抑制化学发光法检测甲萘威的研究

研究发现甲萘威对鲁米诺-过氧化氢-叶绿素铜钠体系的化学发光具有强烈抑制作用,由此建立了流动注射-抑制化学发光检测甲萘威的新方法,并利用荧光猝灭法探讨了甲萘威对该体系化学发光的抑制机理.实验表明叶绿素铜钠对甲萘威的荧光猝灭过程是静态猝灭过程,二者以摩尔比1:1结合,形成稳定的络合物,平衡常数为5.43× 104 L·mo...     

阿米卡星与碲化镉量子点和牛血清白蛋白所形成的复合物之间的相互作用

以3-巯基丙酸为稳定剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂,采用水热法合成了具有优异光学性质的碲化镉量子点.量子点与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合使荧光强度明显增大.对BSA测定的线性范围为0.68～13.6 mg·L-1,检出限为0.26 mg·L-1.阿米卡星对碲化镉量子点-BSA复合物的荧光有明显猝灭作用,荧光猝灭程度与其浓度呈线性关系.结果表明为静态猝灭,阿米卡星与BSA按物质的量比1比1结合,结合常数为6.47×103L·mol-1.用圆二色光谱技术探讨了阿米卡星对BSA构象的影响.     

β-环糊精增敏荧光猝灭法对粮食样品中L-色氨酸的分析研究

研究了Se(Ⅳ)-丁基罗丹明B与L-色氨酸结合物在β-环糊精(β-CD)介质中的荧光光谱行为.加入L-色氨酸可使Se(Ⅳ)-丁基罗丹明B体系发生荧光猝灭,β-CD的加入导致溶液中荧光猝灭值ΔIF增加,且L-色氨酸的质量浓度与ΔIF呈良好的线性关系,据此建立了荧光猝灭测定L-色氨酸的新方法.优化了实验条件,结果表明:β-CD对测定具有增敏作用,色氨酸的质量浓度在1.0 ～30.0 mg/L范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,回归方程为ΔIF =399.1ρ(mg/L)+258.9,相关系数r=0.999 3,检出限为0.21 mg/L.将方法用于粮食样品中L-色氨酸的测定,结果令人满意.     

3-乙基苯并噻唑螺萘并噁嗪与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

采用荧光光谱法和热力学方法研究了3-乙基苯并噻唑螺萘并噁嗪(EBSN)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.结果表明,在pH为7.46的Tris-HCl及0.01mol·L-1的NaCl介质中,EBSN能强烈猝灭BSA的荧光,猝灭机理为形成复合物的静态猝灭.在298、306和313K时,两者的表观结合常数Kb分别为1.762 0×104,3.396 3×104和6.123 5×104 L·mol-1.与此同时,EBSN与BSA的结合反应是自发的,作用力主要为疏水作用力;BSA和EBSN的工作曲线分别为F0-F=2.439c-8.322和(F0-F)/F=0.061 89c+0.556 6,对BSA和EBSN的检出限分别为0.015mg·L-1和7.61×10-7 mol·L-1.     

荧光探针N-9-吖啶-α-氨基乙酸的合成及荧光分光光度法测定环境水样中痕量铜

对荧光探针N-9-吖啶-α-氨基乙酸的合成方法作了改进,使偶氮化反应时间由7 h缩短为3 h,产率由78.9%提高至85.2%.此试剂与铜(Ⅱ)反应使其荧光猝灭,并据此提出了以此试剂为探针的痕量铜的荧光光度测定法.在pH 7.0的缓冲介质中,在一定量的乙醇存在下,铜(Ⅱ)与荧光探针反应,通过测定样品溶液和空白溶液在激发波长(λex)262.0 nm和发射波长(λem)456.0 nm的荧光强度FA和FB,计算得反应液荧光强度猝灭程度△F,其荧光强度的猝灭程度与铜(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0.20～600.0 μg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3a/b)为0.04μg·L-1.按此方法分析了3个环境水样,测得其铜量值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%,回收率在96.0%～102.0%之间.     

铽-依诺沙星-邻菲啰啉络合物荧光猝灭法测定ATP

研究了铽-依诺沙星(enx)-邻菲啰啉(phen)络合物作为荧光探针,荧光猝灭法测定三磷酸腺苷二钠(ATP)的新方法。试验结果表明,在pH 6.7乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,eλx=340 nm,eλm=545 nm时,荧光强度的减小值与ATP的浓度在0.1~10.0 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.02 mg.L-1。该体系直接用于三磷酸腺苷二钠片剂中ATP含量的测定,标准加入回收率为98.4%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.34%。     

水杨醛缩氨基硫脲-铜荧光猝灭反应的研究及应用

在NH4Cl-NH3.H2O缓冲溶液介质中铜离子能使荧光试剂水杨醛缩氨基硫脲(SHTA)荧光强度猝灭,荧光猝灭的程度随铜离子含量的增加而增大。据此建立了测定痕量铜离子的荧光猝灭分析方法。其铜离子含量在0~200μg.L-1范围内与△IF呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限(S/N=3)为1.2μg/L。该方法操作简便快速,具有较高的灵敏度。已用于对环境水样及人发中痕量铜的测定,效果满意。     

岩白菜素与牛血清蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

应用荧光光谱研究了岩白菜素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)分子间的相互作用.结果表明,岩白菜素对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机制属于形成化合物所引起的静态猝灭,猝灭常数Ksv为1.905×104L.mol-1;岩白菜素与BSA反应的结合常数为2.083×104,结合位点数为1.由热力学参数确定了岩白菜素与牛血清白蛋白的结合作用主要为静电作用.实验还发现随着岩白菜素的加入,BSA的猝灭值与岩白菜素浓度在1.5×10-5~1.5×10-4mol.L-1的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限2.0×10-6mol.L-1,可用于岩白菜素的测定.     

迷迭香酸的CdTe量子点荧光探针同步荧光法测定

基于迷迭香酸对CdTe量子点荧光的猝灭效应,建立了一种高灵敏度的测定微量迷迭香酸的同步荧光法.在pH 5.7的缓冲溶液中,当固定波长差为210 nm时,CdTe量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长位于320 nm.在最佳实验条件下,迷迭香酸质量浓度在0.36 ～11.52 mg·L-1(1.00×10-6 ～3.20×10-5 mol/L)范围与CdTe量子点的同步荧光强度存在良好的线性关系.其线性回归方程为I0F/IF=0.931 7+0.128 9 ρ(mg·L-1),相关系数r=0.998 2,检出限为0.16 mg·L-1.10次重复测定2.16 mg·L-1 的迷迭香酸,相对标准偏差为2.8%.同时对其同步荧光猝灭机理进行了探讨.     

用靛蓝胭脂红-H_2O_2流动注射化学发光法测定水样中的铜(Ⅱ)

在Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲溶液中,铜(Ⅱ)对H2O2氧化靛蓝胭脂红的反应具有明显的催化作用.基于此,结合流动注射技术,建立了测定铜(Ⅱ)的化学发光新方法;研究了影响化学发光强度的各种因素.结果表明,在最佳试验条件下,铜(Ⅱ)浓度在1.0×10-8"1.0×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与发光强度呈线性关系,检出限为4.1×10-10 mol·L-1.将该方法用于水样中铜(Ⅱ)的测定,结果满意.     

Interaction of Zinc Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with Chlorophyll: A Fluorescence Quenching Study

The present study aims to investigate the interactions of zinc oxide nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles with the major photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll using ultraviolet-visible, steady state, and time resolved laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The steady state fluorescence measurements show that zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles quench the fluorescence of chlorophyll in concentration-dependent manner. The Stern-Volmer plot for the chlorophyll-zinc oxide nanoparticles is linear, and the value of quenching constant has been observed to increase with temperature indicating the possibility of dynamic quenching. A decrease in the lifetime of chlorophyll with increase in the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles confirms the involvement of dynamic quenching in the chlorophyll–zinc oxide nanoparticle interaction. In the case of copper oxide nanoparticles, the Stern-Volmer plot deviates from linearity observed in the form of upward curvature depicting the presence of both static and dynamic quenching. In addition, the lifetime of chlorophyll decreases with increase in the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles displaying the dominance of dynamic quenching in the chlorophyll-copper oxide nanoparticle interaction. The decrease observed in the value of binding constant with increasing temperature and negative values of change in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibb’s free energy indicates that van der Waal and hydrogen bonding are the prominent forces during the interaction of chlorophyll with both zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles and that the process is spontaneous and exothermic. The interaction of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles with chlorophyll occurs through electron transfer mechanism. The obtained results are useful in understanding the sensitization processes involving chlorophyll and zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles.     

Cu2＋和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶作用的光谱学研究

利用邻苯三酚自氧化法监测在磷酸盐缓冲体系中Cu^2＋对猪肝铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活力的影响, 认为Cu^2＋与猪肝CuZnSOD存在直接相互作用. 通过荧光光谱方法研究了这种相互作用, 内源荧光的猝灭实验表明Cu^2＋与CuZnSOD形成1∶1型稳定配合物; 荧光猝灭的动力学分析表明配合物形成过程由两个独立步骤完成: 第一步是双分子快速缔合过程, 形成了结合疏松的配合物, 第二步是单分子慢速过程, 即松散的配合物“异构化”成为结合紧密的配合物. FTIR和CD证实相互作用过程伴随了蛋白分子构象的变化.     

QUENCHING OF SINGLET OXYGEN BY SENSITIZER IN DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOOXYGENATION*

Abstract— A general method for the determination of the extent of the singlet oxygen (¹O₂) quenching by sensitizer in the dye-sensitized photooxygenation of olefins is used in the case of rose bengal (RB) in methanol and oil-soluble chlorophyll (M) in benzene with 2-methyl-2-pentene and tetramethylethylene as acceptors. Unlike RB, M which contains only a low percentage of pure chlorophyll (Chi), quenches ¹O₂. It is shown that this very cheap mixture can be used for kinetic studies and that the chemical quenching of ¹O₂ by M is very weak with respect to the physical quenching. The upper limit for the rate constants of physical and chemical quenching of ¹O₂ by Chi is estimated.     

QUINONES AS MEDIATORS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM MEMBRANE-BOUND CHLOROPHYLL TO CYTOCHROME c IN THE AQUEOUS PHASE IN LIPID BILAYER VESICLES: SYNERGISTIC ENHANCEMENT OF CYTOCHROME c REDUCTION BY LIPOPHILIC/ HYDROPHILIC QUINONE PAIRS

Laser flash photolysis has been used to determine the kinetics of cytochrome c reduction by chlorophyll triplet state in negatively-charged lipid bilayer vesicles, as mediated by quinones. Large synergistic enhancements in the yield of reduced cytochrome were obtained using a pair of quinones, one of which was lipophilic (e.g. benzoquinone, 2,6-di-f-butylbenzoquinone) and the other of which was hydrophilic (e.g. l,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate). The mechanism was shown to involve initial quenching of the triplet by the membrane-associated quinone to form chlorophyll cation radical and quinone anion radical. An interquinone electron transfer process followed this reaction, which occurred at the membrane-water interface, and greatly facilitated electron transport from within the bilayer to the aqueous phase. This process formed the basis of the synergistic effect. Cytochrome c reduction occurred in the water phase by reaction with the anion radical of the hydrophilic quinone. Finally, the reduced cytochrome was reoxidized by a slow reaction with chlorophyll cation radical. Under the most favorable conditions, we estimate that the quantum yield of conversion of triplet quenching events to reduction of cytochrome approached unity. The lifetime of the reduced protein and oxidized chlorophyll could be as long as 140 ms, under the best conditions. This system has properties which are thus quite favorable for solar energy conversion in a biomimetic process.     

Degradation of carbofuran in aqueous solution by Fe(III) aquacomplexes as effective photocatalysts

The photodegradation of carbofuran by excitation of iron(III) aquacomplexes was investigated under UV irradiation. The degradation rate was strongly influenced by the pH, and initial concentration of Fe(III). The degradation efficiency of carbofuran at the difference pH was in good agreement with the initial concentration of Fe(OH)²⁺ in the solution. An initial carbofuran concentration of 10 mg L⁻¹ was completely degraded within 50 min at pH 2.8 with original Fe(III) concentration of 8 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹. This degradation reaction was found to follow the first order kinetics law and the rate constant of 1.60 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ was observed. The decrease of TOC content was observed during the photocatalytic process and the removal percentage obtained was about 70% after 25 h. Furthermore, ammonium ion as an end-product was detected in the solution. Therefore, this process based on the catalytic reaction of Fe(II, III) is responsible for the continuous production of hydroxyl radicals in such system. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the formation of four photoproducts, such as 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-ol, etc., revealing that the carbamate branch, C-3 and C-2 positions in furan ring were attack targets of hydroxyl radicals. Based on these results, the photocatalytic system could be useful technology for the treatment and the mineralization of compounds like carbofuran.     

Analysis of carbofuran residues in soil by the stopped-flow technique

A simple method for the determination of carbofuran by the stopped-flow technique and which is suitable for its routine analysis in soil samples is reported. The method was based on the coupling reaction between carbofuran phenol (the hydrolysis product of carbofuran) and diazotised sulphanilic acid to form a coloured compound, the rate of formation of which was monitored spectrophotometrically. The calibration graph was linear in the range 1-40 micrograms ml-1 (RSD, 2%) and the method was highly selective. The average recovery of carbofuran was 96.5% from soil, and less than 0.5 micrograms g-1 could be detected. A procedure for the resolution of propoxur - carbofuran mixtures of mass ratios in the range 5:1-1:10 with a precision of ca 3% is also described.     

Parallel changes in non-photochemical quenching properties, photosynthesis and D1 levels at sudden, prolonged irradiance exposures in Ulva fasciata Delile

The photosynthetic response to a sudden and prolonged high irradiance exposure and following recovery at low irradiance were studied with the aim of investigating the ability to withstand and adapt to high irradiance without prior high light adaptation. When thalli of Ulva fasciata, accustomed to a low irradiance (80 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)), were exposed to a high irradiance (1500 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)), the D1 protein was rapidly degraded, reaching a steady-state level after 110 min. This was followed by a fast recovery when thalli were transferred to dim light. The overall ability of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence decreased and levelled off at a sudden and prolonged exposure to high irradiance and followed the same trend as the D1 level with a fast recovery in dim light. Ulva had intrinsic means to acclimate rapidly to high irradiance, when non-photochemical quenching did not operate properly, by maintaining a smaller fraction of high light tolerant PSII assemblages and by maintaining a high non-photochemical quenching capacity of chlorophyll fluorescence in relation to the variable fluorescence. The overall absorption of light (400-700 nm) remained high during the period of high irradiance exposure. When Ulva were deprived of nutrients in the form of PES media the ability of non-photochemical quenching decreased at photoinhibitory conditions. The possible causes for the responses at prolonged irradiance and the mechanisms for the decrease of non-photochemical quenching are discussed, with implications for field measurements.     

Influence of substituted 1,4-anthraquinones on the chlorophyll fluorescence and photochemical activity of pea thylakoid membranes

The effect of substituted 1,4-anthraquinones on the photochemical activity and chlorophyll fluorescence of thylakoid membranes was examined. Both the fluorescence and the photochemical activity depend on the 1,4-anthraquinone substituent. Stronger quinone-induced quenching of the chlorophyll fluorescence than quinone-induced changes in the activity of photosystem II is observed. The type (Cl or Br) and the position (Cl) of the chalogen atom strongly influence the degree of inhibition of PSII electron transport and the quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. The data suggest that the quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence is due rather to the interaction of the 1,4-anthraquinones and chlorophyll molecules than to an indirect effect caused by stimulation of the photochemistry.     

Spectroscopic studies on interaction and sonodynamic damage of metallochlorophyllin (Chl-M (M=Fe, Zn and Cu)) to protein under ultrasonic irradiation

In this paper, the chlorophyll derivatives, metallochlorophyllin (Chl-M) (M=Fe, Zn and Cu) including chlorophyllin iron (Chl-Fe), chlorophyllin zinc (Chl-Zn) and chlorophyllin copper (Chl-Cu), were adopted as sonosensitizers to combine with ultrasonic irradiation, and the sonodynamic damage of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated. At first, the interaction of Chl-M with BSA was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the quenching mechanism belongs to a static process and among them the affinity of Chl-Fe to BSA is the most obvious. Then, some influence factors on the sonodynamic damage of BSA molecules in the presence of Chl-M under ultrasonic irradiation were also studied. Synchronous fluorescence spectra show that the binding and damage sites of Chl-M to BSA molecule are mainly on the tryptophan (Trp) residues. The generation of ROS in Chl-M sonodynamic process is estimated by the method of Oxidation-Extraction Spectrometry (OEP). This paper may offer some valuable references for the study of the sonodynamic activity of Chl-M and the effect of the central metals. Synchronously, it contributes to the application of Chl-M in SDT for tumor treatment.