表达, 11个蛋白点下调表达. 利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对差异蛋白进行了鉴定, 结果发现转酮酶、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶、二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶和脂肪酸合成酶在植物诱导化学防御中具有重要的作用, 其中脂肪酸合成酶与茉莉酸代谢通路相关.     

顺铂对卵巢癌COC1细胞总蛋白表达的影响研究

对卵巢癌COC1细胞进行体外培养, 当培养至10⁹/mL浓度时裂解细胞, 获得细胞总蛋白, 利用二维电泳对顺铂诱导前后的细胞内总蛋白质进行分离, 利用PDQuest 7.1.1专业分析软件对二维凝胶图谱进行差异比较, 利用基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)进行质量分析, 最后进行生物信息学检索, 以寻找卵巢癌细胞发生、发展和凋亡的分子标记物. 经二维电泳图谱和质谱分析, 鉴定了11种蛋白, 4种蛋白表达量有差异, 7种蛋白在诱导前后表现为有和无的关系. 有5种是“分子伴侣”蛋白, 有4种蛋白与人体能量代谢有关. 蛋白功能分析提示卵巢癌细胞的蛋白质组表达存在差异, 这些差异蛋白对于寻找卵巢癌生物标志物, 开发新药提供很好的理论依据.     

单细胞激光拉曼光谱检测重组大肠杆菌细胞表达甲酸脱氢酶

甲酸脱氢酶(FDH,EC1.2.1.2)在工业生产中有重要的应用价值,工业上应用的FDH可以通过构建高水平表达重组FDH蛋白的基因工程菌生产,用分子生物学的方法检测重组蛋白的高效表达和积累操作繁杂,耗时耗力且需要破碎细胞。为了寻找一种简单快速,不需破碎细胞,且能实时检测FDH重组蛋白在基因工程菌中表达情况的方法,本研究应用单细胞激光拉曼光谱分析技术(LTRS),研究IPTG诱导不同时间后甲酸脱氢酶重组蛋白(FDH)在大肠杆菌细胞中的表达水平。结果表明,FDH的特征峰1004,1355,1455和1667cm-1随着IPTG诱导时间的延长而增强,说明在诱导培养过程中FDH重组蛋白在重组大肠杆菌细胞中表达并积累,这4个峰强的增加值所反映的FDH表达量与SDS-PAGE电泳分析结果一致。实验结果证明,LTRS是快速有效检测单个大肠杆菌活细胞体内重组FDH实时表达的一种非入侵方法。     

新型靛玉红衍生物的合成及其对急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞增殖、周期和凋亡的影响

急性髓细胞白血病是一种血液系统的恶性疾病,严重危害人类生命健康,目前尚无低毒、高效的治疗药物.靛玉红是我国传统中药青黛的有效成分,具有一定的抗白血病活性,但其水溶性差及造成的生物利用度较低,严重影响其临床应用.为了提高靛玉红的水溶性,进一步增强其抗白血病功效,在靛玉红结构中引入亲水性的胺基侧链,设计并合成了五个结构新颖的靛玉红衍生物,其结构经HRMS、~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR确证.同时,采用CCK-8法测试目标产物对急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞的体外抑制作用.结果表明,四个靛玉红衍生物具有显著的抗HL-60细胞增殖的活性,其中,化合物N1-(2-二甲氨基乙基)靛玉红(5a)的活性最强,其IC_(50)值为(3.564±0.211)μmol/L.流式细胞术和Hoechst33342染色实验显示,化合物5a能够显著诱导HL-60细胞周期阻滞和凋亡.此外,化合物5a还能影响细胞周期和凋亡相关蛋白的表达.综上研究表明,化合物5a是一个具有深入研究价值的抗白血病先导化合物.     

Enhanced radiation-induced cell killing by Herbimycin A pre-treatment

Herbimycin A (HA), as in Geldanamycin, binds to conserved pockets of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and inhibits its chaperone functions. Hsp90 plays an integral role in cancer cell growth and survival, because it maintains the stability of several key proteins by its chaperone's activity. It is known that some of the proteins associated with radiation responses are functionally stabilized by Hsp90. In this study, we investigated the effect of HA on radiosensitivity in human cancer cells and the mechanism related to the sensitization. In order to gain a mechanistic insight of this sensitization, we examined repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in irradiated human cancer cells pre-treated with HA, as unrepaired DSBs are thought to be the main cause of radiation-induced cell death. Cellular radiosensitivity was determined by clonogenic assay, and the DSB rejoining kinetics was examined by constant field gel electrophoresis. SQ-5, a lung squamous carcinoma cell line, showed synergistic increase in radiosensitivity when cells were pre-treated with HA. In addition, HA significantly inhibited repair of radiation-induced DSBs. These results suggest that the combination of HA and ionizing radiation may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating certain cancer cells.     

Analysis of expression and comparative profile of normal placental tissue proteins and those in preeclampsia patients using proteomic approaches

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex and serious condition of pregnancy. Trophoblasts in human placenta can be separated and collected by laser capture micro-dissection (LCM). Protein in trophoblasts have been extracted and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), finally 962 unique proteins are identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Comparison of differential expressed proteins in normal and those in PE are investigated. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and MS were used to identify differential expressed proteins. 13 differential expressed proteins include signal transduction protein, molecular chaperone, cell skeleton proteins are identified, in which 3 proteins are down-regulated and 10 proteins are up-regulated. They might be correlated with the cause of PE.     

Differential Proteomic Analysis of Endometriosis

Differential proteins expressing in ectopic and eutopic endometria were investigated by means of proteomic analysis. Five patients in secretary phase were diagnosed as endometriosis by laparoscopy. The five ectopic endometria(two at stage Ⅱ, two at stage Ⅲ and one at stage IV) and five eutopic endometria were surgically excised. One-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to screen and identify differential proteins. Three differential bands in one-dimensional electrophoresis were resolved by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry and 14 up-regulated proteins were identified, including collagen α-1, α-2, α-3(VI), α-1(XIV) chain, actin, annexin A2, EMILIN-1, ferritin light polypeptide variant, fucosyltransferase 10, myosin-9, protein S100-A9, KIAA1783 protein, and two hypothetical proteins. Our data provides a list of potential biomarkers for endometriosis. The identifications may be used to develop new diagnoses for endometriosis.     

在镉盐胁迫下用蛋白质组学技术筛选与鉴定海兔亚口腔神经节的差异蛋白质

以蓝斑背肛海兔(Notarcus leachii cirrosus Stimpson, NLCS)的口腔神经节(Buccal ganglion, BG)为研究对象, 按BG形态对称性, 解剖成亚BG(sub-BG, SBG), 并分为左SBG和右SBG, 简称为LSBG和RSBG. 用双向凝胶电泳(2D-PAGE)技术优化分离LSBG和RSBG全蛋白质, 并采用蛋白质组学和数据库比对技术筛选与鉴定差异蛋白质. 实验结果表明, LSBG和RSBG之间的差异蛋白质主要由活性多肽的前体蛋白或降解后大片段多肽组成, 它们对维持BG的生理功能起着重要的作用. 在急性镉盐(10 μg/mL)胁迫下, NLCS的LSBG和RSBG表达了由镉盐诱导的差异蛋白质, 并采用蛋白质组学技术分别分离、筛选和鉴定, 其主要的差异蛋白质有下调的肌球蛋白、钙结合蛋白、上调的热休克蛋白和硫氧还蛋白. 这些蛋白质可能与BG细胞抗镉毒性有关, 部分差异蛋白质适合于监测镉盐污染且开展毒理学研究的蛋白指示物.     

Increase of NKG2D ligands and sensitivity to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells by heat shock and ionizing radiation

In this study, we have investigated if current cancer therapeutic modalities including hyperthermia and ionizing radiation can increase the expression of NKG2D ligands in human cancer cell lines. The expressions of NKG2D ligands were induced by both heat shock and ionizing radiation in various cell lines including KM12, NCI-H23, HeLa and A375 cells with peaks at 2 h and 9 h after treatment, respectively, although inducibility of each NKG2D ligand was various depending on cell lines. During the induction of NKG2D ligands, heat shock protein 70 was induced by heat shock but not by ionizing radiation. These results were followed by increased susceptibilities to NK cell-mediated cytolysis after treatment with heat shock and ionizing radiation. These results suggest that heat shock and ionizing radiation induce NKG2D ligands and consequently might lead to increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in various cancer cells.     

The study of phase transition in some irradiated cholesteric liquid crystalline mixtures

We present the study of binary and multicomponent cholesteric mixtures undertaken with the aim of forming a system with the temperature of the phase transition close to the room temperature, which could be suitable for the detection of ionizing radiation. The phase diagrams were established on the basis of data from the optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mixtures were exposed to the continual spectrum of X-Ray radiation in the period of 30/60 min. The mixtures react by changing the color of the mesophase, and a shift of the mesophase transition towards lower temperatures. The duration of the effects exceeds six months.     

Radiation synthesis of seroalbumin nanoparticles

Synthesis of small polymeric particles can be achieved by ionizing radiation technology via intramolecular crosslinking by gamma rays onto soluble polymer molecules in random coil conformation. Differently soluble globular proteins are naturally densely packed structures. Fragmentation and aggregation processes have been reported for irradiated globular proteins solutions with ionizing radiations.In this work we describe protein-based nanoparticles prepared by gamma irradiation of a soluble and globular protein, such as seroalbumin, as the basic building blocks keeping its original conformational shape. Protein nanoparticles in the range 20–40 nm were detected after gamma irradiation of the aqueous protein solution in the presence of polar organic solvents. Nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, fluorescence, and UV and CD spectroscopy, showing that the protein molecules keep their general three-dimensional structure into the created nanoparticle.     

蛋白质组学技术鉴定与分析三七粉诱导海兔神经连索表达的差异蛋白质

RP-HPLC分离三七粉提取液,并鉴定含有Rb1、Rg1、Re、R1等皂甙成分。以蓝斑背肛海兔(Notarcusleachii cirrosus Stimpson,NLCS)为分析模型,三七粉提取液为诱导剂,选用蛋白质组技术研究NLCS神经连索诱导前后所表达的差异蛋白质。通过优化双向凝胶电泳分离NLCS神经连索全蛋白质组技术,获得496个蛋白质斑点。采用肽指纹图谱技术和数据库检索比对法,初步鉴定了NLCS受三七粉提取液诱导前后,其神经连索表达13个差异蛋白质,其中较高的匹配率蛋白质为肌动蛋白、3-羟酯酰辅酶A脱氢酶、ATP结合转运子和甲基转移酶12。选用LOC tree软件对13个差异蛋白质进行亚细胞定位,认为它们在保护神经系统中发挥重要的调节作用。     

ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL DAMAGE IN RADIATION AND PHOTO-BIOLOGY

Abstract— The reactions of oxidizing free radicals produced by the action of ionizing radiation on aqueous solutions with molecules of biological interest are discussed. In particular the reactions of inorganic radical anions with proteins are considered and their use as selective probes described by example.     

Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Colorectal Cancer Using Hydroxyapatite Column and SDS-PAGE

Limitation on two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis technique causes some proteins to be under presented, especially the extreme acidic, basic, or membrane proteins. To overcome the limitation of 2D electrophoresis, an analysis method was developed for identification of differentially expressed proteins in normal and cancerous colonic tissues using self-pack hydroxyapatite (HA) column. Normal and cancerous colon tissues were homogenized and proteins were extracted using sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. Protein concentration was determined and the proteins were loaded unto the HA column. HA column reduced the complexity of proteins mixture by fractionating the proteins according to their ionic strength. Further protein separation was accomplished by a simple and cost effective sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. The protein bands were subjected to in-gel digestion and protein analysis was performed using electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometer. There were 17 upregulated proteins and seven downregulated proteins detected with significant differential expression. Some of these proteins were low abundant proteins or proteins with extreme pH that were usually under presented in 2D gel analysis. We have identified brain mitochondrial carrier protein 1, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a, SOSS complex subunit B2, and Protein Jade 1 which were previously not detected in 2D gel analysis method.