肝素类寡糖合成研究进展

肝素(heparin,HP)和硫酸乙酰肝素(heparan sulfate,HS)是糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycans,GAGs)家族中的一类线性硫酸化多糖,其结构复杂、牛物活性多样.为了深入研究其结构序列与小同生物活性之间的关系,近年来针对肝素类寡糖的合成与功能研究成为糖化学和糖牛物学研究的一个热点领域,涌现出一些新的合成方法与合成策略.选取了2001年以来国际上一些在肝素类寡糖的化学合成和酶法合成方面的代表性工作予以综述.     

聚糖的合成及其在糖疫苗研究中的应用

糖类在各种生命活动过程中发挥着重要的作用,但聚糖的获得性问题和其相对较弱的免疫原性一直限制了糖化学生物学尤其是糖疫苗研究的发展.近年来,聚糖和糖复合物化学合成技术的进步很大程度上促进了糖疫苗(包括抗菌疫苗、抗肿瘤疫苗、抗HIV疫苗等)研究的兴盛.其中,寡糖一釜合成策略和固相合成策略大大提高了聚糖合成的效率;聚糖与载体蛋白偶联的复合物也成功提高了糖抗原的免疫原性.本文将结合本课题组的相关研究工作,简述糖类化合物化学合成的方法和策略方面的研究进展及其在糖疫苗研究中的应用,希望对更好地理解糖化学生物学特别是糖疫苗有所帮助.     

通过酯交换方法简便地合成对称氢亚磷酸酯

磷酸酯桥连的糖结构在生物体内广泛存在,例如在糖蛋白的多糖片断中普遍存在磷酸酯桥连的糖单元.在合成这类天然产物时,通常用到的方法包括氢亚磷酸酯方法和磷酰胺方法.在研究合成糖的磷酸酯缀合物时,我们想要合成对称的葡萄糖亚磷酸酯,从而进一步合成各种磷酸酯桥连的糖磷酸酯缀合物.由于目标产物容易水解,采用传统的合成方法遇到了很大的困难.     

寡糖和多糖的合成

本文重点介绍了寡塘及多馆在化学合成方面的进展,述及了寡掂经典合成方法及近年来发展的一些新方法,如三氯乙酸亚胺基作为离去基团的方法,以缩水内醚糖为糖的给体的方法等。对多糖的合成主要介绍了1,6-、1,4-、1,3-、1,2-缩水内醚搪的阳离子聚合制备均聚多塘,及用糖原酸醋衍生物通过缩聚反应制备多塘。     

Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心片断的合成

通过应用三氟乙酸酯法和Koenigs-Knorr方法,对Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心二糖片断进行了合成研究,并经元素分析,IR,~1H,~(13)C-NMR,~1H～~1H COSY及FAB-MS确证了合成得到的二糖片断10～13的结构。     

Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心片断的合成

通过应用三氟乙酸酯法和Koenigs-Knorr方法，对Microcellobospotia grisea中具有强抗肿瘤活性多糖重复单元中心二糖片断进行了合成研究，并经元素分析，IR，^1H，^1^3C-NMR，^1H～^1H COSY及FAB-MS确证了合成得到的二糖片断10～13的结构。     

含磷糖生物缀合物的合成

糖生物缀合物具有许多重要的生物功能.因而,建立化学合成各种新型糖类缀合物的方法,进一步研究其结构与生物功能之间的关系,对于探索其生物学功能具有十分重要的理论意义和实际应用价值.本文通过改进的化学方法合成了56种结构新颖的糖基-1-磷酰氨基酸甲酯衍生物,所有目标化合物的结构均被NMR和MS等方法确认,并研究了它们NMR谱学特征和在质谱中的裂解规律.     

糖苷的化学合成进展

糖苷是一类非常重要的化合物,广泛存在于天然产物中,并具有多样的生物活性。糖苷的高效合成引起了越来越多研究者的关注。目前研究最多的是不断探索更高效、高选择性的合成方法。本文主要介绍了近年来糖苷化学合成的研究进展,包括以卤代糖、硫代糖、三氯乙酰亚胺酯糖、全乙酰糖、原酸酯糖、葡萄糖、磷酸酯糖作为糖基供体的合成方法。     

糖聚肽高分子的合成、自组装及生物医学应用

糖聚肽高分子是一类由聚肽(也称聚氨基酸)和糖类化合物(包括单糖、寡糖和多糖)构成的生物可降解高分子.糖聚肽高分子具有与天然糖蛋白分子类似的化学组成,能够在一定程度上模拟天然糖蛋白的结构和性能,近年来引起了学术界的广泛研究兴趣.本文总结了糖聚肽高分子的合成方法及其在水溶液中的自组装行为,并着重评述了糖聚肽高分子在生物分子识别、靶向基因/药物传输和组织工程支架等生物医学领域中的应用.     

糖苷化学合成研究进展

糖苷是一类非常重要的化合物,广泛存在于天然产物中,并具有多样的生物活性。糖苷的高效合成引起了越来越多研究者的关注。目前研究最多的是不断探索更高效、高选择性的合成方法。本文主要介绍了近年来糖苷化学合成的研究进展,包括以卤代糖、硫代糖、三氯乙酰亚胺酯糖、全乙酰糖、原酸酯糖、葡萄糖、磷酸酯糖作为糖基供体的合成方法。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.