糖的基质辅助激光解吸／电离质谱（MALDI—MS）研究

通过糖类化合物３种常用基质ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＭＳ分析效果的比较以及寡糖和多糖正，负离子ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＭＳ谱的对比，找到了适合糖分析的基础２，５－ＤＨＢ，探讨了糖类化合物激光解吸／电离条件下形成离子的过程，指出了Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋离子在寡糖分子量测定的重要作用，借助柱层析分离手段，成功地测出分子量大于１００００的葡聚糖的分子量。     

刺五加寡糖的电喷雾多级串联质谱研究

采用小柱层析法从刺五加中分离得到刺五加寡糖类系列化合物(刺五加二糖刺五加六糖).实验结果表明,在正离子模式下的ESI-MS谱中,此类化合物呈现出特征的加合离子峰簇[M+Na]⁺/[M+K]⁺或[M+H₂O+Na]⁺/[M+H₂O+K]⁺,可以确定其分子量;在负离子模式下的ESI-MS谱中,刺五加寡糖易形成[M-H]^-/[M+nH₂O-H]^-(n<3).还利用电喷雾多级串联质谱(ESI-MSⁿ)对刺五加三糖进行了系统的研究,推断出刺五加三糖的组成与结构.     

Ce3+、Tb3+离子及Ce3+-Tb3+离子对在Sr4Si3O8Cl4基质中发光的研究

研究了Ce³⁺、Tb³⁺、离子及Ce³⁺-Tb³⁺离子对在Sr₄Si₃O₈Cl₄基质中的发射光谱和激发光谱。初步讨论了Ce³⁺、Tb³⁺离子之间发光敏化的机理。     

C1～C3正构醛、醇在质子转移反应飞行时间质谱中的产物离子特征分析

为分析C₁～C₃正构醛、 醇化合物在质子转移反应飞行时间质谱(PTR-TOF MS)中的产物离子特征, 考察了不同E/N值(E: 电场强度, N: 气体分子数密度)下C₁～C₃正构醛、 醇的产物离子种类和强度的变化. 结果表明, 低分子量正构醇类(甲醇、 乙醇和丙醇)倾向于形成质子化聚合物[nMH]⁺及其失水离子[nMH-H₂O]⁺, 且随着E/N值升高, 醇类会产生较多裂解碎片和多聚体离子. 低分子量正构醛(甲醛、 乙醛和丙醛)主要产生质子化产物[MH]⁺和一水合质子化产物[M·H₃O]⁺, 高E/N值(>125 Td)会抑制甲醛质子化, 也会抑制其加合产物的生成. 乙醛倾向于形成水加合物, 且随着E/N值增高, 质子化乙醛与一水合质子化乙醛的变化趋势相反. 另外, 丙醛在较高的E/N值下会产生一系列聚合物, 如[MH·C₂H₅]⁺和[2MH]⁺. 通过分析C₁～C₃正构醛、 醇的质子转移反应特征及产物离子形成过程, 获得了C₁～C₃正构醛、 醇的特征离子和对应的最佳E/N设置值, 为低分子量醛、 醇的定性分析提供了重要依据.     

冠醚对生物化学影响的研究(Ⅲ)——五种冠醚化合物对小麦幼苗根系吸收与运转42K、24Na、45Ca离子的影响

本文用放射性同位素⁴²K、²⁴Na、⁴⁵Ca作示踪,配以P^K、P^Na离子选择电极测量溶液的电导率和电位变化。研究五种冠醚化合物对南大八号小麦幼苗根系吸收与运转无机离子(K⁺、Na⁺、Ca^艹)的作用。实验结果表明,五种冠醚化合物对小麦幼苗根系具有不同程度的促进吸收和加速运转K⁺、Na⁺、Ca^艹的作用,其中以1号冠醚化合物作用最为明显,在K⁺、Na⁺、Ca⁺艹>中对K⁺的作用最为突出。     

通过Bi3+发光特征判定“争议”格位——以Ca2MgSi2O7:Bi3+荧光粉为例

在以往的研究工作中,人们经常关注给定基质具有多个格位所对应多发光中心的光致发射。 取决于所掺杂的基质,多个格位的晶体化合物应该可以提供相应的多发光中心,但某些化合物有时只会表现一个发光中心,由此产生“争议性”发光中心。 据以往研究,以稀土离子掺杂而为人所知的经典镁黄长石(Ca₂MgSi₂O₇)长余辉化合物具有“争议性”Ca格位。 为此,在本文中以非稀土离子(Bi³⁺)特有的发光特性从侧面来研究Ca₂MgSi₂O₇化合物中的“争议性”Ca格位问题。 结果表明,在250和276 nm激发波长激发下,所有的Bi³⁺掺杂Ca₂MgSi₂O₇样品均有峰位位于582和350 nm的两个Bi³⁺特征发射带。结合晶体结构分析,光谱结果表明,Ca₂MgSi₂O₇:Bi³⁺荧光粉具有对应于六配位和八配位的两个不同Ca²⁺格位的两个Bi³⁺发光中心,即,Bi³⁺(Ⅰ)(~582 nm)和Bi³⁺(Ⅱ)(~350 nm)发光中心。 此外,光谱分析进一步表明,Bi³⁺(Ⅰ)与Bi³⁺(Ⅱ)具有单向的能量传递,而且,发现这两个发光中心所对应的相对发射强度是依赖于激发波长和Bi³⁺掺杂浓度。 实验证明了Ca₂MgSi₂O₇晶体化合物具有两个Ca格位,而不是有些工作中所讨论的一个Ca格位。 本文工作可以为已知或未知的具有“争议性”格位的晶体化合物的验证提供新的借鉴。     

亚晶格能量团簇构建及晶场调控对四方LiYF4:RE上转换发光机制的影响研究

四方LiYF₄是一种与六方NaYF₄相当的稀土上转换发光基质材料,由于相对优异的短波上转换发光特性,近年受到业界的相当关注,但对产生这一优异特性的原因还未见报道.经研究发现,四方LiYF₄具有六边环状亚晶格结构,每5个间距小于0.4 nm的近邻三价阳离子形成一个团簇,稀土离子间的能量传递容易在团簇内或六边形环内环绕传递.基于它的这一亚晶格结构特征,本工作通过引入不同量敏化剂Yb³⁺和掺杂离子Sc³⁺和Hf⁴⁺,考察不同激活离子Er³⁺、Ho³⁺和Tm³⁺与敏化离子Yb³⁺构建亚晶格能量团簇以及异质离子Sc³⁺和Hf⁴⁺掺杂晶场调控对稀土离子上转换发光性能的影响机制.发现不同稀土离子与Yb³⁺存在不同的能级匹配,导致不同概率的无辐射交叉弛豫行为,当引入适量的Yb³⁺时,可分别构建1Er-2Yb、1Ho-2Yb和1Tm-4Yb亚晶格能量团簇,实现最佳的上转换发光性能;当6 mol% Sc³⁺和4 mol% Hf⁴⁺引入时,可有效调控晶场的不对称性;掺杂后,5个近邻三价离子的团簇结构中,只有3个近邻Yb³⁺离子,无法同时实现Er³⁺离子的⁴F_5/2和Sc³⁺的²G_7/2或Hf⁴⁺的⁴F_5/2^o激发态的双光子合作上转换电子布居,导致Sc³⁺或Hf⁴⁺成为荧光猝灭中心,Sc³⁺掺杂晶场调控最大仅提升50%的荧光强度,Hf⁴⁺掺杂没有提升反而降低Er³⁺离子的上转换发光强度,不同于它们掺杂六方NaYF₄：Er/Yb那样扮演储能离子角色,显著提升Er³⁺离子的短波上转换发光强度.本研究揭示了在六边环状亚晶格基质结构中不同稀土离子与敏化剂Yb³⁺的敏化上转换发光机制,以及基质结构特征对掺杂晶场调控行为的影响机制,可为设计和制备高性能上转换发光材料提供借鉴.     

Pb在锗酸镉基质中的长余辉发光特性

通过高温固相反应在空气中制得单相Cd₂Ge₇O₁₆:Pb²⁺长余辉发光材料.分析了Cd₂Ge₇O₁₆和Cd₂Ge₇O₁₆:Pb²⁺的激发光谱和发射光谱,指出Pb²⁺的发光是该离子的³P₁-¹S₀跃迁产生的;分析了Cd₂Ge₇O₁₆:Pb²⁺的发光存在基质对Pb²⁺的能量传递;并把长余辉性质归结为基质中Cd离子的挥发产生的空穴陷阱.提出了长余辉发光机理模型.     

N,N-二甲基吡啶苯甲醛缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙的合成及对Cu2+的选择性识别

设计合成了可用于识别铜离子的化合物N,N-二甲基吡啶苯甲醛缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙(1), 通过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS等对其结构进行了表征; 采用荧光光谱和吸收光谱法研究了化合物1与金属离子间的相互作用. 结果表明, 化合物1对Cu²⁺ 呈现良好的选择性, Cu²⁺ 的加入使化合物1的荧光强度增强12.5倍, 加入其它金属离子如Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Li⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ 和 Ag⁺, 仅引起化合物1荧光强度的微降. 采用双倒数线性回归拟合法计算可知, 化合物1与Cu²⁺ 形成了1: 1型强发光配合物, 结合常数为2.0×10⁷ L/mol.     

激光解吸电离质谱新型液相基质研究

样品的制备是基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI-MS)中非常关键的技术,开发和研究新的制样技术,克服现有固相制样方法的缺陷,已成为MALDI-MS的一个重要研究内容.本文选用了包括纳米粒子在内的多种化合物作为基质或辅助物,以甘油、硝基苄醇、液体石蜡等为溶剂,形成了多种不同组成的液相基质.以多肽、蛋白、大环寡糖、小分子有机化合物等为测试样品,系统地考察所用液相基质对各种类型化合物的MALDI-TOF质谱分析的适用情况,探讨其与固体制样方法的异同点.实验结果表明:有的液相基质对各类化合物具有较好的通用性,而有的液相基质对某些特定类型化合物的分析特别有效.     

N-(1-Naphthyl) Ethylenediamine Dinitrate: A New Matrix for Negative Ion MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Small Molecules

An organic salt, N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate (NEDN), with rationally designed properties of a strong UV absorbing chromophore, hydrogen binding and nitrate anion donors, has been employed as a matrix to analyze small molecules (m/z?相似文献   

A new naphthimidazole derivative for saccharide labeling with enhanced sensitivity in mass spectrometry detection

A series of saccharides, including maltoheptose, blood type B antigen, pullulan and the glucan of Ganoderma lucidum, are easily converted into the naphthimidazole (NAIM) derivatives in high yields by the iodine‐promoted oxidative condensation. The NAIM‐labeled saccharides, without further purification, show enhanced signals in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS). The combined use of NAIM derivatization and MALDI‐TOFMS analysis thus provides a rapid method for identification of saccharides even in less than 1 pmol of saccharide in the sample. Characterization of the biologically active saccharides and complex polysaccharides is also achieved through the NAIM‐derivatization method. This study can be further applied to facilitate the isolation and analysis of novel saccharides. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mass spectrometric analysis of low molecular mass polyesters by laser desorption/ionization on porous silicon

A low molecular mass polyester was analyzed by desorption/ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) mass spectrometry. The results were compared with those of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry using matrixes of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (F20TPP). The CHCA matrix was not suitable for characterization of low molecular mass components of the polyester because the matrix-related ions interfered with the component ions. On the other hand, the F20TPP matrix showed no interference because no matrix-related ions appeared below m/z 822. However, the solvent selection for determining optimal conditions of sample preparation was limited, because F20TPP does not dissolve readily in any of the available organic solvents. In the DIOS spectra, the polymer ions were observed at high sensitivity without a contaminating ion. No matrix is needed for DIOS spectra of low molecular mass polyesters, facilitating sample preparation and selectivity of a precursor ion in post-source decay measurements.     

Linkage position and residue identification of disaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry and linear discriminant analysis

The discrimination of isomeric disaccharides with different linkage types and different monosaccharide residues--glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and mannose (Man) at the non-reducing end--was investigated with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Conventional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS has strong interference peaks from matrix ions in the low mass region (<500 Da). This greatly limits the application of MALDI-MS for the analysis of small molecules such as saccharides. We solved this problem by using LDI with acidic fullerene matrix, which gives a very clean background in the low-mass region. Disaccharides with different linkage types give different tandem mass spectral profiles from various cross-ring fragmentation pathways. Disaccharides with the same linkage type but with three different kinds of monosaccharide residues bear the same fragmentation profiles. However, the relative ratios of the fragment ion intensities were found to be distinctly different among the three disaccharide isomers. By employing statistical tools such as LDA to classify the tandem mass spectra, disaccharide isomers with either different linkages or different monosaccharide residues were successfully classified.     

Study of cationization of saccharides by laser mass spectrometry

Summary Metal ions introduced in the +1 oxidation state are better for the cationization of saccharides than cations in other oxidation states. This effect is related to the ease of formation of singly charged adduct ions by reaction with singly charged metal ions. Sample preparation had little effect on the reproducibility of the spectra. Use of a nitrocellulose matrix can introduce competition between the matrix and saccharide for cations, leading to lower ion intensities. The concentration of the salt and saccharide had little effect on cationization signal intensity once a threshold concentration was exceed: 0.1 M metal ion and 0.5 M saccharide.

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Untersuchung der Kationisierung von Sacchariden durch Laser-Massenspektrometrie

     

MALDI-TOFMS测定高聚合度葡聚糖及不同基体在测定中的作用比较

应用基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)直接对未经分级的高聚合度(n>100)葡聚糖样品进行了测定,检测到的葡聚糖最大分子量达18000以上.对2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(DHB)、1-羟基异喹啉(1-HIQ)及3,4-二羟基肉桂酸(咖啡酸,CA)3种一元基体以及DHB与1-HIQ,DHB与CA两种二元基体在测定中的作用进行了比较.结果表明,DHB基体测定的质量范围较大;DHB+1-HIQ和DHB+CA二元混合基体对样品的解吸电离效果及谱图重现性好;DHB+1-HIQ基体获得的谱图分辨率高.     

MALDI TOF mass spectrometry for the investigation of the structure of ruthenium carborane complexes

The results of investigation of ruthenium carborane complexes with chelating diphosphine ligands by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry are presented. The influence of matrix, power of laser irradiation, and analysis mode on the substrate fragmentation and spectra is analyzed. It is shown that the best spectra are recorded in the negative ion mode with DCTB as a matrix.     

A laser desorption fourier transform mass spectrometric study of dimethyl 8-acetyl-3,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrin-2,18-dipropanoate

Laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance positive- and negative-ion mass spectra are presented for dimethyl 8-acetyl-3,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrin-2,18-dipropanoate. The 248-nm laser ionization thresholds for both positive and negative ions are observed to be about 2.5 MW cm^?2. The M⁺˙ molecular ion is assigned to the base peak in the low-power spectra whereas it is the M^?˙ ion for the corresponding anion spectra. Increased intensities of [M + H]⁺ and [M ? H]^? are observed with increased laser fluences of up to 38 MW cm^?2. At high laser powers the negative-ion results reveal that a series of carbon-nitrogen cumulene and polyacetylene cluster ions are formed. Laser evaporation/multiphoton ionization/ and thermal evaporation/electron impact ionization/collision-induced dissociation experiments carried out on the porphyrin M⁺˙ and [M + H]⁺ ions over a range of translational kinetic energies and delay times after acceleration are compared and used to obtain mechanistic and structural information. In contrast to the electron impact experiments, which show only side-chain cleavage, the laser-based collision-induced dissociation experiments reveal that, in addition to side-chain cleavage, it is possible to cleave the porphyrin ring to various extents depending on the ion translational energy selected.     

Disappearance of interfering alkali-metal adducted peaks from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of peptides with serine addition to alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix

It has been described that ion yield in both positive- and negative-ion matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) of peptides is often inhibited by trace amounts of alkali metals and that the MALDI mass spectra are contaminated by the interfering peaks originating from traces of alkali metals, even when sample preparation is carefully performed. Addition of serine to the commonly used MALDI matrix alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) significantly improved and enhanced the signals of both protonated and deprotonated peptides, [M+H](+) and [M-H](-). The addition of serine to CHCA matrix eliminated the alkali-metal ion adducts, [M+Na](+) and [M+K](+), and the CHCA cluster ions from the mass spectra. Serine and serinephosphate as additives to CHCA enhanced and improved the formation of molecular-related ions of phosphopeptides in negative-ion MALDI mass spectra.     

Use of meso- tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin as a matrix for low molecular weight alkylphenol ethoxylates in laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The use of UV-absorbing molecules as matrices in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is well documented. The matrices that are currently used have low molecular weights (<300 Da) and thus, for a typical MALDI-TOF spectrum, the low-mass range (m/z 100-500) is dominated by matrix ions. Consequently, the applications of MALDI-TOFMS have been restricted mostly to the analysis of high molecular weight analytes. This report demonstrates the use of meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (F20TPP, MW 974.57) as a matrix in the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis of some commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates (4-(C(9)H(19))-C(6)H(4)-(OCH(2)CH(2))(n)-OH), in which the ethoxymer ion distribution ranges from 331-771 Da. When F20TPP was used without a sodium ion dopant, there were no MALDI signals for the ethoxylates. However, addition of sodium acetate to the sample produced MALDI spectra in which the ethoxymer molecules were sodiated to form [M + Na](+) ions. A comparison of the mass spectrometric data with those obtained when alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) was used as the matrix indicated that the F20TPP-induced spectra provided comparable data, with the advantage of having less matrix interference in the low-mass range (m/z 100-500). Thus, the use of F20TPP and similar porphyrins may provide the means to apply MALDI-TOF to the analysis of low molecular weight molecules with minimum interference from matrix signals. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.