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黄俊达 朱宇辉 冯煜 韩叶虎 谷振一 刘日鑫 杨冬月 陈凯 张相禹 孙威 辛森 余彦 尉海军 张旭 于乐 王华 刘新华 付永柱 李国杰 吴兴隆 马灿良 王飞 陈龙 周光敏 吴思思 卢周广 李秀婷 刘继磊 高鹏 梁宵 常智 叶华林 李彦光 周亮 尤雅 王鹏飞 杨超 刘金平 孙美玲 毛明磊 陈浩 张山青 黄岗 余丁山 徐建铁 熊胜林 张进涛 王莹 任玉荣 杨春鹏 徐韵涵 陈亚楠 许运华 陈子峰 杲祥文 浦圣达 郭少华 李强 曹晓雨 明军 皮欣朋 梁超凡 伽龙 王俊雄 焦淑红 姚雨 晏成林 周栋 李宝华 彭新文 陈冲 唐永炳 张桥保 刘奇 任金粲 贺艳兵 郝晓鸽 郗凯 陈立宝 马建民 《物理化学学报》2022,38(12):2208008
能源的存储和利用是当今科学和技术发展中的重大课题之一,尤其是作为高效的电能/化学能转化装置的二次电池相关技术一直是科学家研究的热点领域。在此背景下,本文较为系统地介绍目前二次电池的重要研究进展,将从二次电池的发展历史引入,再到其相关的基础理论知识的介绍。随后较为详细地讨论当前不同体系的二次电池及相关应的关键材料的研究进展,涉及到锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钾离子电池、镁离子电池、锌离子电池、钙离子电池、铝离子电池、氟离子电池、氯离子电池、双离子电池、锂-硫(硒)电池、钠-硫(硒)电池、钾-硫(硒)电池、多价金属-硫基电池、锂-氧电池、钠-氧电池、钾-氧电池、多价金属-氧气电池、锂-溴(碘)电池、水系金属离子电池、光辅助电池、柔性电池、有机电池、金属-二氧化碳电池等。此外,也介绍了电池研究中常见的电极反应过程表征技术,包括冷冻电镜、透射电镜、同步辐射、原位谱学表征、磁性表征等。本文将有助于研究人员对二次电池进行全面系统的了解与把握,并为之后二次电池的研究提供很好的指导作用。 相似文献
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碳纳米管具有独特的一维结构和优异的光电特性,是构建光伏电池的理想材料。本文主要综述了近年来碳纳米管基光伏电池的结构设计、制备方法以及碳纳米管在器件中的不同功能应用。首先概述了碳纳米管的结构和光电特性,重点讨论了碳纳米管作为光电转换材料、导电电极和载流子传输层等功能层时器件的原理、制作方法及优缺点,介绍了碳纳米管在微型光伏电池、碳纳米管/硅异质结光伏电池、染料敏化光伏电池、钙钛矿光伏电池、有机光伏电池以及柔性光伏电池中的应用,最后总结了碳纳米管基光伏电池的优势和挑战,以期为新型碳基光伏电池的设计和制作提供思路和参考。 相似文献
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由于锂空气电池具有很高的理论能量密度因而引起了广泛关注和研究。本文较为全面地论述了各种电解质体系中的锂空气电池的进展,包括:有机体系、水体系、离子液体体系、有机-水双电解质体系和全固态体系的锂空气电池;详细阐述和归纳了它们的工作原理和最新研究现状。对最新提出的锂-空气-超级电容电池的原理和特点进行了较详细的论述。结合氧气在有机电解质中的电化学还原行为指出单一有机电解质锂空气电池存在的问题以及可能的解决办法;同时展示了这类电池中空气电极催化剂的发展现状。结合双电解质锂空气电池、固态电解质锂空气电池、锂-空气-超级电容电池的结构阐述了它们各自的优缺点。本文还展示了一些可望用于单一有机电解质锂空电池、有机-水双电解质体系锂空电池的新型碳材料。最后对锂空气电池的研究发展进行了总结与展望,提出新型电解液、催化剂以及改进锂空气电池构造将会成为今后的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Wearable self-powered biosensors are devices that operate without an external electronic power source or onboard battery and that use a biorecognition detection element to relay sensing information. Such devices are becoming more widespread following the larger trend of more ubiquitous wearable devices in general. Self-powering can be a particularly important characteristic in situations where replacing/recharging a battery is either impossible or impractical. Most wearable self-powered biosensors rely primarily on enzymatic reactions to supply the energy required for operation, but there are also other innovative approaches that combine multiple signal transduction techniques to simultaneously provide power and produce a detection signal. Areas of needed research include developing higher power energy harvesting techniques and more wearable self-powered biosensor devices that have integrated low-power wireless electronics. 相似文献
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The Relationship between the Relative Solvating Power of Electrolytes and Shuttling Effect of Lithium Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Chi‐Cheung Su Meinan He Rachid Amine Zonghai Chen Dr. Khalil Amine 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(37):12033-12036
Relative solvating power, that is, the ratio of the coordination ratios between a solvent and the reference solvent, was used to probe the quantitative structure–activity relationship of electrolyte solvents and the lithium polysulfide (LiPS) dissolution in lithium–sulfur batteries. Internally referenced diffusion‐ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (IR‐DOSY) was used to determine the diffusion coefficient and coordination ratio, from which the relative solvating power can be easily measured. The higher the relative solvating power of an ethereal solvent, the more severe will be the LiPS dissolution and the lower the coulombic efficiency of the lithium–sulfur battery. A linear relationship was established between the logarithm of relative solvating power of a solvent and the degree of LiPS dissolution, rendering relative solvating power an important parameter in choosing the electrolyte solvent for lithium–sulfur batteries. 相似文献
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Dr. Qi Lu Prof. Dr. Jingguang G. Chen Prof.Dr. John Q Xiao 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2013,52(7):1882-1889
The depletion of traditional energy resources as well as the desire to reduce high CO2 emissions associated with energy production means that energy storage is now becoming more important than ever. New functional electrode materials are urgently needed for next‐generation energy storage systems, such as supercapacitors or batteries, to meet the ever increasing demand for higher energy and power densities. Advances in nanotechnology are essential to meet those future challenges. It is critical to develop ways of synthesizing new nanomaterials with enhanced properties or combinations of properties to meet future challenges. In this Minireview we discuss several important recent studies in developing nanostructured pseudocapacitor electrodes, and summarize three major parameters that are the most important in determining the performance of electrode materials. A technique to optimize these parameters simultaneously and to achieve both high energy and power densities is also introduced. 相似文献
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M. Navarrete L. Cabrera T. Martínez H. Llaven 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,199(6):493-497
The classification of low and medium level radioactive wastes produced regularly by nuclear power plants is becoming ever more important in Mexico, after a few years of running the first of two units, 600 MeV each, in Laguna Verde nuclear power plant. This paper describes a method to separate and detect traces of the weak -emitter63Ni, which is one of the activation products used to classify low and medium level radioactive wastes originating from the operation of nuclear power plants. 相似文献
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《Mendeleev Communications》2021,31(4):423-432
The deterioration of the environmental situation has led to the need to restructure the world’s power industry, and clean renewable power sources are coming to the forefront. This review deals with recent advances in the development of promising ion-exchange membrane materials for two types of application that have been intensely developing recently, namely, hydrogen energy and reverse electrodialysis. Special attention is paid to the comparison of two properties of membranes, conductivity and selectivity, that are competing but fundamentally important in both areas. Perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes now play a dominant role in hydrogen power engineering, as they provide not only high proton conductivity but also chemical stability and low gas permeability. The review also covers other types of membrane materials, including anion exchange membranes, polybenzimidazoles and hybrid membranes containing inorganic nanoparticles that have been actively developed in recent years. The milder operating conditions of membranes in reverse electrodialysis units allow one to use less expensive non-perfluorinated membranes, including grafted ones. It is of note that in devices of this type, the selectivity of membranes to the transfer of oppositely charged ions is a more important parameter. 相似文献
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Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithium batteries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bruce PG Scrosati B Tarascon JM 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2008,47(16):2930-2946
Energy storage is more important today than at any time in human history. Future generations of rechargeable lithium batteries are required to power portable electronic devices (cellphones, laptop computers etc.), store electricity from renewable sources, and as a vital component in new hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve the increase in energy and power density essential to meet the future challenges of energy storage, new materials chemistry, and especially new nanomaterials chemistry, is essential. We must find ways of synthesizing new nanomaterials with new properties or combinations of properties, for use as electrodes and electrolytes in lithium batteries. Herein we review some of the recent scientific advances in nanomaterials, and especially in nanostructured materials, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 相似文献
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Surface properties of polymeric devices that are used to regenerate nervous damage are a point to be considered for axon regeneration in nerve system. In our previous studies, we prepared a wettability gradient on polyethylene (PE) surfaces using a corona discharge treatment from a knife-type electrode whose power increases gradually along the sample length. The PE surfaces were oxidized gradually with increasing power. The effect of surface wettability on the different types of cells has an important role for cell adhesion and proliferation. The purpose of this study is to investigate neurite formation on polymer surfaces with different wettability. Induction and growth of neurites from the rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells attached on the polymer surfaces with different hydrophilicity were investigated using the wettability gradient PE surfaces prepared by a corona discharge treatment. Neurites were investigated for number and length of neurites in terms of surface wettability. It was observed that neurite formation of PC-12 cells was increased more onto the positions with moderate hydrophilicity of the wettability gradient surface than onto the more hydrophobic or hydrophilic positions. From those results, it could be assumed that initial adhesion of PC-12 cells was caused by more calf serum (CS) protein than nerve growth factor (NGF), whereas the neurite formation of PC-12 cells was caused by more NGF than CS protein. It follows from what has been said thus far that PC-12 cells are a differentiated neuronal phenotype with a long neurite at around the position 2.5 cm (water contact angle of about 55 deg). In conclusion, surface wettability plays an important role for neurite formation on the polymer surfaces for axon regeneration. 相似文献
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X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术是一种高灵敏、高分辨的元素定性定量和结构分析技术.本文用该技术研究了照相明胶中S原子与Ag+相互作用的本质.研究结果表明,照相明胶中的蛋氨酸、蛋氨酸亚砜残基均能通过S原子与Ag+作用,而且在所研究的明胶中蛋氨酸亚砜残基的含量远高于蛋氨酸残基的含量,这意味着在与Ag+键合过程中前者占有更重要的地位.此外,本文还比较了不同原料制成的明胶与Ag+的作用情况. 相似文献