含过渡金属和柔性配体催化体系的构象搜索

采用密度泛函理论对含有过渡金属和柔性配体的分子进行优化时,通常只能将初始结构优化到势能面上的局部最小点,而确定反应势能面上各中间体和过渡态的最低能量构象是准确描述一个催化反应最优路径的关键.使用Cr/PCCP体系催化乙烯选择性三聚/四聚反应路径中的关键过渡态(TS1,TS2,TS3)作为分子模型,对基于Tinker软件包和CREST软件包的两种构象搜索方法进行了对比测试.使用两种构象搜索方法均成功找到了三个分子模型的最低能量构象,并且两种方法获得的构象数量总数相差不大.与基于Tinker软件包的构象搜索方法相比,使用CREST软件包进行构象搜索的计算流程更加简单,并且大大减少了计算时间.     

Lennard-Jones团簇最低能量构型的预测

针对Lennard-Jones(LJ)团簇的结构优化问题,在前人工作的基础上,提出了一个新的无偏优化算法,即DLS-TPIO(dynamic lattice searching method with two-phase local searchand interior operation)算法.对LJ2-650,LJ660,LJ665-680这666个实例进行了优化计算.为其中每个实例所找到的构型其势能均达到了剑桥团簇数据库中公布的最好记录.对LJ533与LJ536这两个算例,所达到的势能则优于先前的最好记录.在DLS-TPIO算法中,采用了内部操作,两阶段局部搜索方法以及动态格点搜索方法.在优化的前一阶段,内部操作将若干能量较高的表面原子移入团簇的内部,从而降低团簇的能量,并使其构型逐渐地变为有序.与此同时,两阶段局部搜索方法指导搜索进入更有希望的构型区域.这种做法显著地提高了算法的成功率.在优化的后一阶段,借用动态格点搜索方法对团簇表面原子的位置作进一步优化,以再一次降低团簇的能量.另外,为识别二十面体构型的中心原子,本文给出了一个简单的新方法.相比于文献中一些著名的无偏优化算法,DLS-TPIO算法具...     

一种确定反应中间态几何特征和能量的综合性方法

通过综合使用传统的过渡态优化算法、数学统计工具以及人工神经网络算法(ANN)找到一种不依赖于反应物起始构象而得到化学反应中过渡态结构和能量的方法. 在两个反应物互相接近的过程中, 每一步的几何构象都对应着一个系统能量值. 本研究的目的是尽可能地收集处在反应能量面上的这种能量点值. 通过采用几何参数作为自变量对势能面进行模拟研究, 得到了势能面上对应过渡态结构的一阶鞍点. 采用乙醛负离子和甲醛作为反应物, 对经典的醛醇缩合反应中的亲核进攻步骤进行了研究. 对内禀反应坐标(IRC)路径的计算是从反应物的三组不同起始构象出发, 最终获得了反应势能面上的96个点. 本研究中的势能面采用人工神经网络算法进行模拟研究, 并利用交叉验证方法评估得到的结果, 避免了采用人工神经网络算法时过度拟合情况的发生.     

P5H6+和P5Me6+全反式构象的理论研究

用HF和MP2两种从头算方法结合cc-pVDZ和cc-pVTZ两种基组对P5H6 及其甲基取代物P5Me6 的反式构象进行理论计算,各限制优化出11个反式构象.进而分别得到其构象势能面曲线,P5H6 势能面曲线是单调平滑的,其上只有一个稳定点(3T4)和一个过渡态(4T3),说明3T4构象是势能面上的全局最小点.而P5Me6 势能面曲线与P5H6 大致相同,不同的是在势能面曲线中还存在另一个稳定点,在HF或MP2用cc-pVDZ基组时为2E(φ=216°),在HF/cc-pVTZ时为2T1(φ=198°),并且,3T4和2E的能量非常接近.最后将这两势能面与四氢呋喃进行了比较.     

势能面特征与过渡态熵及A因子

反应体系的势能面,对了解反应的微观过程起着重要的作用,它的特征决定了化学反应的机理.原则上,由反应体系的Schrodinger方程的解,可得到体系能量随核间距变化的函数,从而获得势能面.除少数简单反应外,几乎无法精确求得复杂反应体系的势能面.因而,除从头算法外,人们先后发展了计算势能面的一些半经验方法.对某一反应,文献中可能记载好几个势能面,因此,在分析反应或计算反应的各物理量时,应当说明所应用的是何种势能面.我们曾指出,过渡态熵的可靠性,有赖于提供过渡态参数的势能面.本文从下述基元反应     

H+ClF→HCl+F微观分支反应机理的从头算分子轨道法研究

用从头算分子轨道法对反应H+ClF→HCl+F的势能面进行了系统的研究。在势能面上找到了与该反应相应的两个过渡态, 并通过对从这两个过渡态出发的内禀反应坐标的分析, 得出了H与ClF生成HCl的反应途径存在着微观分支的结论。同时又由H以不同角度进攻ClF中Cl原子一端反应势垒的变化情况, 对势能面上出现分支的原因作出了解释。     

H3反应势能面的构建——计算化学实验设计

介绍一个针对高年级本科生的物理化学探索性实验。通过计算化学手段构建H3反应势能面,使学生初步掌握Gaussian03W,Gaussview5．0和Origin软件的使用,深入理解反应过渡态理论,并进一步了解目前势能面的研究动态。     

CH自由基与O2反应的从头算研究

采用量子化学从头算法（UMP2／6－31G**水平），从理论上研究了CH＋O2反应的两个主要通道.根据计算所得的反应诸途径（连接反应物Cn＋）及两个通道的最终产物）讨论了复杂的反应机理．发现反应过程涉及O2的第一激发态1△g，且沿反应途径有势能面相交，反应途径中包括多个中间体及过渡态．     

单嘧磺隆除草剂的晶体构象-活性构象转换的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上对新型除草剂单嘧磺隆绕脲桥部分两个C—N键的内旋转势能面进行计算, 然后对势能面上的驻点进行构型优化和过渡态搜索, 得到单嘧磺隆4种稳定构象和构象转换过程所涉及的8个过渡态结构. 研究结果表明, 单嘧磺隆晶体构象-活性构象转换过程中涉及4种稳定构象和8条转换途径, 脲桥部分NH基团与嘧啶环上N原子所形成的分子内氢键对于构象的稳定性及转换过程起着十分重要的作用. 应用极化连续介质溶剂模型(PCM)在B3LYP/6-31＋＋G(d, p)水平下进行溶剂化效应计算, 结果表明单嘧磺隆从晶体构象转换成活性构象主要是在水相中进行的.     

H+NH3反应势能面的量子化学研究

本文采用UCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ方法研究了H NH3反应势能面,获得了夺氢反应和交换反应过渡态的的几何结构和振动频率。夺氢反应的过渡态具有Cs对称性,其能垒为61.92 kJ/mol。交换反应的过渡态具有C3v对称性,其能垒为39.69 kJ/mol。H NH3发生形成Td对称性的反应中间体NH4里德堡自由基。与夺氢反应相比,交换反应具有更低的反应能垒,并且NH4自由基在反应中可形成长寿命的共振态,和夺氢反应形成竞争关系,因此在H NH3反应的量子动力学研究中必须同时考虑这两类反应。本文还采用更大的基组aug-cc-pVQZ和aug-cc-pV5Z研究了势能面对基组的收敛行为。     

Ar2H+ 分子振动光谱的理论计算

基于近期由本组提供的Ar2H+分子的基态势能面,应用含时波包演化方法,计算了总角动量J=0时的振动光谱,并对其中的一些谱峰进行了指认.与现有的ab initio结果进行比较,这个新势能面包含了关于Ar2H+基态的比较正确的信息.     

用神经网络方法拟合的反应体系H＋CH4←→H2＋CH3的一个全域势能面

利用神经网络力法,基于47783个高精度从头算能量点构建了反应体系H＋CH4←→H2＋CH3的一个全域势能面．通过大最的准经典轨线以及量子散射计算测试了势能面的收敛性质．这个势能面对于拟合过程以及从头算点的数目都已经完全收敛,拟合误差很小县比Shepard插值的势能面计算速度更快,代表了此标志性多原子反应体系最好的势能面．     

Finite-Temperature Dimer Method for Finding Saddle Points on Free Energy Surfaces

The dimer method and its variants have been shown to be efficient in finding saddle points on potential surfaces. In the dimer method, the most unstable direction is approximately obtained by minimizing the total potential energy of the dimer. Then, the force in this direction is reversed to move the dimer toward saddle points. When the finite-temperature effect is important for a high-dimensional system, one usually needs to describe the dynamics in a low-dimensional space of reaction coordinates. In this case, transition states are collected as saddle points on the free energy surface. The traditional dimer method cannot be directly employed to find saddle points on a free energy surface since the surface is not known a priori. Here, we develop a finite-temperature dimer method for searching saddle points on the free energy surface. In this method, a constrained rotation dynamics of the dimer system is used to sample dimer directions and an efficient average method is used to obtain a good approximation of the most unstable direction. This approximated direction is then used in reversing the force component and evolving the dimer toward saddle points. Our numerical results suggest that the new method is efficient in finding saddle points on free energy surfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

New CO-CO interaction potential tested by rovibrational calculations

A four-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the CO dimer consisting of rigid molecules has been calculated, using a scheme that combines density functional theory to describe the monomers and symmetry adapted perturbation theory for the interaction energy (DFT-SAPT). The potential is fitted in terms of analytic functions, and the fitted potential is used to compute the lowest rovibrational states of the dimer. The quality of the PES is comparable to that of a previously published surface, which was calculated with the coupled cluster single double and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] method. It is shown that a weighted average of the DFT-SAPT and the CCSD(T) potential gives results that are in very good agreement with experimental data, for both ((12)CO)(2) and ((13)CO)(2). The relative weight was determined by adjusting the energy gap between the origins of the lowest two stacks of rotational levels of ((12)CO)(2) to the measured value.     

链段刚性对非溶剂致相分离成膜过程影响的耗散粒子动力学模拟

通过分子动力学(MD)模拟映射方法构建了符合聚醚砜(PES)刚性结构的耗散粒子动力学(DPD)简谐力场, 并研究了PES链段刚性对PES/N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)/水体系非溶剂致相分离(NIPS)过程的影响. 结果表明, 由于非溶剂和溶剂在两相界面上发生的质量交换, 导致在相界面处PES链段发生堆积, 形成了薄而致密的聚合物表层, 在PES溶液内部, 由于非溶剂的侵入导致体系发生了旋节相分离, 从而在整体上得到了明显的非对称结构; 同时, PES链段刚性的提升能够明显加快体系的相分离速度, 导致相界面处的PES薄层形成得更加快速, 薄层更加致密、 孔径更小, 而对内部的疏松结构影响较小; 此外, 结合不同力场下聚合物浓度对相分离过程的影响可以发现, 不同PES浓度下, 链段刚性的提升对相分离过程的特征和演变趋势没有造成根本性的影响, 与经典的弹簧力场的模拟结果在整体趋势上有相似性. 研究结果表明, 简谐力场能提升PES链段的刚性, 从而能更真实地模拟实际体系的非溶剂相分离法成膜过程.     

Efficiency considerations in the construction of interpolated potential energy surfaces for the calculation of quantum observables by diffusion Monte Carlo

A modified Shepard interpolation scheme is used to construct global potential energy surfaces (PES) in order to calculate quantum observables--vibrationally averaged internal coordinates, fully anharmonic zero-point energies and nuclear radial distribution functions--for a prototypical loosely bound molecular system, the water dimer. The efficiency of PES construction is examined with respect to (a) the method used to sample configurational space, (b) the method used to choose which points to add to the PES data set, and (c) the use of either a one- or two-part weight function. The most efficient method for constructing the PES is found to require a quantum sampling regime, a combination of both h-weight and rms methods for choosing data points and use of the two-part weight function in the interpolation. Using this regime, the quantum diffusion Monte Carlo zero-point energy converges to the exact result within addition of 50 data points. The vibrationally averaged O-O distance and O-O radial distribution function, however, converge more slowly and require addition of over 500 data points. The methods presented here are expected to be applicable to both other loosely bound complexes as well as tightly bound molecular species. When combined with high quality ab initio calculations, these methods should be able to accurately characterize the PES of such species.     

光系统I（PSI）反应中心的激子耦合

运用点偶极、单极跃迁电荷和跃迁密度等经典库仑作用的方法,考察了叶绿素a分子间面心距和错位结构等因素对激子耦合的影响．结果表明,当分子间距大于分子尺寸时,上述三种方法得到的结果基本一致;但当分子间距小于分子尺寸时,点偶极方法将明显高估激子耦合,跃迁密度的方法更适合计算分子间的激子耦合．此外,还使用上述方法计算了光系统Ⅰ（PSI）反应中心叶绿素a分子间激子耦合．结果表明,用跃迁密度计算PSI晶体结构（1jb0．pdb）e700的激子耦合为75.3cm^-1,而QM．MM优化的结构P700（ecAl．ecBl）的激子耦合为23．8cm^-1,这与考虑Dexter交换项的全对角化方法的结果（20cm^-1）一致,进而说明PSI反应中心并不是传统的P700强激子耦合对,而是ecAl-ecB2和ecBl-ecA2对强耦合二聚体构成的二聚体对．     

Modeling styrene-styrene interactions

This study is the first step in the systematic investigation of substituted (carboxyl) polystyrene nanoparticles. Understanding the fundamental interactions between the p-carboxyl styrene monomers, where an ethyl group is used instead of a vinyl group (referenced, for convenience, as "p-carboxyl styrene"), provides the basic information needed to construct potentials for nanoparticles composed of these monomers. In this work, low-energy isomers of p-carboxyl styrene dimer were studied. The dimer structures and their relative and binding energies were determined using both M?ller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) and the general effective fragment potential (EFP2) method. Sections of the intermolecular potential energy surface (PES) of the p-carboxylated styrene dimer in its global minimum orientation were also determined. As expected, double hydrogen bonding between the two carboxylic groups provides the strongest interaction in this system, followed by isomers with a single H-bond and strong benzene ring-benzene ring (pi-pi) type interactions. Generally, the EFP2 method reproduces the MP2 geometries and relative energies with good accuracy, so it appears to be an efficient alternative to the correlated ab initio methods, which are too computationally demanding to be routinely used in the study of the more-complex polymeric systems of interest.