防晒剂2，2’，4，4＇-四羟基二苯甲酮在B—R缓冲体系中的极谱行为

用线性扫描极谱法系统研究了2,2′,4,4′-四羟基二苯甲酮(简称BP-2)在不同缓冲体系中的极谱行为.实验表明,在pH=2.25的B-R缓冲溶液中,BP-2的一阶导数峰电位为-1.12 V,其峰电流与浓度在5.0×10-6～9.0×10-5mol/L范围内的对数值有良好的线性关系,线性方程为ip′(nA/s)=11 457 2 133×lgc(mol/L),相关系数为0.9998.BP-2的微分循环伏安研究表明,该极谱波为不可逆还原波;初步讨论了电极反应机理.     

雷公藤内酯醇的极谱催化波及应用研究

采用线性扫描极谱法,研究了雷公藤内酯醇在不同缓冲体系及不同氧化剂作用下的极谱催化波及其应用。实验结果表明,在0.1 mol/L KCl、pH=5.4的B-R缓冲溶液、2.5×10-3mol/L H2O2的体系中,雷公藤内酯醇极谱催化波的一阶导数峰电位为-1.06 V(vs.SCE),峰电流与其浓度在8.2×10-8~1.4×10-7mol/L的范围内有良好的线性关系,线性方程为:ip′=7.863×103 3.096×1010c(nA/s),相关系数为0.9994,检出限为5.0×10-8mol/L。据此建立了测定雷公藤内酯醇的新分析方法,并测定了试样中雷公藤内酯醇的含量。机理研究表明,该还原波为不可逆吸附、平行催化波。     

双烯醇酮乙酸酯的极谱催化波及应用研究

采用线性扫描极谱技术,研究了在H2O2存在下双烯醇酮乙酸酯的极谱催化波。结果表明,在pH 4.0±0.5的B-R缓冲溶液、8.0×10-3mol/L H2O2溶液和0.1 mol/L KCl底液中,双烯醇酮乙酸酯于-1.01 V处产生一极谱催化波;其一阶倒数峰电流与双烯醇酮乙酸酯的浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-7mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,iP′=1.384×1011c 2.374×104(nA/s),相关系数r=0.9991;讨论了极谱催化波的产生机理。     

过硫酸钾存在下吸附缔合/平行催化波法测定酮洛芬

应用线性扫描极谱法和循环伏安法,在0.10 mol/L NH4C l-NH3.H2O(pH 9.5)-0.01 mol/L K2S2O8底液中,对酮洛芬(KPF)的电化学行为进行了研究。在该底液中KPF于峰电位-1.37 V(vs.SCE)处产生1个灵敏的吸附缔合/平行催化波。该极谱催化波中S2O82-有双重作用:①S2O82-作为配位体与吸附在电极表面的质子化KPF形成缔合物,引起峰电位负移;②S2O82-及其还原中间产物SO4-作为氧化KPF羰基经单电子单质子还原的自由基,产生了极谱催化,使峰电流显著增加。该极谱催化波的二阶导数峰峰电流与KPF浓度在1.97×10-8~3.94×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为6.57×10-9mol/L(3σ)。对3.94×10-7mol/LKPF溶液进行13次平行测定,RSD为1.24%。该催化波的分析灵敏度比相应还原波提高20倍。该方法已用于药剂中KPF的测定。     

锰与4-(2-噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚络合吸附波的研究及应用

本文研究了在0.01mol/L NaOH—0.32％乙二胺—0.05mol/L酒石酸钾钠介质中,锰与4-(2-噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚(TAR)络合吸附波的极谱行为。当介质中含有0.003％TAR时,Mn会产生灵敏的导数极谱波,其峰电位为-0.75V(相对银汞齐电极,下同),方法检出限为1.5×10~(-9)mol/L,线性范围为3.6×1.0~(-9)mol/L～2.7×10~(-6)mol/L。研究了极谱波的性质、机理以及络合物的组成。方法成功地应用于某些植物叶中微量锰的含量测定。     

铜( Ⅱ )存在下的催化极谱波检测福美双

报道了在酒石酸-酒石酸钾钠-K2S2O8体系中福美双与Cu2 的极谱催化波。在0.1mol/L酒石酸-酒石酸钾钠(pH=5.5)缓冲液 3.0×10-3mol/LK2S2O8 4.0×10-6mol/LCu2 底液中,极谱催化波峰电位Ep=-0.8V(vs.SCE);福美双的二阶导数峰峰电流Ip″与其浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9994),检出限为2.0×10-9mol/L。相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.17%(n=10)。在福美双浓度为1.0×10-6mol/L时,福美双还原波峰电流为12nA,而相应的福美双在Cu2 存在下的催化还原峰电流为1.5μA,即灵敏度提高了125倍。样品的检测回收率为83.8%~91.4%。该方法灵敏、简单、快速。     

普罗帕酮的电还原行为及其应用

采用线性扫描极谱法研究了抗心率失常药物普罗帕酮在汞电极上的电还原行为,建立了测定实际样品中普罗帕酮的新方法. 在pH＜11.6底液中,普罗帕酮产生1个还原波;在底液pH≥11.6条件下,普罗帕酮产生P1和P2 2个还原波. 研究表明,P1波为普罗帕酮产生的催化氢波,P2波为普罗帕酮分子中羰基的电化学还原波. 在pH=12.3的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,二阶导数极谱图上P2波的峰电流与普罗帕酮的浓度在9.6×10-8 ～4.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为5×10-8 mol/L. 对1.0×10-6 mol/L普罗帕酮测定6次的RSD=1.2%. 用二阶导数极谱法测定片剂中普罗帕酮的含量结果与药典方法测得结果一致,血清中不同浓度普罗帕酮测定的回收率在98.6%～102%.     

薯蓣皂甙元的极谱催化波及其应用

采用线性扫描极谱技术,研究了薯蓣皂甙元(C27H42O3,简称皂素)的极谱催化波及应用。结果表明,在pH=5.3±0.5的BR缓冲溶液、0.1mol/LKCl和8×10-3mol/LH2O2的底液中,皂素产生极谱催化波,其一阶导数波的峰电位在-1.05V(vs.SCE)处,峰电流与皂素浓度在1.0×10-8～8.0×10-8mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程:i′P=7.322×108c+3.919(μA/s),相关系数r=0.9984,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L;该波为不可逆吸附、平行催化波。建立了测定皂素的新分析方法,并测定了黄姜中皂素的含量。     

直接快速极谱法测定生物样品中的痕量铬

报道了在亚硝酸钠-2,2′-联吡啶-溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)中铬(Ⅵ)的极谱催化波。在0.24mol/LNaNO2-4×10-5mol/L2,2′-联吡啶-1.6×10-5mol/LCTMAB(pH8.0)底液中,极谱催化波峰电位EP=-1.39V(vs.SCE),其峰电流与铬(Ⅵ)浓度在0～20ng/mL范围内有良好的线性关系。方法可用于测定生物样猪肝及猪肾中痕量铬(Ⅵ)。对极谱波的性质进行了初步探讨。     

碘酸钾存在下萘丁美酮的极谱催化波法测定

本文报道了灵敏、快速测定萘丁美酮的新方法。在0.10 mol.L-1HAc-NaAc(pH 4.7)支持电解质中,萘丁美酮产生一极谱波,峰电位Ep=-1.12 V(vs.SCE)。加入KIO3后,该极谱波被催化,峰电流增加约30倍,峰电位基本不变,产生一灵敏的极谱催化波。其二阶导数峰峰电流ip″与萘丁美酮浓度在2.0×10-7~4.0×10-5mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9970,n=8),检出限为1.0×10-7mol.L-1。该方法可用于药物制剂中萘丁美酮含量的测定。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.