流动注射分析法测定废水中的氰化物

建立流动注射分析法测定工业废水中氰化物浓度的方法。水样及试剂在蠕动泵的作用下进入管道,先后经过蒸馏模块与化学模块,最后进入检测模块得出系统处理后的数据。通过对实际样品和标准样品的分析得出该方法的检出限为1.55μg/L,相对误差小于5%。氰化物质量浓度在0~500μg/L范围内与信号值呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r2=0.999 9。测定结果的相对标准差为0.1%~3%(n=4),加标回收率为93.3%~102.0%。该方法实现了自动进样、在线蒸馏,具有分析速率快、试剂耗量少等优点,可用于水和废水中总氰化物的测定。     

连续流动-分光光度法测定固体废物中氰化物浸出毒性的研究

建立了一种利用连续流动-分光光度法测定固废中氰化物的浸出毒性的方法,当氰化物浓度在0~200μg/L范围内,校准曲线的相关系数r为0.9998;方法的检出限可以达到0.33μg/L;不同浓度样品测定的相对标准偏差低于2.6%,实际固体废物样品加标回收率为96%~103%,方法精密度良好并且准确度较高;通过实际样品测定结果比对,证明方法与传统国家标准方法测定结果有着较高的吻合度,具有良好的应用前景。     

涂丝Ag-Ag2S电极测定水体中微量氰化物的研究

本文报道了涂丝Ag-Ag2S电极测定水体中微量氰化物(CN-)的分析方法。该方法对现用的Ag(CN)2-指示剂配制方法以及使用浓度作了新的改进,加之成功地在ISAB中引入有机溶剂等,较大程度地提高了测定CN-的灵敏度。该方法测定CN-的线性范围为1.0×10-3～1.0×10-7mol/L,检出限可达4.0×10-8mol/L,标准偏差小于0.015,回收率为99%～104%。本方法与比色法对照,相对误差≤1.3%,结果令人满意。     

气相色谱法测定粮食中微量氰化物

目前国内测定粮食中氰化物多用吡啶-联苯胺和异烟酸-吡唑啉酮两法。前法由于吡啶的恶臭和联苯胺的致癌性已逐渐被淘汰,后法操作条件要求较苛。且两种方法的灵敏度低。因此用比色法很不理想,有必要探求新的测定方法。 本文运用粮食样品预蒸馏-溴化-萃取-ECD检测分析的步骤,成功的分离分析了粮食中微量氰化物。最低检测浓度为0.05mg/kg,在0.05—1.5mg/kg呈线性,回收率在87％—97％之间,变异系数为5.1％。     

银明胶配位法测定废水中氰化物

氰化物属剧毒物,对人体的毒害主要是氰根与高铁细胞色素氧化酶相结合,生成氰化高铁细胞色素氧化酶而失去传递氧的作用,引起人体组织缺氧窒息,因此不使用有剧毒的氰化物试剂测定氰化物是保护分析工作者身心健康的一件极为重要的事情.本文介绍一种测定工业废水中氰化物的方法——银明胶配位法,该方法最低检测浓度为10μg/L.     

测定酒和水中氰化物的间接光度法

建立了测定微量氰化物的间接光度法,其氰化物含量在0～3.0μg范围内符合比尔定律。此法用于酒和水中微量氰化物的测定,结果与国家标准方法相吻合,加标回收率为95％～102％。此法简便快速,选择性及重现性也令人满意。     

双系统离子色谱法检测水中硫化物、氰化物、总磷和总氮

针对水中硫化物、氰化物、总磷、总氮标准方法检出限较高,存在检出即超标的风险,且需分开检测的问题,本文通过调整过硫酸钾和氢氧化钠的配比,并试验了过硫酸钾纯度以及加热消解方式对总磷总氮检测结果的影响,确定最优的消解条件,将水中的磷和氮氧化为磷酸盐和硝酸盐,与硫化物、氰化物采用离子色谱分别测定,结果同时输出。该方法在实验测定的浓度范围内硫化物、氰化物、总磷和总氮的相对标准偏差分别为1.370%～8.074%；硫化物、氰化物、总磷和总氮的检出限分别为 0.0003mg/L、0.0001 mg/L、0.01 mg/L、0.03 mg/L；对实际水样中加标回收率分别为95.40 %～107.80 %；与实验室现有检测方法方法相比,检测时间大幅压缩,提高了检测效率。本方法已经应用于水中硫化物、氰化物、总磷和总氮的检测,并与参考方法具有良好的一致性。经过扩展,该方法可用于白酒中硫化物和氰化物以及窖泥中总磷、总氮的检测。     

滴定法快速测定白酒中的氰化物

蒸馏酒与配制酒统称为白酒。白酒中的氰化物是在粮食糖化发酵过程中产生的一种物质。白酒中氰化物的测定在ＧＢ/Ｔ5 0 0 9.4 8- 1996中采用异烟酸 吡唑酮比色法 ,该法操作复杂 ,对酸碱度和温度要求严格。由于氯胺Ｔ试剂极易分解变质 ,往往使试验失败 ,市售新出厂的氯胺Ｔ一时又买不到 ,使试验无法进行。本法采用试银灵为指示剂 ,用硝酸银标准溶液滴定白酒中氰化物 ,本法简便、快速、准确 ,能满足白酒卫生标准要求 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1.1　原理在碱性溶液中 (ｐＨ >11)以试银灵作指示剂 ,用硝酸银标准溶液滴定 ,形成银氰络合离子 ,到达…     

鲁米诺-氰化物化学发光反应的研究——环境水样中氰化物的测定

本文提出了利用鲁米诺-氰化物化学发光体系测定氰化物的新方法。方法的检出限是1.2ng/ml,校正曲线在2～100ng/ml CN~-范围内具有良好的线性。相对标准偏差小于4％。此方法已用于自来水和工业废水中氰化物的测定。文中对鲁米诺与氰化物化学发光反应的可能机理作了初步探讨。     

基于吹气分离富集的异烟酸-巴比妥酸分光光度法测定水中痕量氰化物

鉴于氰化物转化成氯化氰是HJ 484-2009中异烟酸-巴比妥酸分光光度法测定氰化物的独立中间环节,利用氯化氰沸点低(14℃)、稳定性好的特性,提出了基于吹气分离富集的异烟酸-巴比妥酸分光光度法测定水中痕量氰化物含量的方法。以空气为载气,以异烟酸质量浓度为17.20 g·L^-1、巴比妥酸质量浓度为8.40 g·L^-1的溶液为吸收液(pH 5.85),利用特定的分离富集装置,完成空气净化、氰化物转化成氯化氰、氯化氰分离、氯化氰吸收及转化成聚甲炔染料等一系列过程,采用分光光度计测定吸收液在600 nm处的吸光度。结果表明：当样品、吸收液的体积分别为60.0,5.00 mL,空气流量为0.10 L·min^-1,采用3级吸收,以总吸光度作为响应值时,氰化物转化系数为94.2%,富集倍数为11.3倍,检出限(3s/k)为0.1μg·L^-1,测定线性范围为0.4～28.3μg·L^-1;方法用于井水及河水中痕量氰化物的测定,氰化物质量浓度为1.2～8.9μg·L^-1,回...     

氰化物分析研究进展

介绍氰化物常用的场外分析和现场检测方法,对实验室(场外)常用分析方法如化学滴定法、分光光度法、色谱法、波谱法等以及现场快速检测方法如目视比色法、分光光度计法等进行了综述,并结合实际需求,总结了不同方法的特点,展望了氰化物检测方法的未来发展趋势。     

A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for cyanide based on the dissolution of gold nanoparticles and its application in real samples

We report a simple fluorescence method for detection of cyanide sensitively and selectively based on the dissolution of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles by cyanide. The lowest concentration for quantification of cyanide ions was 3.0×10(-7) M, and other common anions nearly have no influence. Furthermore, several real water samples spiked with cyanide, including local groundwater, tap water, boiled water, and lake water, were analyzed, and the experimental results demonstrated that our sensing system worked well in the above water samples, with a good linear correlation.     

An Atomic Absorption Analysis Method for Cyanide

Abstract

An atomic absorption analysis procedure for cyanide has been developed. The procedure is based upon the solubilization of copper(II) from a basic copper carbonate in an alkaline medium. The amount of copper complexed by the cyanide ion is determined by atomic absorption and a calibration curve is constructed concurrently. The stoichiometry of the cyanide-copper complex is 3:1, implying formation of the complex ion Cu(CN)^? ₃, with no formation of CuCN observed at the low concentration of cyanide used. The method is used primarily for analyzing low levels of cyanide; the sensitivity of the method extending down to 2.0 × 10^?5 M CN^?. The most likely interference, iron, is considered. Finally, recovery of cyanide from spiked samples is demonstrated.     

检测水中氢氰酸的新型便携式RGB色度传感器

基于氢氰酸在碱性条件下与水合茚三酮反应,溶液呈紫红色的检测原理,建立了一种快速、灵敏检测水中氢氰酸的分析方法。对显色剂种类、水合茚三酮浓度、pH值、反应温度、反应时间等因素进行优化。采用源于归一化RGB系统的RGB色度法进行检测,可克服基于RGB模型的由于光强变化导致三刺激值变化的不足。在最优条件下,色度值与氢氰酸的质量浓度在0.04～3.96 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,对R值的理论检出限为0.038 mg/L,实际检出限为0.04 mg/L。用于人工水样中氢氰酸的测定,回收率为98.3%～111%。该方法具有较高的选择性、灵敏度和较好的重复性,在检测环境中其他有毒有害物质方面同样具有应用潜力。     

离子色谱法检测马铃薯及其淀粉中氢氰酸

建立了马铃薯及其淀粉中氰化物离子色谱的检测方法。样品经超声、冷冻离心、通过在线过滤处理后直接用离子色谱进行检测。检出限为0.054 mg/L,氰化物的线性范围为0.136～2.72 mg/L;加标回收率为85%～93%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%,可以满足氰化物检测的要求。     

Coulometric Determination of Total Cyanide in Effluent and Wastewater

Abstract

A simple procedure for the determination of low levels of total cyanide in effluent samples has been developed. After distillation of the cyanide from the sample, as hydrocyanic acid, the cyanide is determined with coulometrically generated iodine using a biamperometric end point detection system. As little as 0.06mg/l total cyanide can be measured using the procedure. The method obviates the need for calibration curves and does not require special reagents.

Silver (I) was determined to be an effective catalyst for the decomposition of bound cyanides in the distillation procedure.     

流动注射-分光光度法测定水中氰化物

使用流动注射(FIA)-分光光度法测定水中的氰化物的含量,并与传统分光光度法的分析结果进行比对。实验证明流动注射(FIA)-分光光度法操作简便、线性好,灵敏度、精密度、准确度都能符合分析工作要求。检出限为0.2μg/L,适用于水中微量氰化物的检测。分析频率为每小时30个样品,特别适合大批样品的测定。     

Headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization and capillary electrophoretic determination for free cyanide analysis

A new method involving headspace single-drop microextraction (SDME) with in-drop derivatization and CE is developed for the preconcentration and determination of free cyanide. An aqueous microdrop (5 microL) containing Ni(II)-NH(3) (as derivatization agent), sodium carbonate and ammonium pyromellitate (as internal standard) was used as the acceptor phase. The extracted cyanide forms a stable Ni(CN)(4) (2-) complex which is then determined by CE. Common experimental parameters (sample and acceptor phase pH, extraction temperature, extraction time and sample ionic strength) affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. Using headspace SDME, free cyanide can be effectively extracted from the neutral solutions, i.e. without the acidification of the sample which often is prone to errors due to incomplete liberation and artefactual cyanide production. Proposed SDME-CE method provided about 58-fold enrichment in 20 min. The calibration curve was linear for concentrations of CN(-) in the range from 0.25 to 20 micromol/L (R(2) = 0.997). The LOD (S/N = 3) was estimated to be 0.08 micromol/L of CN(-). Such a detection sensitivity is high enough for free cyanide determination in common environmental and physiological samples. Finally, headspace SDME was applied to determine free cyanide in human saliva and urine samples with spiked recoveries in the range of 91.7-105.6%. The main advantage of this method is that sample clean-up, preconcentration and derivatization procedures can be completed in a single step. In addition, the proposed technique does not require any sample pretreatment and thus is much less susceptible to interferences compared to existing methods.     

Continuous Determination of Free Cyanide by Means of Membrane Diffusion of Gaseous HCN and An Electrode Indicator Technique

Abstract

A continuous measurement system for free cyanide has been developed based on the principle of diffusion across a gas-permeable membrane to affect the separation of hydrogen cyanide from the acidified sample solution. The cyanide absorbed in the alkaline indicator solution is subsequently analyzed by an indirect technique using a silver ion-selective electrode. In the concentration range of 30 to 400 μg CN^?/L, the accuracy and precision of this method is approximately two percent. The detection limit of this system is approximately 0.5 μg CN^?/L.     

Quantification of free and metal-complexed cyanide by tetrathionate derivatization

A sensitive and robust method for detection of free and metal-complexed cyanide in solutions is described. The method does not require a distillation step and is applicable for both low ionic strength and sea-water samples. The method is based on the reaction of cyanide with potassium tetrathionate followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and UV detection of formed thiocyanate. The detection limit of the method is 250?nmol?L^?1 cyanide (6.5?µg?L^?1 CN^?) without a pre-concentration step. Storage for three days does not significantly change the results. The sum of free and weak metal-complexed cyanide can be measured by tetrathionate derivatization at a pH of 10. The sum of free, weak metal-complexed cyanide, iron(II) and iron(III)-complexed cyanides may be measured by tetrathionate derivatization at pH 4.4. Derivatization requires heating to 90°C for 20?min at pH?=?10 and for 12 h at pH?=?4.4. Weighted mean recoveries for free, iron(II), iron(III), nickel(II), silver(I), Cd(II) and Zn(II) complexed cyanide were in the range of 87 to 112% and weighted standard deviations were in the range of 1.7 to 10.0%. The method is not applicable for cyanide complexes of gold and cobalt. We illustrate an application of cyanide quantification using pore-waters from the Delaware Great Marsh.