降凝剂与原油组分相互作用的影响因素及降凝剂发展

概述了含蜡原油中的蜡、胶质、沥青质、轻烃等有关组分与降凝剂的相互作用特点，及其对原油改性效果的影响。并结合降凝剂的改性原理，对降凝剂的发展进行了介绍。     

气相色谱分析罐装岩屑顶空轻烃绝对含量

对于罐装岩屑顶空轻烃绝对含量分析方法的研究在我国开展的还很少,为满足石油地质研究对轻烃资料的需求,我们进行了该方法的研究。 实验部分 (一)气样采集方法 1.用502胶水在罐顶上粘一小块硅橡胶。将罐置     

D301树脂对酚类的吸附热力学研究

测定D301树脂对环己烷溶液中苯酚的吸附等温线，利用热力学函数关系计算了等量吸附焓，吸附自由能和吸附熵，等量吸附焓在30kJ/mol-35kJ/mol之间，推测吸附过程为氢键吸附。比较D301树脂对水溶液和环己烷溶液中苯酚的吸附性能，及D301树脂对环己烷溶液中苯酚和邻硝苯酚的吸附性能，进一步讨论了D301树脂对酚类物质吸附中的氢键作用。     

ND-100超高交联吸附树脂对水中苯酚的吸附行为研究

通过静态吸附试验，研究了ND－100超高交联树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附动力学和热力学特性，探讨了初始浓度对吸附过程的影响。结果表明 ND－100树脂对苯酚的吸附速率同时受液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散过程控制。吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程，吸附量随着温度的升高而降低，随着平衡浓度的增大而增大，吸附表现为放热的物理吸附过程。     

气相色谱分析罐装岩屑顶部空间气体

石油钻井罐装岩屑顶部空间气体C_1～C_7轻烃的气相色谱分析对研究石油的生成、运转,油气分布及热演化规律具有重要意义。为此,我们采用两柱合一法测定罐顶气C_1～C_7的轻烃,通过5口井一千余块样品的测定证明色谱分离好,分析数据可靠。     

两种吸附树脂对4B酸吸附行为的比较研究

研究了新型复合功能吸附树脂NDA-99和超高交联大孔吸附树脂JX-101对水溶液中4B酸(对甲苯胺-2-磺酸)的静态吸附行为和热力学特性，结果表明，NDA-99树脂对4B酸的吸附量明显大于JX-101树脂，两种树脂对4B酸的吸附均符合Freundlich吸附等温方程．其中，JX-101对4B酸的吸附属于物理吸附：NDA-99由于树脂表面存在弱碱性官能团，对4B酸的吸附表现为物理吸附和化学络合协同作用。     

从模拟放射废液中去除Ce（Ⅳ）的吸附剂筛选和性能研究

研究了多种MOF材料对溶液中铈离子的吸附性能，经过对比得出，铜基MOF材料Cu-BTC对Ce（Ⅳ）的吸附效果最佳。采用SEM,BET,XRD,FT-IR等方法对其结构和形貌进行表征，并考察平衡时间、温度、初始浓度、pH、离子强度等参数对吸附行为的影响；对吸附前后的Cu-BTC进行XPS分析，考察其对Ce（Ⅳ）的吸附机制；另以实际放射性废水作为研究对象，探究Cu-BTC对真实放射性废液中α核素的吸附性能。结果表明：Cu-BTC对Ce（Ⅳ）离子的吸附在2 h内达到吸附平衡，吸附剂投加量一定时，平衡吸附量随溶液中铈离子初始浓度的增大而增大，平衡吸附率反之；溶液pH的增大与离子强度的减小可促进Cu-BTC对Ce（Ⅳ）的吸附；吸附等温线的研究表明Cu-BTC的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型，以化学吸附为主，吸附过程为自发的吸热反应，低温有利反应的进行。此外，Cu-BTC对实际放射性废水中的α核素有较好的处理效果，平衡吸附比为52.51%。     

酚醛型吸附树脂吸附咖啡因的热力学研究

利用酚醛型吸附树脂JDW－2（自制）和DuoliteS-761对咖啡因的吸附进行了研究，在303－323K和研究的浓度范围内，JDW－2和DuoliteS-761对咖啡因吸附平衡数据符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。Freundlich吸附等温线和等量吸附焓表明：JDW－2和DuoliteS-761对咖啡因吸附是放热过程，我们对咖啡因在JDW－2和DuoliteS-761上的吸附焓，自由能，吸附熵也作了测试，并对吸附行为作了合理解释。     

几种树脂对西红花糖苷的吸附性能的研究

本文系统研究了硅胶和几种国产吸附树脂对西红花提取物溶液的吸附与洗脱性能，包括树脂的筛选，洗脱剂的选择，并研究了pH，温度和西红花提取物的浓度对西红花提取在SZ－1吸附树脂上的吸附影响，结果表明，SZ－1吸附树脂对西红花提取物的吸附能力较强，洗脱能力为最好，其吸附性能和洗脱性能均优于常用色谱固定相硅胶，SZ－1吸附树脂的静态吸附容量为1．04g/g，动态吸附容量为0．5－0．6g/g，洗脱率可达98％以上，且吸附速度快，易于洗脱和再生。     

酚醛型吸附树脂对茶碱的吸附性能研究

研究了酚醛型吸附树脂对茶碱的静态和动态吸附。结果表明3种树脂对茶碱的吸附量均达117－204mg/g，明显优于DuoliteS-761;酚醛型吸附树脂等温吸附茶碱的平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir方程，相关系数在0．99以上，因此，酚醛型吸附树脂吸附茶碱属单分子层吸附；用1mol/LHCl和W甲醇为80％复合溶液作为吸附树脂的洗脱剂，效果很好。     

Aspects of form and general topology: Alpha Space Asymptotic Linearity Theorem and the spectral symmetry of alternants

A theoretical device and a technique have been developed by which one can study, in a unifying manner, additive properties of hydrocarbons and the symmetric property of the spectrum of alternants. By using functionals introduced in the approach via the aspects of form and general topology, a special version of the Asymptotic Linearity Theorem (for the study of additivity problems of the zero-point vibrational energy of hydrocarbons and the total pi-electron energy of alternants) has been obtained in parallel with a derivation of the spectral symmetry of alternants.On leave from: Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, 34-4 Nishihiraki-cho, Takano, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan.     

Molecular Similarity and Risk Assessment: Analog Selection and Property Estimation Using Graph Invariants

Abstract

Four molecular similarity measures have been used to select the nearest neighbor of chemicals in two data sets of 139 hydrocarbons and 15 nitrosamines, respectively. The similarity methods are based on calculated graph invariants which include atom pairs, connectivity indices and information theoretic topological indices. The property of the selected nearest neighbor by each method was taken as the estimate of the property under investigation. The results show that for these data sets, all four methods give reasonable estimates of the properties studied.     

Selective Synthesis Substituted Derivatives of Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been intensively studied in recent years. [1,2] They consist of flat disctype cores surrounded by flexible chains, which enable them to self-assemble into columnar mesophases. The packing behavior of these discotic liquid crystals renders them well suited materials for the study of one-dimensional transport processes such as electrical conductivity and photoconductivity along the columnar axis. These compounds also have good fluorescent property. We would like to report the design and synthesis of mono- or multi-substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes and study the fluorescent property and structure relationship.     

Liquid-liquid interfacial tension of equilibrated mixtures of ionic liquids and hydrocarbons

Ionic liquids are possible alternative solvents for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by liquid-liquid extrac- tion. Interfacial tension is an important property to consider in the design of liquid-liquid extraction processes. In this work, the liquid-liquid interfacial tension and the mutual solubility at 25 °C have been measured for a series of biphasic, equilibrated mixtures of an ionic liquid and a hydrocarbon. In particular, the ionic liquids 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluorome- thanesulfonyl)imide (with the alkyl substituent being ethyl, hexyl or decyl), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate have been selected, as well as the hydrocarbons benzene, hexane, ethylben- zene, and octane. The selected sets of ionic liquids and hydrocarbons allow the analysis of the influence of a series of effects on the interfacial tension. For example, the interfacial tension decreases with an increase in the length of the alkyl substituent chain of the cation or with an increase of the degree of charge delocalisation in the anion of the ionic liquid. Also, the interfa- cial tension with the aromatic hydrocarbons is markedly lower than that with the aliphatic hydrocarbons. A smaller effect is caused by variation of the size of the hydrocarbon. Some of the observed trends can be explained from the mutual solubility of the hydrocarbon and the ionic liquid.     

Chemical graph theory. IV. On the cyclic polynomial

The definition of the cyclic polynomial of conjugated hydrocarbons is offered. The combinatorial characteristics of this polynomial are investigated. The most important property of the cyclic polynomial is that it can be used for enumeration of conjugated circuits.     

Cetane numbers of hydrocarbons: calculations using optimal topological indices

The QSPR problem for cetane numbers of hydrocarbons, a key property of oil fuels, was considered for the first time. Based on the approach developed, calculations have been carried out and relations derived for prediction of the cetane numbers of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Results of cetane number calculations for 180 unknown and non studied hydrocarbons are presented. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 451–457, March, 2008.     

Synthesis of symmetrical alkyl-aromatics by use of shape selective catalysts

The concept of shape selectivity is available to produce symmetrical dinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene and 4,4′-dialkylbiphenyl, which are the raw materials for liquid crystals and polyester with superior properties, respectively. The ZSM-5 catalyst exhibits high activity and selectivity for the formation of p-xylene in the disproportionation and alkylation of toluene. The catalytic activity of ZSM-5 for the conversion of naphthalene derivatives is markedly low due to its small pore size, although symmetrical dinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are selectively formed. The high catalytic activity is obtained with twelve-membered ring zeolites. Among these zeolites, mordenite is the most selective catalyst to produce symmetrical dinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The precise controls of the size of pore opening and the acidic property are required to enhance the selectivity for symmetrical dinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The non-zeolitic molecular sieves also present a great opportunity in high selective synthesis of these compounds.     

Benzenoid rings resonance energies and local aromaticity of benzenoid hydrocarbons

In this article, we consider partitioning of the analytical expression for resonance energy (RE) in smaller benzenoid hydrocarbons, to individual benzenoid rings of polycyclic molecules. The analytical expression for molecular RE, available since 1976, is given by the count of all linearly independent conjugated circuit in all Kekulé structures in a molecule. Analytical expression for local ring RE (RRE) is given by counting all linearly independent conjugated circuits involving single benzenoid ring in all Kekulé structures, which when added, gives the molecular RE. If for benzene ring the RRE is taken to be 1.000, rings in polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons have their ring RRE, which give the degree of their local aromaticity, smaller than 1.000. The difference to 1.000 is a measure of the similarity of a ring to benzene in this one-dimensional (1-D) representation of local aromaticities of benzenoid hydrocarbons. The plot of RRE against the distance of the same ring from benzene in the Local Aromaticity Map, in which benzenoid rings are characterized ring bond orders and average variations of adjacent CC bonds, shows linear correlation (with r = 0.91), reducing the local aromaticity in benzenoid hydrocarbons to 1-D molecular property. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.